Utilization of rotational and vibrational temperatures for plasma diagnostics of high-pressure discharges

1970 ◽  
Vol 20 (3) ◽  
pp. 341-350 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Janča
2008 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. O. Baronova ◽  
V. V. Vikhrev ◽  
D. Kh. Morozov ◽  
Hans-Jürgen Hartfuss ◽  
Michel Dudeck ◽  
...  

2010 ◽  
Vol 19 (7) ◽  
pp. 075206 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xu Jin-Zhou ◽  
Shi Jian-Jun ◽  
Zhang Jing ◽  
Zhang Qi ◽  
Nakamura Keji ◽  
...  

1993 ◽  
Vol 224 (2) ◽  
pp. 137-140 ◽  
Author(s):  
G.K. Muralidhar ◽  
G. Mohan Rao ◽  
A.G. Menon ◽  
S. Mohan

2009 ◽  
Vol 18 (4) ◽  
pp. 045009 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jinzhou Xu ◽  
Keji Nakamura ◽  
Qi Zhang ◽  
Hideo Sugai

Author(s):  
Marek Malecki ◽  
James Pawley ◽  
Hans Ris

The ultrastructure of cells suspended in physiological fluids or cell culture media can only be studied if the living processes are stopped while the cells remain in suspension. Attachment of living cells to carrier surfaces to facilitate further processing for electron microscopy produces a rapid reorganization of cell structure eradicating most traces of the structures present when the cells were in suspension. The structure of cells in suspension can be immobilized by either chemical fixation or, much faster, by rapid freezing (cryo-immobilization). The fixation speed is particularly important in studies of cell surface reorganization over time. High pressure freezing provides conditions where specimens up to 500μm thick can be frozen in milliseconds without ice crystal damage. This volume is sufficient for cells to remain in suspension until frozen. However, special procedures are needed to assure that the unattached cells are not lost during subsequent processing for LVSEM or HVEM using freeze-substitution or freeze drying. We recently developed such a procedure.


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