The pulmonary circulation of some domestic animals at high altitude

1988 ◽  
Vol 32 (1) ◽  
pp. 56-64 ◽  
Author(s):  
I. Anand ◽  
D. Heath ◽  
D. Williams ◽  
M. Deen ◽  
R. Ferrari ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Altitude ◽  
Pulmonary Circulation ◽  
Domestic Animals

Endogenous nitric oxide and pulmonary circulation response to hypoxia in high-altitude adapted Tibetan sheep

2004 ◽  
Vol 93 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 190-195 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zonghai Ruan ◽  
Tomonobu Koizumi ◽  
Akio Sakai ◽  
Takeshi Ishizaki ◽  
Zhangang Wang
Keyword(s):  
Nitric Oxide ◽  
High Altitude ◽  
Pulmonary Circulation ◽  
Tibetan Sheep ◽  
Endogenous Nitric Oxide

scholarly journals SIMULATION OF THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN EXERCISE AND CARDIOPULMONARY FUNCTION AT HIGH ALTITUDE

2021 ◽  
Vol 27 (5) ◽  
pp. 509-513
Author(s):  
Rui Li
Keyword(s):  
Heart Rate ◽  
Arterial Pressure ◽  
Oxygen Saturation ◽  
High Altitude ◽  
Lower Limb ◽  
Pulmonary Circulation ◽  
Blood Oxygen ◽  
Blood Oxygen Saturation ◽  
Cardiopulmonary Function ◽  
The Relationship

ABSTRACT Introduction: Due to various uncertain and unexpected factors in life such as diseases, natural disasters, traffic accidents, and congenital disabilities, the number and proportion of lower limb amputations are still rising for many reasons, so the research on lower limb prostheses is particularly important. Objective: This work aimed to study the relationship between altitude exercise and cardiopulmonary function. Methods: A model of abnormal changes in cardiopulmonary function was established, and then 40 plateau exercisers were selected, all of whom arrived in Tibet in March 2017. The relationship between pulmonary circulation volume and internal pressure in the chest was observed and compared. The relationship between cardiopulmonary sensory reflex and exercise (high altitude) breathing and heart rate was analyzed. A comparison of the cardiopulmonary function of subjects of different genders was implemented. Moreover, the influence of different altitudes on the subjects’ cardiopulmonary function and the subjects’ cardiopulmonary function changes before departure and during the first, second, and third week after departure were observed and compared. Results: I. As the pressure in the thoracic cavity increased, the subjects’ pulmonary circulation blood volume gradually decreased, and the decrease was most obvious in the stage of thoracic pressure −50 to 0. II. As the cardiorespiratory reflex coefficient increased, the subjects’ breathing and heart rate compensatory acceleration appeared. III. Tracking and monitoring of the subjects’ cardiopulmonary indicators revealed that with the increase in altitude, the subjects’ average arterial pressure, respiratory frequency, and heart rate all showed an upward trend, while the blood oxygen saturation value showed a downward trend. IV. No matter how high the altitude was, the average arterial pressure, respiratory rate, and heart rate monitored of the subjects under exercise were significantly superior to the indicator values under resting state. In contrast, the blood oxygen saturation value showed the opposite trend. V. The subjects’ average arterial pressure, respiration, and heart rate in the first week were higher than other periods, but the blood oxygen saturation was relatively lower. In the second and third weeks, the changes in cardiopulmonary function were relatively smooth (all P<0.05). VI. The changes in the index of the cardiopulmonary function of subjects of different genders were small (p>0.05). Conclusion: Through modeling, the results of the plateau environment on the cardiopulmonary function of the body were made clearer, and these research data provided theoretical references for the training of the sports field in the plateau area. Level of evidence II; Therapeutic studies - investigation of treatment results.

Effect of oxygen upon pulmonary circulation in acclimatized man at high altitude

1965 ◽  
Vol 20 (2) ◽  
pp. 239-243 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. N. Hultgren ◽  
J. Kelly ◽  
H. Miller
Keyword(s):  
Pulmonary Artery ◽  
High Altitude ◽  
Sea Level ◽  
Pulmonary Artery Pressure ◽  
Pulmonary Circulation ◽  
Arterial Oxygen ◽  
Artery Pressure ◽  
Oxygen Breathing ◽  
Hypoxic Vasoconstriction ◽  
Arteriolar Resistance

The response to breathing 100% oxygen was studied in 26 acclimatized residents of the Peruvian Andes at altitudes of 12,300 and 14,200 ft. Arterial oxygen saturation increased from 86% to 96%. Mean pulmonary artery pressure decreased by 5 mm Hg and cardiac output did not change. Calculated pulmonary arteriolar resistance was lowered. Pulmonary artery pressure during oxygen breathing was not decreased to normal values observed at sea level. The data suggest the presence of two factors responsible for the increase in pulmonary arteriolar resistance at high altitude: 1) hypoxic vasoconstriction which is reversed by oxygen breathing and 2) anatomic alterations which are not affected by oxygen breathing. Oxygen breathing at high altitude also produced a slowing of the heart rate and increased the relative height of the secondary or tidal wave of the brachial arterial pressure pulse. pulmonary arteriolar resistance and 100% oxygen; arterial pulse contour–effect of 100% oxygen at high altitude; pulmonary arteriolar resistance–nature of in high altitude; hypoxic vasoconstriction at high altitude–reversal by 100% oxygen breathing; oxygen breathing–comparison of effect on pulmonary circulation at high altitude and sea level Submitted on May 8, 1964

Functional and structural adaptation of the yak pulmonary circulation to residence at high altitude

1993 ◽  
Vol 74 (5) ◽  
pp. 2276-2285 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. G. Durmowicz ◽  
S. Hofmeister ◽  
T. K. Kadyraliev ◽  
A. A. Aldashev ◽  
K. R. Stenmark
Keyword(s):  
Smooth Muscle ◽  
Endothelial Cell ◽  
Pulmonary Artery ◽  
High Altitude ◽  
Pulmonary Circulation ◽  
Vascular Reactivity ◽  
Cell Function ◽  
Pulmonary Arteries ◽  
Structural Adaptation ◽  
Endothelial Cell Function

The high-altitude (HA) native yak (Bos grunniens) has successfully adapted to chronic hypoxia (CH) despite being in the same genus as domestic cows, which are known for their great hypoxic pulmonary vasoconstrictor responses (HPVRs), muscular pulmonary arteries, and development of severe pulmonary hypertension on exposure to CH. To determine possible mechanisms by which the pulmonary circulation may adapt to CH, yak pulmonary vascular reactivity to both vasoconstrictor and vasodilator stimuli and yak pulmonary artery structure were assessed. Hypoxia caused a small but significant HPVR, and norepinephrine infusion caused a greater rise in pulmonary arterial pressure (Ppa) than did hypoxia. Acetylcholine, an endothelium-dependent vasodilator, had no effect on Ppa but lowered pulmonary resistance (Rp) by causing an increase in cardiac output. Sodium nitroprusside, an endothelium-independent vasodilator, decreased both Ppa and Rp significantly. Yak small pulmonary arteries had a 4.1 +/- 0.1% medial thickness, with vessels < or = 100 microns devoid of smooth muscle. Yak pulmonary artery endothelial cells were much longer, wider, and rounder in appearance than those of domestic cows. Thus the yak has successfully adapted to HA conditions by maintaining both a blunted HPVR and thin-walled pulmonary vessels. Differences in both endothelial cell morphology and response to acetylcholine between the yak and those reported in the domestic cow suggest the adaptation to HA may include changes not only in the amount of pulmonary vascular smooth muscle but in endothelial cell function and structure as well.

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