Disposition of ethanol and acetaldehyde in maternal blood, fetal blood, and amniotic fluid of near-term pregnant rats

1991 ◽  
Vol 47 (2) ◽  
pp. 184-189 ◽  
Author(s):  
Masatoshi Hayashi ◽  
Yasuie Shimazaki ◽  
Shinichi Kamata ◽  
Norihide Kakiichi ◽  
Masashi Ikeda
Keyword(s):  
Amniotic Fluid ◽  
Maternal Blood ◽  
Fetal Blood ◽  
Pregnant Rats ◽  
Near Term

Pharmacokinetics of ethanol and its metabolite, acetaldehyde, and fetolethality in the third-trimester pregnant guinea pig for oral administration of acute, multiple-dose ethanol

1986 ◽  
Vol 64 (8) ◽  
pp. 1060-1067 ◽  
Author(s):  
David W. Clarke ◽  
Nancy A. E. Steenaart ◽  
Christopher J. Slack ◽  
James F. Brien
Keyword(s):  
Guinea Pig ◽  
Amniotic Fluid ◽  
Ethanol Concentration ◽  
Fetal Brain ◽  
Maternal Blood ◽  
Time Interval ◽  
Gas Liquid Chromatography ◽  
Fetal Blood ◽  
Third Trimester ◽  
The Third

The pharmacokinetics of ethanol and its metabolite, acetaldehyde, were determined in the third-trimester pregnant guinea pig (56–59 days gestation) for oral intubation of four doses of 1 g ethanol/kg maternal body weight, administered at 1-h intervals. Animals (n = 4–7) were sacrificed at each of selected times during the 26-h study. Ethanol and acetaldehyde concentrations were determined by headspace gas-liquid chromatography. The maternal and fetal blood ethanol concentration–time curves were virtually superimposable, which indicated unimpeded bidirectional placental transfer of ethanol in the matemal–fetal unit. The blood and brain ethanol concentrations were similar in each of the maternal and fetal compartments during the study, which indicated rapid equilibrium distribution of ethanol. There was accumulation of ethanol in the amniotic fluid resulting in higher ethanol concentration compared with maternal and fetal blood during the elimination phase, which indicated that the amniotic fluid may serve as a reservoir for ethanol in utero. Acetaldehyde was measurable in all the biological fluids and tissues at concentrations that were at least 1000-fold less than the respective ethanol concentrations and were variable. There was ethanol-induced fetolethality that was delayed and variable among animals, and was 55% at 23 h. At this time interval, the ethanol concentrations in maternal blood and brain, fetal brain, and amniotic fluid were 35- to 53-fold greater and the acetaldehyde concentrations in maternal blood and fetal brain were four- to five-fold higher in the animals with dead fetuses compared with the guinea pigs with live litters. These data indicated that decreased ethanol elimination from the maternal–fetal unit was related temporally to the fetolethality.

scholarly journals Immunohistochemical localization of procollagen types I and III during placentation in pregnant rats by type-specific procollagen antibodies.

1994 ◽  
Vol 42 (11) ◽  
pp. 1453-1461 ◽  
Author(s):  
M Kitaoka ◽  
K Iyama ◽  
H Yoshioka ◽  
M Monda ◽  
G Usuku
Keyword(s):  
Cell Layer ◽  
Maternal Blood ◽  
Immunohistochemical Localization ◽  
Fetal Blood ◽  
Placental Development ◽  
Developmentally Regulated ◽  
Pregnant Rats ◽  
Pregnant Rat ◽  
Blood Capillaries ◽  
Trophoblastic Cells

To examine the sequential localizations of procollagen Types I (Pro I) and III (Pro III) during chorioallantoic placental formation in pregnant rats, we prepared polyclonal anti-rat Pro I- and III-specific antibodies. Biochemical analysis of a fraction containing [14C]-glycine-incorporated collagen from pregnant rat uteri showed that collagen Types I and III were actively synthesized during placental development. We examined 8-, 9.5-, 13-, and 20-day gestation rat uteri immunohistochemically. At Days 8 and 9.5, in the basal decidua facing the fetal cytotrophoblastic giant cell layer and implantation site, the immunoreactivity for Pro I was higher than that for Pro III. On Day 13, the enlarged myometrium and cytotrophoblastic cell layer showed increased immunoreactivity for Pro III. Unexpectedly, polygonal trophoblastic cells invading and modifying the maternal central artery showed intense immunoreactivity for Pro III. On Day 20, the fetal mesenchyme, large fetal blood vessels, and subendothelial stroma, including fetal blood capillaries, were more immunoreactive to Pro III antibody than to Pro I antibody in the labyrinth. Pro I and III synthesis and processing appear to be developmentally regulated and may be related to control of the microenvironment for supporting the fetus, control of the maternal blood supply stabilizing the fetoplacental physiological functions, and parturition.

