Trace-elements in sheep grazing near a lead-zinc smelting complex at Port Pirie, South Australia

1986 ◽  
Vol 37 (1) ◽  
pp. 87-95 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. -S. Koh ◽  
G. J. Judson
Keyword(s):  
Trace Elements ◽  
South Australia ◽  
Sheep Grazing ◽  
Zinc Smelting ◽  
Lead Zinc ◽  
Smelting Complex

scholarly journals Thallium, nickel, cobalt and other trace elements in iron sulfides from belgian lead-zinc vein deposits

1983 ◽  
Vol 18 (S2) ◽  
Author(s):  
J.C. Duchesne ◽  
A. Rouhart ◽  
C. Schoumacher ◽  
H. Dillen
Keyword(s):  
Trace Elements ◽  
Iron Sulfides ◽  
Nickel Cobalt ◽  
Lead Zinc ◽  
Vein Deposits

scholarly journals Multivariate Statistical Analysis of Trace Elements in Pyrite: Prediction, Bias and Artefacts in Defining Mineral Signatures

Minerals ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 61 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marija Dmitrijeva ◽  
Nigel J. Cook ◽  
Kathy Ehrig ◽  
Cristiana L. Ciobanu ◽  
Andrew V. Metcalfe ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Trace Elements ◽  
Statistical Analysis ◽  
Trace Element ◽  
South Australia ◽  
Large Datasets ◽  
Ore Deposits ◽  
Partial Replacement ◽  
Multivariate Statistical ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Olympic Dam

Pyrite is the most common sulphide in a wide range of ore deposits and well known to host numerous trace elements, with implications for recovery of valuable metals and for generation of clean concentrates. Trace element signatures of pyrite are also widely used to understand ore-forming processes. Pyrite is an important component of the Olympic Dam Cu–U–Au–Ag orebody, South Australia. Using a multivariate statistical approach applied to a large trace element dataset derived from analysis of random pyrite grains, trace element signatures in Olympic Dam pyrite are assessed. Pyrite is characterised by: (i) a Ag–Bi–Pb signature predicting inclusions of tellurides (as PC1); and (ii) highly variable Co–Ni ratios likely representing an oscillatory zonation pattern in pyrite (as PC2). Pyrite is a major host for As, Co and probably also Ni. These three elements do not correlate well at the grain-scale, indicating high variability in zonation patterns. Arsenic is not, however, a good predictor for invisible Au at Olympic Dam. Most pyrites contain only negligible Au, suggesting that invisible gold in pyrite is not commonplace within the deposit. A minority of pyrite grains analysed do, however, contain Au which correlates with Ag, Bi and Te. The results are interpreted to reflect not only primary patterns but also the effects of multi-stage overprinting, including cycles of partial replacement and recrystallisation. The latter may have caused element release from the pyrite lattice and entrapment as mineral inclusions, as widely observed for other ore and gangue minerals within the deposit. Results also show the critical impact on predictive interpretations made from statistical analysis of large datasets containing a large percentage of left-censored values (i.e., those falling below the minimum limits of detection). The treatment of such values in large datasets is critical as the number of these values impacts on the cluster results. Trimming of datasets to eliminate artefacts introduced by left-censored data should be performed with caution lest bias be unintentionally introduced. The practice may, however, reveal meaningful correlations that might be diluted using the complete dataset.

The impact of sheep grazing on the depth of spider burrows and of burrows selected by the pygmy bluetongue lizard (Tiliqua adelaidensis)

2016 ◽  
Vol 43 (8) ◽  
pp. 691 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jessica Clayton ◽  
Michael Bull
Keyword(s):  
Endangered Species ◽  
South Australia ◽  
Sheep Grazing ◽  
Vegetative Cover ◽  
Austral Spring ◽  
Essential Component ◽  
Grazing Sheep ◽  
Essential Resource ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Domestic Stock

Context Grazing by domestic stock can potentially influence ecosystems positively or negatively, depending on the grazing regime and intensity. The pygmy bluetongue lizard (Tiliqua adelaidensis) is an endangered species, restricted to fragmented grasslands in the Mid North region of South Australia, predominantly grazed by sheep. These lizards refuge in vertical burrows. They do not dig their own burrows, instead relying on co-existing spiders for this essential resource. Aims We investigated how sheep grazing influenced spider burrows, and predicted the following: that grazing sheep might trample and destroy shallow burrows; that burrows in grazed habitat with less vegetative cover would have higher temperatures in summer; and that, by way of compensation, spiders would dig deeper burrows in grazed habitat. Methods We monitored 12 30m×30m plots monthly, over two austral spring/summer periods (September–March 2012–14). We recorded the number, depth and occupant of all spider burrows in those plots in each survey. We also measured temperatures inside artificial burrows in grazed and ungrazed habitat over a 3-day period in September 2014. Key results Mean burrow depth increased with grazing. This was not because individual burrows became deeper, but because the shallowest burrows were lost where there were sheep. Burrows were significantly hotter in grazed habitat, but lizards consistently chose deeper, cooler burrows. In the subset of burrows that were occupied by lizards, there was no difference in depth between grazed and ungrazed treatments. We detected no difference in spider digging activity between grazed and ungrazed plots. Conclusions Sheep grazing can destroy shallow burrows, probably through trampling, and because sheep produce burrow filling debris. However, grazing did not affect deeper burrows occupied by pygmy bluetongue lizards. Implications This short study indicated that moderate levels of grazing have low impact on deeper burrows suitable for pygmy bluetongue lizards and for lizard persistence. It explains how sheep and lizards have co-occurred for so long, but leaves open the question of how the loss of shallow burrows affects populations of the burrow-digging spiders that are an essential component of the lizard environment.

