Postoperative analgesic effects of an external cooling system and intra-articular bupivacaine/morphine after arthroscopic cruciate ligament surgery

1996 ◽  
Vol 4 (4) ◽  
pp. 200-205 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sveinbjörn Brandsson ◽  
Bengt Rydgren ◽  
Thomas Hedner ◽  
Olof Lundin ◽  
Leif Sward ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cooling System ◽  
Cruciate Ligament ◽  
Analgesic Effects ◽  
External Cooling

Plastic pipe solidification in extrusion

2018 ◽  
Vol 38 (6) ◽  
pp. 591-603
Author(s):  
Pongthep Poungthong ◽  
Chanyut Kolitawong ◽  
Chaimongkol Saengow ◽  
Alan Jeffrey Giacomin
Keyword(s):  
Residual Stress ◽  
Cooling System ◽  
Outer Wall ◽  
Solidification Time ◽  
Solidification Temperature ◽  
Pipe Surface ◽  
Plastic Pipe ◽  
External Cooling ◽  
Wall Boundary Conditions ◽  
Pipe Extrusion

AbstractIn plastic pipe extrusion, hot molten extrudate emerges from an annular. This highly viscous liquid is then cooled and solidified, calledquenching, in a quench tank. In this paper, we focus on the external cooling system. We use an adiabatic inner wall and differing outer wall boundary conditions: isothermal and convection. The solid-liquid interface, at the solidification temperature, moves inward with deceleration. We adimensionalize the energy balance and solve for the interface speed in terms of the solidifcation coefficient,λ. We arrive at the exact solutions for the evolving solidified thickness. Finally, we use the residual stress model developed by Jansen [Int. Polym. Proc. 1994, 9, 82–89]. to predict the compressive residual stress at the outer pipe surface. Our new exact solution for the solidification time agrees well with the data from the plastic pipe industry. The goals of this paper are to help plastics engineers calculate the solidification time, to design the cooling chamber and to predict the residual quenching stress.

Postoperative analgesic effects of intra-articular bupivacaine and morphine after arthroscopic cruciate ligament surgery

1995 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 55-59 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Karlsson ◽  
B. Rydgren ◽  
B. Eriksson ◽  
U. Järvholm ◽  
O. Lundin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cruciate Ligament ◽  
Analgesic Effects

Transient Thermal Analyses of Midwall Cooling and External Cooling Methods for a Gun Barrel

2010 ◽  
Vol 132 (9) ◽  
Author(s):  
Avanish Mishra ◽  
Amer Hameed ◽  
Bryan Lawton
Keyword(s):  
Heat Transfer ◽  
Cooling System ◽  
Thermal Analyses ◽  
Temperature History ◽  
Fe Model ◽  
Gun Barrel ◽  
External Cooling ◽  
Transient Thermal ◽  
Cooling Methods ◽  
Simulation Scheme

Liquid cooling methods are often used for thermal management of a large caliber gun barrel. In this work, transient thermal analyses of midwall-cooled and externally cooled gun barrels were performed. At first, a novel simulation scheme was developed for the computation of the gun barrel temperature history (temperature variation over time), and its experimental validation was performed. In the computational scheme an internal ballistics code, GUNTEMP8.EXE, was developed to simulate the total heat transfer per cycle for the given ammunition parameters. Subsequently, a finite element (FE) model of the barrel was developed in ANSYS 11.0. Heat transfer to the barrel was approximated by an exponentially decaying heat flux. The FE model was solved to compute for barrel temperature history. Simulations were performed for a burst of 9 cycles, and the results were found to agree with the experimental measurements. Subsequently, the simulation scheme was extended to analyze a burst of 40 cycles at 10 shots per minute (spm). Three cases were investigated as follows: (1) a naturally cooled gun barrel, (2) a gun barrel with midwall cooling channels, and (3) an externally cooled gun barrel. Natural cooling was found insufficient to prevent cook-off, whereas midwall and external cooling methods were found to eliminate any possibility of it. In the context of a self-propelled howitzer, a midwall-cooled gun barrel connected to an engine cooling system was also analyzed.

