Standard free-air chamber with magnetic field forX-or γ-rays up to about 50 MeV

1963 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
pp. 195-197 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. Joyet
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Field ◽  
Free Air ◽  
Air Chamber ◽  
Γ Rays

scholarly journals The internal conversion of gamma-rays.—Part II

1928 ◽  
Vol 121 (787) ◽  
pp. 447-456
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Field ◽  
Quantum Mechanics ◽  
Wave Equation ◽  
Gamma Rays ◽  
Internal Conversion ◽  
Scalar Potential ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Electro Magnetic Field ◽  
Γ Rays ◽  
Electro Magnetic

In a previous paper the absorption of γ-rays in the K-X-ray levels of the atom in which they are emitted was calculated according to the Quantum Mechanics, supposing the γ-rays to be emitted from a doublet of moment f ( t ) at the centre of the atom. The non-relativity wave equation derived from the relativity wave equation for an electron of charge — ε moving in an electro-magnetic field of vector potential K and scalar potential V is h 2 ∇ 2 ϕ + 2μ ( ih ∂/∂ t + εV + ih ε/μ c (K. grad)) ϕ = 0. (1) Suppose, however, that K involves the space co-ordinates. Then, (K. grad) ϕ ≠ (grad . K) ϕ , and the expression (K . grad) ϕ is not Hermitic. Equation (1) cannot therefore be the correct non-relativity wave equation for a single electron in an electron agnetic field, and we must substitute h 2 ∇ 2 ϕ + 2μ ( ih ∂/∂ t + εV) ϕ + ih ε/ c ((K. grad) ϕ + (grad. K) ϕ ) = 0. (2)

scholarly journals The Röntgen: Deficiencies in Present-day Free-Air Chamber Standards

Nature ◽  
1953 ◽  
Vol 172 (4366) ◽  
pp. 35-35 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. A. W. KEMP
Keyword(s):  
Free Air ◽  
Air Chamber

An Experimental Analysis of Vibration Induced Behaviour in Magnetorheological Fluids

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paul-Alexis Novikoff ◽  
Laurent Eck ◽  
Moustapha Hafez
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Field ◽  
Rotation Axis ◽  
Cylinder Surface ◽  
Stress Variation ◽  
Particle Chain ◽  
Free Air ◽  
Magneto Rheological ◽  
Magnetic Poles ◽  
The Magnetic Field ◽  
Viscosity Dependence

Magneto-rheological fluids (MRF) are commonly applied in MRF brakes and vibration damping. The apparent viscosity dependence with respect to the magnetic field has been addressed in detail in the state of the art. The aim of this paper is to experimentally study the vibration effects on the particle chain-like structures and, as a consequence, the shear stress variation applied to the fluid. Three vibration configurations have been applied to a ferromagnetic cylinder rotating between two magnetic poles filled with MRF a “Z-vibration” where the generated displacement is along the rotation axis of the shearing cylinder, a “θ-vibration”, tangential to the cylinder, and an “R-vibration”, normal to the cylinder surface. First we focus on the vibration mode characterisation in free air, and then when plunged in the fluid. In a second step, we measure the reactive torque generated on the clutch under different magnetic field intensities with different rotation speeds and vibration amplitudes. It appears that the “R-vibration” configuration is providing the most influence, up to 20% of torque reduction observed at moderate B field. The “Z-vibration” and the “θ-vibration” configurations respectively have less influence on the torque, nevertheless vibrations always tend to decrease the corresponding yield stress in the MRF.

scholarly journals The Milky Way Disk Warp

1989 ◽  
Vol 120 ◽  
pp. 537-537 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. Florido ◽  
E. Battaner ◽  
E. Alfaro ◽  
M.L. Sanchez-Saavedra
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Field ◽  
Milky Way ◽  
Magellanic Clouds ◽  
Open Clusters ◽  
Late Type ◽  
Tidal Interaction ◽  
Different Ages ◽  
Γ Rays ◽  
Intergalactic Magnetic Field

A warped disk in our own galaxy is evident by means of HI, HII, γ-rays and dust observations, but unexistent when star distributions are considered, specially those of late type stars. This fact is in disagreement with the theories which assume a gravitational origin of warps, for instance a tidal interaction with the Magellanic Clouds. We tried to find the z-distribution of open clusters of different ages, for which a warp distribution was neither found nor rejected. Assuming an intergalactic magnetic field origin of the warp, we obtain a direction of the field in the Milky Way neighborhood given by (b,1) = (45°, 74°).

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