Toxicity of potash brines to early developmental stages of Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar)

1988 ◽  
Vol 41 (3) ◽  
pp. 391-397 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. H. Peterson ◽  
D. J. Martin-Robichaud ◽  
J. Power
Keyword(s):  
Atlantic Salmon ◽  
Salmo Salar ◽  
Developmental Stages ◽  
Atlantic Salmon Salmo Salar ◽  
Early Developmental Stages ◽  
Early Developmental

THE EMBRYOLOGY OF THE ATLANTIC SALMON (SALMO SALAR LINNAEUS)

1944 ◽  
Vol 22d (5) ◽  
pp. 105-125 ◽  
Author(s):  
Helen I. Battle
Keyword(s):  
Atlantic Salmon ◽  
Salmo Salar ◽  
Developmental Stages ◽  
Atlantic Coast ◽  
Atlantic Salmon Salmo Salar ◽  
Straight Line ◽  
Somite Formation ◽  
Embryonic Shield ◽  
Length Data ◽  
Early Developmental

Series of eggs collected at various Canadian Atlantic Coast Hatcheries from 1934 to 1940 were used as the bases for a survey of the embryology of the Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar L.) from fertilization to hatching. Early developmental stages from cleavage to the delineation of the embryonic shield are described. Somite formation commences when the embryonic axis is between 1 and 2 mm. in length, and is complete shortly after closure of the blastopore when 60 somites are evident at an embryonic length of 6 mm. Following this the embryo takes on a progressively more fish-like form until hatching.The temperature of the water during most of the incubation period is relatively constant (0.5 °C. to 1 °C.) and the embryonic length data when plotted over this period fit the requirements for straight-line curves. The variation in the thermal units required to reach the same stage in different series indicates that their validity as criteria for determining comparable stages in embryonic development is doubtful.Periods of greatest mortality in development occur during cleavage and blastoderm formation to the closure of the blastopore and at hatching.

Body shape and fin size in juvenile Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar): effects of temperature during embryogenesis

2021 ◽  
pp. 381-389
Author(s):  
Larry Greenberg ◽  
Bror Jonsson ◽  
Johnny R. Norrgård ◽  
Ann Erlandsson ◽  
Eva Bergman
Keyword(s):  
Global Warming ◽  
Atlantic Salmon ◽  
Salmo Salar ◽  
Body Shape ◽  
Developmental Stages ◽  
Swimming Performance ◽  
Later Life ◽  
Climate Change Scenarios ◽  
Population Declines ◽  
Atlantic Salmon Salmo Salar

Temperature during egg incubation and early development influences later life stages of fishes, potentially influencing survival. Throughout its distribution, Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar Linnaeus, 1758) have experienced population declines, and in view of ongoing global warming, we tested if temperature during the earliest developmental stages modified body shape and fin size when temperatures averaged 2.6 vs. 5.6 °C. This temperature difference simulates increases predicted in climate change scenarios. Based on previous studies, we hypothesized that salmon originating from eggs subjected to cold incubation temperatures would have slimmer bodies and larger pectoral and dorsal fins than salmon from eggs that experienced warmer temperatures. After hatching, the juveniles were raised for 1 year under identical temperatures, after which we measured their body shape and fin areas. We found no support for our hypothesis regarding body shape. Indeed, we found the opposite, with cold-incubated salmon having deeper bodies than warm-incubated salmon. For fin size, the pectoral fins of cold-incubated salmon were larger than for warm-incubated salmon as predicted, but there was no difference in dorsal fin size. These results suggest that global warming may lead to altered body shape and fin size, possibly affecting swimming performance, and thus raise questions about the ecological consequences of the changes.

Effect of Nitrite on the Embryonic Development of Atlantic Salmon (Salmo salar)

1989 ◽  
Vol 46 (10) ◽  
pp. 1726-1729 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. M. Williams ◽  
F. B. Eddy
Keyword(s):  
Heart Rate ◽  
Atlantic Salmon ◽  
Salmo Salar ◽  
Growth And Development ◽  
Developmental Stages ◽  
Cardiovascular Effects ◽  
Environmental Implications ◽  
Atlantic Salmon Salmo Salar ◽  
Delayed Hatching

Effects of nitrite on eggs, alevins, and fry of Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) were studied and of these developmental stages eggs were the most resistant with a 24-h LC50 value of 3276 mg∙L−1 N∙NO2. Upon hatching tolerance sharply decreased, the 24-h LC50 value for early alevins (2940 mg∙L−1 N∙NO2) decreasing to 121.8 mg∙L−1 N∙NO2. Development in freshwater or dilute saline (10 mmol∙L−1 NaCl) proceeded normally without mortalities. Long-term exposure to nitrite concentrations as low as 14 mg∙L−1 N∙NO2 delayed hatching and retarded embryo growth and development as well as producing cardiovascular effects such as a reduced heart rate. The physiological and environmental implications of nitrite exposure are discussed.