Evaluation of Local Cryotherapy after Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction. Critical Review of the Literature

2019 ◽  
Vol 21 (5) ◽  
pp. 319-328 ◽  
Author(s):  
Piotr Bednarski ◽  
Jerzy Kiwerski
Keyword(s):  
Anterior Cruciate Ligament ◽  
Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction ◽  
Acl Reconstruction ◽  
Ligament Reconstruction ◽  
Cruciate Ligament ◽  
Early Period ◽  
Scientific Publications ◽  
Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction ◽  
Analgesic Effects ◽  
Anterior Cruciate

Background. At a time of innovative medical technologies development, it is paramount that medical services be evaluated with regard to their effectiveness. Research in physical medicine and rehabilitation, as well as the specialty itself, is relatively young; however, the number of publications in the field has recently been increasing. The main aim of this article is to evaluate the effectiveness of cryotherapy, including local cryostimulation, after anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction. Material and methods. The present paper reviews scientific publications extracted from the Medline Embase, Cochra­ne Library, and PEDro databases according to a pre-designed search strategy. The review analysed publications where the authors indicated cryotherapy as an intervention in patients after ACL reconstruction and the study endpoints referred to analgesic or anti-oedema effects. Results. As a result of selection, 16 publications were chosen for the analysis, including 1 meta-analysis, 2 systematic reviews and 13 RCTs. Only the results of randomised studies are presented. Endpoints referring to analgesic effects were present in all of the studies in the analysis, while endpoints referring to anti-oedema effects were present in five studies. Statistically significant results constituted 62% of the results for analgesic effects and 60% for anti-oedema effects. Conclusions. 1. The currently limited evidence from randomised studies is not sufficient to draw final conclusions on the effectiveness of cryotherapy in patients after anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction. 2. It seems that cryotherapy can serve as an adjunct analgesic treatment in the early period after arthroscopic ACL reconstruction, while there is no notable improvement in patients after this procedure in reducing oedema.

scholarly journals Anhydrous Cooling Mode Applied in External cooling Equipment of HVDC Converter

2018 ◽  
Vol 7 (3) ◽  
pp. 149
Author(s):  
Yu-liang WEN ◽  
Guang-wu WANG ◽  
Zhi-min LU ◽  
Jian-ye CHEN
Keyword(s):  
Natural Gas ◽  
Cooling System ◽  
Gas Pipeline ◽  
Cooling Mode ◽  
Long Distance ◽  
Natural Gas Pipeline ◽  
External Cooling ◽  
Operation Process ◽  
In Series ◽  
Air Cooler

Anhydrous Cooling Mode is that it consumes little water in the operation process. This paper made some investigates in the external cooling equipment which is currently applied in the HVDC converter substation. There are some anhydrous cooling modes in the HVDC converter substation. A case of anhydrous cooling mode which air cooler series with the water chiller applied in the long distance natural gas pipeline pressurization was introduced. It is recommended that the cooling system composed of air cooler in series with chilling water will be preferentially chosen as an anhydrous cooling mode applied in the HVDC converter external cooling equipment.

High Temperature Overhung Pumps: Cooling Optimization

2005 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Cipolla
Keyword(s):  
Heat Transfer ◽  
High Temperature ◽  
Cooling System ◽  
Cooling Water ◽  
Experimental Tests ◽  
Thermal Dissipation ◽  
Lubricating Oil ◽  
Fluid Temperature ◽  
External Cooling ◽  
Set Up

A typical industrial application of high temperature pumps involves handling of fluids up to 400 °C. This is critical for pump bearing housing, where thermal dissipation is not effective due to geometric configuration. Therefore, without any external cooling system, bearings and lubricating oil temperatures can exceed allowable values prescribed by both API 610 Reference Standard [1] and bearing manufacturer [2]. Particularly, for a overhung pump, when pumped fluid temperature is above 200 °C, external cooling system is necessary and water is usually used for this purpose. Consequently, water availability must be taken into account when considering pump’s location, which is particularly difficult in desert areas. From these considerations was the idea to enhance the heat transfer of the pump support, in order to avoid any need of cooling water. The problem has been dealt with numerical analysis and experimental tests. First, we have considered the original support in the most critical situation, the stand-by condition, where no forced convection (fan) is effective. From the results pertaining to currently used support, we have got the hints to improve heat transfer by a full redesign. Finally an experimental validation has been set up. The measures gained allow us to validate hypothesis taken into consideration in the numerical simulation.