Distribution of relaxin between human maternal and fetal circulations and amniotic fluid

1992 ◽  
Vol 134 (2) ◽  
pp. 313-317 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. R. Johnson ◽  
A. Abbas ◽  
K. H. Nicolaides ◽  
S. L. Lightman
Keyword(s):  
Amniotic Fluid ◽  
Placental Transfer ◽  
Geometric Mean ◽  
Maternal Blood ◽  
Fetal Blood ◽  
Maternal Circulation ◽  
Blood Samples

ABSTRACT Relaxin was measured in maternal blood and amniotic fluid samples at 9–40 weeks and in fetal blood samples at 19–41 weeks of pregnancy. In amniotic fluid, concentrations of relaxin rose from 58 ng/1 (geometric mean) at 10 weeks to 142 ng/l at 14 weeks and declined subsequently to 55 ng/l at 22 weeks. In maternal blood, mean relaxin concentrations were ten times greater than in amniotic fluid, and concentrations decreased with gestation. Since there was no significant association between the relaxin concentrations in the two compartments, relaxin in the amniotic fluid may be derived from the decidualized endometrium rather than the maternal circulation, alternatively its metabolism may be different in the two compartments. The absence of detectable concentrations of relaxin in any of the fetal blood samples demonstrates that there is no significant placental transfer or fetal synthesis of this peptide. Journal of Endocrinology (1992) 134, 313–317

Disposition of barbiturates in maternal blood, fetal blood, and amniotic fluid

1969 ◽  
Vol 105 (7) ◽  
pp. 1069-1071 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gerald Carrier ◽  
Arthur S. Hume ◽  
Ben H. Douglas ◽  
Winfred L. Wiser
Keyword(s):  
Amniotic Fluid ◽  
Maternal Blood ◽  
Fetal Blood

scholarly journals Calcium concentrations in maternal and fetal blood and in amniotic fluid from pregnant rats.

1984 ◽  
Vol 46 (2) ◽  
pp. 239-242 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ikuko HARADA ◽  
Kenichiro ONO ◽  
Atsuhiko HASEGAWA ◽  
Isamu TOMODA
Keyword(s):  
Amniotic Fluid ◽  
Fetal Blood ◽  
Pregnant Rats

Measurement of interleukin-1 alpha and interleukin-6 in pregnancy-associated tissues

1996 ◽  
Vol 8 (7) ◽  
pp. 1069 ◽  
Author(s):  
L Gunn ◽  
P Hardiman ◽  
S Tharmaratnam ◽  
D Lowe ◽  
T Chard
Keyword(s):  
Amniotic Fluid ◽  
Interleukin 1 ◽  
Elective Caesarean Section ◽  
Maternal Blood ◽  
Fetal Membranes ◽  
Fetal Blood ◽  
Tissue Extracts ◽  
Arterial Blood ◽  
Term Labour ◽  
In Pregnancy

The concentrations of interleukin-1 alpha (IL-1 alpha) and IL-6 in pregnancy-associated tissues were investigated in term labour and delivery in the absence of labour (elective Caesarean section). Samples of amniotic fluid, placenta, fetal membranes, umbilical venous and, where possible, umbilical arterial blood were collected at delivery (37-41 weeks of gestation). Maternal blood was sampled during labour. Fluid and tissue extracts were assayed for IL-1 alpha and IL-6 by radioimmunoassay. Placenta and membranes were examined histologically for evidence of infection. Concentrations of IL-1 alpha and IL-6 in amniotic fluid and membrane extract, and IL-1 alpha in maternal and fetal blood, were raised after the onset of labour. Concentrations of both cytokines in the placenta remained unchanged. There was a good correlation between concentrations of both cytokines in amniotic fluid and membranes. There was also a significant correlation between concentrations of IL-1 alpha and IL-6 in amniotic fluid, placenta and membranes. It is suggested that the fetal membranes or maternal decidua, but not the placenta, internal fetal or maternal tissues, are the main sources of IL-1 alpha and IL-6 during labour.

Parathyroid hormone concentrations in maternal and fetal blood and in amniotic fluid from pregnant rats.

1984 ◽  
Vol 46 (6) ◽  
pp. 893-896
Author(s):  
Ikuko HARADA ◽  
Kenichiro ONO ◽  
Atsuhiko HASEGAWA ◽  
Isamu TOMODA
Keyword(s):  
Parathyroid Hormone ◽  
Amniotic Fluid ◽  
Fetal Blood ◽  
Pregnant Rats

The role of fetal urinary excretion in the transfer of ethanol into amniotic fluid after maternal administration of ethanol to the near-term pregnant ewe

1987 ◽  
Vol 65 (6) ◽  
pp. 1120-1124 ◽  
Author(s):  
David W. Clarke ◽  
John Patrick ◽  
Mary E. Wlodek ◽  
Graeme N. Smith ◽  
Bryan Richardson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Urinary Excretion ◽  
Amniotic Fluid ◽  
Maternal Blood ◽  
Fetal Urine ◽  
Major Route ◽  
Near Term ◽  
Pregnant Ewe ◽  
Maternal Administration

The objective of this study was to determine whether fetal urinary excretion is a major route of ethanol transfer into the amniotic fluid surrounding the fetus following maternal administration of ethanol. Conscious instrumented pregnant ewes between 130 and 137 days' gestation (term, 147 days) with (n = 3) or without (n = 3) a catheter in the fetal bladder were administered 1 g ethanol/kg maternal body weight as a 1-h maternal intravenous infusion. Maternal blood, fetal blood, and amniotic fluid samples were collected at selected times, and fetal urine was collected continuously from the bladder-cannulated fetus during the 14-h study for the determination of ethanol concentrations. Fetal urinary excretion of ethanol occurred, and the total amount of ethanol excreted represented 0.30 ± 0.07 (SD)% of the maternal ethanol dose. The renal clearance of ethanol by the fetus was 0.43 ± 0.06 mL/min. The pharmacokinetics of ethanol in the maternal–fetal unit and the amniotic fluid for the bladder-cannulated fetal preparation were similar to the data for the nonbladder-cannulated preparation. The data indicate that fetal urinary excretion of ethanol is a secondary route of ethanol transfer into the amniotic fluid. It would appear that diffusion of ethanol across membranes from the maternal and fetal circulations is a major route of ethanol transfer into this intrauterine compartment.

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