Petrography and Geochemistry of Some Basic Sills and Dykes from Southern Rhenish Schiefergebirge

1967 ◽  
Vol 104 (1) ◽  
pp. 35-45 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. G. Schulze ◽  
Essam E. El-Hinnawi
Keyword(s):  
Trace Elements ◽  
Geochemical Characteristics ◽  
Lead Zinc

AbstractThe petrographical and geochemical characteristics of some basic sills and dykes from Southern Rhenish Schiefergebirge are described. The dykes are generally more altered than the sills and are classified into two types according to their relation to the lead-zinc veins found in the area. The distribution of some trace elements in the sills and dykes is given and the nature and mechanism of alteration are discussed.

Herbage mass thresholds rather than plant phenology are a more useful cue for grazing management decisions in the mid-north region of South Australia

2010 ◽  
Vol 32 (4) ◽  
pp. 379 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lewis P. Kahn ◽  
Judi M. Earl ◽  
Millie Nicholls
Keyword(s):  
Perennial Grass ◽  
South Australia ◽  
Plant Phenology ◽  
Perennial Grasses ◽  
Grazing Management ◽  
Plant Production ◽  
Sheep Grazing ◽  
Management Decisions ◽  
Basal Cover ◽  
Seasonal Grazing

Research was conducted in the mid-north of South Australia over the period 2000–05 to evaluate the effects of different grazing management cues on composition and production of a grassland. The management cues were based on calendar, plant phenology or herbage mass thresholds using grazing exclusion as a control. There were five grazing treatments: (i) regional practice (RP), where sheep grazed continuously for the period April–December; (ii) autumn rest, where sheep grazing was restricted to June–December; (iii) spring rest, where sheep grazing was restricted to April–August; (iv) high density and short duration (HDSD), where herbage mass thresholds determined when grazing occurred and for what duration; and (v) nil (NIL) grazing by domestic herbivores. Mean annual estimates of herbage mass were highest for NIL and HDSD and inclusion of the estimate of herbage consumption by sheep resulted in greatest primary plant production in HDSD. The contribution of perennial grasses to herbage mass declined with RP and seasonal grazing treatments. Frequency of perennial grasses was unaffected by grazing treatment but the number of perennial grass plants increased over time in RP and seasonal treatments. HDSD allowed maintenance of basal cover whereas bare ground increased with RP and seasonal treatments. Litter accumulated in NIL but this was associated with a decline in perennial basal cover. Seasonal grazing treatments did not provide an advantage over RP and there appeared to be no benefit from including phenology in management decisions. In contrast, HDSD resulted in a stable and productive grassland ecosystem, with stocking rate estimated at 78% greater than other treatments. These features offer a desirable mix for future industry adoption in the mid-north of South Australia.

The distribution of trace elements in some South Australian red-brown earths

1957 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 246 ◽  
Author(s):  
RM McKenzie
Keyword(s):  
Trace Elements ◽  
South Australia ◽  
Mobile Elements ◽  
Soil Horizons ◽  
Surface Soils ◽  
Mean Values ◽  
Pattern Of Variation ◽  
Individual Profiles ◽  
Maximum Minimum ◽  
Distribution Of Trace Elements

The maximum, minimum, and mean values for six trace elements in four soil horizons are reported for 14 profiles of red-brown earths from South Australia, and the pattern of variation and distribution of these elements discussed. The elements studied could be arranged in a series of decreasing mobility in the soil, the order being cobalt > copper > gallium > vanadium > molybdenum > manganese. The most mobile elements had greater variations within profiles and, except for manganese, greater variations between profiles. Gallium, vanadium, and molybdenum contents were correlated with the amount of clay present in all surface soils, as well as in individual profiles, whereas cobalt and copper contents were correlated with clay only in individual profiles.

Concentrations and speciation of lead, zinc and cadmium in seawater-like smelter effluent and adjacent marine environments, Port Pirie, South Australia

1983 ◽  
Vol 34 (3) ◽  
pp. 375 ◽  
Author(s):  
J Ferguson
Keyword(s):  
South Australia ◽  
Tidal Channel ◽  
Significant Extent ◽  
Dissolved Metals ◽  
Metal Concentrations ◽  
Near Surface ◽  
Unicellular Algae ◽  
Particulate Metal ◽  
Lead Zinc ◽  
High Concentrations

High concentrations of particulate and dissolved lead, zinc and cadmium (total dissolved Pb, 750�g l-1; Zn, 4300�g 1-1; Cd, 64 �g l-1; particulate Pb, 236 �g l-1; Zn, 64 �g l-1; Cd, < 1 �g l-1) occur in seawater- like effluent from a lead-zinc smelting complex at Port Pirie. This effluent is discharged through a silled tidal channel into the offshore marine environment, where dilution by seawater eventually reduces the metal concentrations to values similar to those in near-surface seawater in Spencer Gulf, remote from centres of industrial activity (average total dissolved Pb, 0 4 �g 1-1; Zn, < 10 μg l-1; Cd, 0 3 �g l-1; average particulate Pb, <0.05 �g l-1; Zn, 0 21 �g I-1). Precipitation of dissolved metals or conversion of originally weakly complexed dissolved metals to more strongly complexed species does not occur to a significant extent. Particulate metal concentrations are influenced by resuspension of metal-rich sediments and by uptake of dissolved cadmium by unicellular algae that grow in the tidal channel.

The geophysical signature of the Paleoproterozoic Menninnie Dam lead-zinc-silver prospect, South Australia

2003 ◽  
Vol 2003 (3) ◽  
pp. 59-66
Author(s):  
Nigel Hungerford ◽  
Jovan Silic ◽  
Mike Dentith
Keyword(s):  
South Australia ◽  
Lead Zinc
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