Design and Experimental Investigation of a Heat Pipe Supported External Cooling System for HT-PEFC Stacks

2013 ◽  
Vol 10 (5) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jen Supra ◽  
Holger Janßen ◽  
Werner Lehnert ◽  
Detlef Stolten
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Investigation ◽  
Temperature Distribution ◽  
Heat Pipe ◽  
Cooling System ◽  
Polymer Electrolyte Fuel Cell ◽  
Active Area ◽  
Cell Area ◽  
Vertical Temperature ◽  
External Cooling ◽  
Vertical Temperature Distribution

A 10-cell high-temperature polymer electrolyte fuel cell (HT-PEFC) stack with an active cell area of 200 cm2 has been built up and tested with regard to the temperature distribution from cell to cell and over the active area since not every cell is cooled. Measurements with artificial reformate as a fuel show that the vertical temperature distribution over the active area is sufficiently small, with a maximum of 5.1 K at 550 mA cm−2. Additionally, the temperature gradient from cell to cell is sufficiently small with 10.7 K at 550 mA cm−2. As a result, it can be concluded that the heat pipe supported external cooling is well suited to cool HT-PEFC stacks with large active areas in reformate operation.

A VERSATILE HIGH-VOLTAGE PAPER ELECTROPHORESIS APPARATUS AND ITS APPLICATION TO COMPLEX BIOLOGICAL MATERIALS

1961 ◽  
Vol 39 (8) ◽  
pp. 1313-1324 ◽  
Author(s):  
Arthur E. Pasieka
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
High Voltage ◽  
Filter Paper ◽  
Heat Exchangers ◽  
Cooling System ◽  
Paper Electrophoresis ◽  
Biological Materials ◽  
Heat Conductance ◽  
Cooling Plate ◽  
External Cooling

Improvements on a high-voltage paper electrophoresis apparatus are described. The major improvements consist of a simplified cooling system and modification of the cooling plate to accommodate filter paper sheets 24 × 48 in. in size. Two methods, both employing solid heat exchangers, have been devised for the dissipation of Joule's heat: (a) external cooling, employing a Freon 12 circulating coolant and (b) no external cooling, but with heat conductance and radiation by means of an aluminum plate and metal rail.The application of this modified apparatus to the separation of amino acids and peptides from complex biological materials is illustrated.

Zero Boil-Off Cryogenic Liquid Hydrogen Storage Tank With Axial Cold-Spray System

2006 ◽  
Author(s):  
Son H. Ho ◽  
Muhammad M. Rahman
Keyword(s):  
Fluid Flow ◽  
Cold Spray ◽  
Storage Tank ◽  
Cooling System ◽  
Liquid Hydrogen ◽  
Front Face ◽  
Bulk Fluid ◽  
External Cooling ◽  
Nozzle Head ◽  
Inlet Opening

This paper presents a steady-state analysis of fluid flow and heat transfer in a zero boil-off cryogenic storage tank for liquid hydrogen. The system includes a tank with cylindrical wall and oblate spheroidal top and bottom, and a cold-spray nozzle head whose face is set perpendicular to the axis of the tank. The nozzle head has many nozzles on its front face. The cold fluid cooled by an external cooling system enters the inlet opening at the top of the tank, follows an axial supply tube to the nozzle head and exits through the nozzles into the bulk fluid inside the tank heated by heat leak from the surroundings. The displaced fluid exits the tank through an annular outlet opening (also at the top of the tank and concentric with the inlet opening) then goes back to the external cooling system. This study considers the transport phenomena in the storage tank only with prescribed fluid flow velocity and temperature at the inlet to represent the external cooling system.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document