Quantification of constitutive endothelial and inducible nitric oxide synthase mRNA by competitive reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction

2011 ◽  
Vol 10 (01) ◽  
pp. 5-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jörg Bojunga ◽  
Ralf Kurek ◽  
Heiner Renneberg ◽  
Klaus Usadel ◽  
Klaus Kusterer
Keyword(s):  
Nitric Oxide ◽  
Polymerase Chain Reaction ◽  
Nitric Oxide Synthase ◽  
Inducible Nitric Oxide Synthase ◽  
Reverse Transcription ◽  
Chain Reaction ◽  
Polymerase Chain ◽  
Oxide Synthase ◽  
Inducible Nitric Oxide

Effect of NOS Inhibitor on Cytokine and COX2 Expression in Rat Pulpitis

2005 ◽  
Vol 84 (8) ◽  
pp. 762-767 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. Kawashima ◽  
H. Nakano-Kawanishi ◽  
N. Suzuki ◽  
M. Takagi ◽  
H. Suda
Keyword(s):  
Nitric Oxide ◽  
Polymerase Chain Reaction ◽  
Nitric Oxide Synthase ◽  
Inducible Nitric Oxide Synthase ◽  
Reverse Transcription ◽  
Chain Reaction ◽  
Nos Inhibitor ◽  
Polymerase Chain ◽  
Oxide Synthase ◽  
Inducible Nitric Oxide

Various kinds of chemical mediators are synthesized in the course of pulpitis; thus, control of their production would assist in inducing a reduction in pulpal inflammation. We hypothesized that nitric oxide (NO) would be an important mediator of pulpal inflammation. Pulpal inflammation was induced by the application of LPS in rat incisor pulp, and inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) expression was evaluated by reverse-transcription/polymerase chain-reaction and immunohistochemical staining. After LPS application, iNOS mRNA was first detected after 3 hrs, peaked at 6 hrs, and decreased thereafter. iNOS-positive cells were macrophages and neutrophils. An NOS inhibitor caused drastic decreases in the expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines and COX2 mRNA, which was highly induced in the LPS-induced pulpitis. These results indicate that NO synthesis is related to the initiation of mediator production, and that its down-regulation should contribute to the prevention of pro-inflammatory mediator synthesis. Abbreviations: ANOVA, analysis of variance; COX2, cyclo-oxygenase 2; EDTA, ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid; iNOS, inducible nitric oxide synthase; IL, interleukin; L-NAME, NG-nitro L-arginine methyl ester; LPS, lipopolysaccharide; NO, nitric oxide; NOS, nitric oxide synthases; PG, prostaglandin; RT-PCR, reverse-transcription/polymerase chain-reaction; TNFα, tumor necrosis factor alpha.

Hypothalamic nitric oxide synthase is depressed in cholestatic rats

1997 ◽  
Vol 272 (5) ◽  
pp. G1034-G1040 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. G. Swain ◽  
T. Le ◽  
A. W. Tigley ◽  
P. Beck
Keyword(s):  
Nitric Oxide ◽  
Polymerase Chain Reaction ◽  
Steady State ◽  
Nitric Oxide Synthase ◽  
Mrna Levels ◽  
Chain Reaction ◽  
Bile Duct Resection ◽  
Protein Levels ◽  
Polymerase Chain ◽  
Oxide Synthase

We examined hypothalamic nitric oxide synthase (NOS) levels and release as well as steady-state mRNA levels in rats with cholestasis due to bile duct resection (BDR) and in sham-resected control rats. BDR rats had a significant reduction in hypothalamic NOS-containing neurons in the hypothalamic paraventricular nucleus as determined by NADPH-diaphorase staining, compared with sham-resected controls. In addition, NOS activity, measured indirectly by determining nitrite release from hypothalamic explants, was significantly lower in BDR rats compared with sham-resected animals. Hypothalamic steady-state NOS mRNA levels [brain constitutive NOS (bNOS)] were determined by semiquantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction and were found to be increased 1.5-fold in BDR rats compared with sham rats. In summary, BDR rats have diminished hypothalamic NOS levels and activity coupled with enhanced steady-state bNOS mRNA levels, suggesting that depressed hypothalamic NOS protein levels are due to posttranscriptional defects.

Cerebellar stimulation reduces inducible nitric oxide synthase expression and protects brain from ischemia

1998 ◽  
Vol 274 (6) ◽  
pp. H2035-H2045 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elena Galea ◽  
Eugene V. Golanov ◽  
Douglas L. Feinstein ◽  
Keith A. Kobylarz ◽  
Sara B. Glickstein ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nitric Oxide ◽  
Nitric Oxide Synthase ◽  
Inducible Nitric Oxide Synthase ◽  
Inos Mrna ◽  
Cerebral Microvessels ◽  
Spontaneously Hypertensive ◽  
Polymerase Chain ◽  
Oxide Synthase ◽  
Inducible Nitric Oxide ◽  
Stimulation Of

A focal infarction produced by occlusion of the middle cerebral artery (MCAO) in spontaneously hypertensive rats induced expression of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) mRNA, measured by competitive reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction. The mRNA appeared simultaneously in the ischemic core and penumbra at 8 h, peaked between 14 and 24 h, and disappeared by 48 h. At 24 h, inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS)-like immunoreactivity was present in the endothelium of cerebral microvessels and in scattered cells, probably representing leukocytes or activated microglia. Electrical stimulation of the cerebellar fastigial nucleus (FN) for 1 h, 48 h before MCAO, reduced infarct volumes by 45% by decreasing cellular death in the ischemic penumbra. It also reduced by >90% the expression of iNOS mRNA and protein in the penumbra, but not core, and decreased by 44% the iNOS enzyme activity. We conclude that excitation of neuronal networks represented in the cerebellum elicits a conditioned central neurogenic neuroprotection associated with the downregulation of iNOS mRNA and protein. This neuroimmune interaction may, by blocking the expression of iNOS, contribute to neuroprotection.

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