Energy allocation among developmental stages, age groups, and types of Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) spawners

2003 ◽  
Vol 60 (5) ◽  
pp. 506-516 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nina Jonsson ◽  
Bror Jonsson
Keyword(s):  
Atlantic Salmon ◽  
Salmo Salar ◽  
Developmental Stages ◽  
Energy Content ◽  
Energy Allocation ◽  
Gonadal Development ◽  
Power Functions ◽  
Allocation Pattern ◽  
Atlantic Salmon Salmo Salar ◽  
Mature Parr

Relationships between energy density (kJ·100 g–1) and body length (mm), which varied between life-history stages of Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar), were described by power functions. The variation was chiefly caused by differences in lipid concentrations. Energy densities of maturing and rematuring parr were higher than those of similarly aged smolts. Monthly specific growth rate was higher in maturing parr than in salmon at sea. Mature parr males allocated relatively more energy to gonadal development and less to soma development than anadromous males. Spawning expenditure increased from 34 to 53% for 55- to 72-cm-long females. In males, similar losses were from 47 to 49% of their total energy content at river entry. More energy was used in reproduction in a long river than in a short one. Male allocation to gonads relative to soma was highest in the shorter river. Energy allocation pattern varied among developmental stages. Very energy-rich male parr rematured in subsequent years without going to sea; less energy-rich ones smolted and migrated to sea.

scholarly journals Expression analysis of sex-determining pathway genes during development in male and female Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar)

2015 ◽  
Vol 47 (12) ◽  
pp. 581-587 ◽  
Author(s):  
Krzysztof P. Lubieniecki ◽  
Natasha A. Botwright ◽  
Richard S. Taylor ◽  
Brad S. Evans ◽  
Mathew T. Cook ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Atlantic Salmon ◽  
Salmo Salar ◽  
Time Course ◽  
Developmental Stages ◽  
Sex Differentiation ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Expression Levels ◽  
Atlantic Salmon Salmo Salar ◽  
The Cross

We studied the expression of 28 genes that are involved in vertebrate sex-determination or sex-differentiation pathways, in male and female Atlantic salmon ( Salmo salar) in 11 stages of development from fertilization to after first feeding. Gene expression was measured in half-sibs that shared the same dam. The sire of family 1 was a sex-reversed female (i.e., genetically female but phenotypically male), and so the progeny of this family are all female. The sire of family 2 was a true male, and so the offspring were 50% male and 50% female. Gene expression levels were compared among three groups: 20 female offspring of the cross between a regular female and the sex-reversed female ( family 1, first group), ∼10 females from the cross between a regular female and a regular male ( family 2, second group) and ∼10 males from this same family ( family 2, third group). Statistically significant differences in expression levels between males and the two groups of females were observed for two genes, gsdf and amh/mis, in the last four developmental stages examined. SdY, the sex-determining gene in rainbow trout, appeared to be expressed in males from 58 days postfertilization (dpf). Starting at 83 dpf, ovarian aromatase, cyp19a, expression appeared to be greater in both groups of females compared with males, but this difference was not statistically significant. The time course of expression suggests that sdY may be involved in the upregulation of gsdf and amh/mis and the subsequent repression of cyp19a in males via the effect of amh/mis.

Microstructure and texture of fresh and smoked Atlantic salmon, Salmo salar L., fillets from fish reared and slaughtered under different conditions

2001 ◽  
Vol 32 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sjofn Sigurgisladottir ◽  
Margret S. Sigurdardottir ◽  
Helga Ingvarsdottir ◽  
Ole J. Torrissen ◽  
Hannes Hafsteinsson
Keyword(s):  
Atlantic Salmon ◽  
Salmo Salar ◽  
Atlantic Salmon Salmo Salar

Review of early developmental stages of trilobites and agnostids from the Barrandian area (Czech Republic)

2017 ◽  
Vol 186 (1) ◽  
pp. 103-112
Author(s):  
Lukáš Laibl ◽  
Oldřich Fatka
Keyword(s):  
Czech Republic ◽  
Developmental Stages ◽  
History Of Research ◽  
Early Developmental Stages ◽  
History Of ◽  
Barrandian Area ◽  
Early Developmental

This contribution briefly summarizes the history of research, modes of preservation and stratigraphic distribution of 51 trilobite and five agnostid taxa from the Barrandian area, for which the early developmental stages have been described.

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