Computer-controlled automated jumbo drilling robot manipulator

1986 ◽  
Vol 4 (4) ◽  
pp. 303-318 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. Y. Ho ◽  
Yao Jianchi
Robotica ◽  
1984 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 75-81 ◽  
Author(s):  
Katsuhisa Furuta ◽  
Kazuhiro Kosuge ◽  
Osamu Yamano ◽  
Kageharu Nosaki

SUMMARUYThis paper deals with the control technique of a computer-controlled manipulator with high nonlinearity. To overcome the nonlinearity, a linearization of the system by nonlinear feedback has been employed. Because of the difficulty of the parameter identification under the variation of load, it is not easy to make correct nonlinear compensation for its linearization. In this paper, to solve this problem a robust servo controller based on a model is designed for the linearized manipulator, and a control system is constructed taking account of input nonlinearity. The method is applied to the three-joint manipulator endowed with a software servo using a minicomputer, and the effect of the proposed method is investigated.


2001 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jahangir S. Rastegar ◽  
Lifang Yuan

Abstract A systematic method is presented for optimal integration of smart actuators into the structure of robot manipulators for the purpose of enabling them to perform smooth object manipulation with smooth actuated joint motions. Here, the motions are considered to be smooth if they do not contain high harmonic components. For optimal positioning of smart actuators in the structure of robot manipulators, a method is developed based on the evaluation of the transmissibility of displacement (velocity and/or force) from the smart actuators to the robot manipulator joint motions and the end-effector displacements (velocity and/or force). A method is then presented for synthesizing actuated joint and object motions to achieve trajectories that do not contain high harmonic components. By minimizing the high harmonic components of the required joint and object motions with properly sized and placed smart actuators, such computer-controlled machines can operate at relatively higher speeds and achieve greater tracking precision with minimal vibration and control problems. A number of numerical examples are provided.


Author(s):  
J. Rastegar ◽  
L. Yuan ◽  
L. Hua

Abstract A systematic method is presented for optimal integration of smart actuators into the structure of robot manipulators for the purpose of enabling them to perform smooth object manipulation with smooth actuated joint motions. Here, the motions are considered to be smooth if they do not contain high harmonic components. For optimal positioning of smart actuators in the structure of robot manipulators, a method is developed based on the evaluation of the transmissibility of displacement (velocity and/or force) from the smart actuators to the robot manipulator joint motions and the end-effector displacements (velocity and/or force). A method is then presented for synthesizing actuated joint and object motions to achieve trajectories that do not contain high harmonic components. By minimizing the high harmonic components of the required joint and object motions with properly sized and placed smart actuators, such computer-controlled machines can operate at relatively higher speeds and achieve greater tracking precision with minimal vibration and control problems. A number of numerical examples are provided.


Author(s):  
M.F. Schmid ◽  
R. Dargahi ◽  
M. W. Tam

Electron crystallography is an emerging field for structure determination as evidenced by a number of membrane proteins that have been solved to near-atomic resolution. Advances in specimen preparation and in data acquisition with a 400kV microscope by computer controlled spot scanning mean that our ability to record electron image data will outstrip our capacity to analyze it. The computed fourier transform of these images must be processed in order to provide a direct measurement of amplitudes and phases needed for 3-D reconstruction.In anticipation of this processing bottleneck, we have written a program that incorporates a menu-and mouse-driven procedure for auto-indexing and refining the reciprocal lattice parameters in the computed transform from an image of a crystal. It is linked to subsequent steps of image processing by a system of data bases and spawned child processes; data transfer between different program modules no longer requires manual data entry. The progress of the reciprocal lattice refinement is monitored visually and quantitatively. If desired, the processing is carried through the lattice distortion correction (unbending) steps automatically.


Author(s):  
R. J. Lee ◽  
J. S. Walker

Electron microscopy (EM), with the advent of computer control and image analysis techniques, is rapidly evolving from an interpretative science into a quantitative technique. Electron microscopy is potentially of value in two general aspects of environmental health: exposure and diagnosis.In diagnosis, electron microscopy is essentially an extension of optical microscopy. The goal is to characterize cellular changes induced by external agents. The external agent could be any foreign material, chemicals, or even stress. The use of electron microscopy as a diagnostic tool is well- developed, but computer-controlled electron microscopy (CCEM) has had only limited impact, mainly because it is fairly new and many institutions lack the resources to acquire the capability. In addition, major contributions to diagnosis will come from CCEM only when image analysis (IA) and processing algorithms are developed which allow the morphological and textural changes recognized by experienced medical practioners to be quantified. The application of IA techniques to compare cellular structure is still in a primitive state.


Author(s):  
Robert W. Mackin

This paper presents two advances towards the automated three-dimensional (3-D) analysis of thick and heavily-overlapped regions in cytological preparations such as cervical/vaginal smears. First, a high speed 3-D brightfield microscope has been developed, allowing the acquisition of image data at speeds approaching 30 optical slices per second. Second, algorithms have been developed to detect and segment nuclei in spite of the extremely high image variability and low contrast typical of such regions. The analysis of such regions is inherently a 3-D problem that cannot be solved reliably with conventional 2-D imaging and image analysis methods.High-Speed 3-D imaging of the specimen is accomplished by moving the specimen axially relative to the objective lens of a standard microscope (Zeiss) at a speed of 30 steps per second, where the stepsize is adjustable from 0.2 - 5μm. The specimen is mounted on a computer-controlled, piezoelectric microstage (Burleigh PZS-100, 68/μm displacement). At each step, an optical slice is acquired using a CCD camera (SONY XC-11/71 IP, Dalsa CA-D1-0256, and CA-D2-0512 have been used) connected to a 4-node array processor system based on the Intel i860 chip.


Author(s):  
Marc J.C. de Jong ◽  
P. Emile S.J. Asselbergs ◽  
Max T. Otten

A new step forward in Transmission Electron Microscopy has been made with the introduction of the CompuStage on the CM-series TEMs: CM120, CM200, CM200 FEG and CM300. This new goniometer has motorization on five axes (X, Y, Z, α, β), all under full computer control by a dedicated microprocessor that is in communication with the main CM processor. Positions on all five axes are read out directly - not via a system counting motor revolutions - thereby providing a high degree of accuracy. The CompuStage enters the octagonal block around the specimen through a single port, allowing the specimen stage to float freely in the vacuum between the objective-lens pole pieces, thereby improving vibration stability and freeing up one access port. Improvements in the mechanical design ensure higher stability with regard to vibration and drift. During stage movement the holder O-ring no longer slides, providing higher drift stability and positioning accuracy as well as better vacuum.


Author(s):  
G.Y. Fan ◽  
O.L. Krivanek

Full alignment of a high resolution electron microscope (HREM) requires five parameters to be optimized: the illumination angle (beam tilt) x and y, defocus, and astigmatism magnitude and orientation. Because neither voltage nor current centering lead to the correct illumination angle, all the adjustments must be done on the basis of observing contrast changes in a recorded image. The full alignment can be carried out by a computer which is connected to a suitable image pick-up device and is able to control the microscope, sometimes with greater precision and speed than even a skilled operator can achieve. Two approaches to computer-controlled (automatic) alignment have been investigated. The first is based on measuring the dependence of the overall contrast in the image of a thin amorphous specimen on the relevant parameters, the other on measuring the image shift. Here we report on our progress in developing a new method, which makes use of the full information contained in a computed diffractogram.


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