Condensation behaviour of the human X chromosome in male germ cells and Sertoli cells examined by fluorescencein situ hybridization

1994 ◽  
Vol 2 (6) ◽  
pp. 439-444 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Kofman-Alfaro ◽  
R. M. Speed ◽  
S. Boyle ◽  
A. C. Chandley
Keyword(s):  
X Chromosome ◽  
Germ Cells ◽  
Sertoli Cells ◽  
Fluorescencein Situ Hybridization ◽  
Male Germ Cells

scholarly journals Establishment and applications of male germ cell and Sertoli cell lines

Reproduction ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 152 (2) ◽  
pp. R31-R40 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hong Wang ◽  
Liping Wen ◽  
Qingqing Yuan ◽  
Min Sun ◽  
Minghui Niu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cell Line ◽  
Sertoli Cell ◽  
Cell Lines ◽  
Germ Cells ◽  
Sertoli Cells ◽  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Simian Virus 40 ◽  
T Antigen ◽  
Seminiferous Tubules ◽  
Male Germ Cells

Within the seminiferous tubules there are two major cell types, namely male germ cells and Sertoli cells. Recent studies have demonstrated that male germ cells and Sertoli cells can have significant applications in treating male infertility and other diseases. However, primary male germ cells are hard to proliferatein vitroand the number of spermatogonial stem cells is scarce. Therefore, methods that promote the expansion of these cell populations are essential for their use from the bench to the bed side. Notably, a number of cell lines for rodent spermatogonia, spermatocytes and Sertoli cells have been developed, and significantly we have successfully established a human spermatogonial stem cell line with an unlimited proliferation potential and no tumor formation. This newly developed cell line could provide an abundant source of cells for uncovering molecular mechanisms underlying human spermatogenesis and for their utilization in the field of reproductive and regenerative medicine. In this review, we discuss the methods for establishing spermatogonial, spermatocyte and Sertoli cell lines using various kinds of approaches, including spontaneity, transgenic animals with oncogenes, simian virus 40 (SV40) large T antigen, the gene coding for a temperature-sensitive mutant ofp53, telomerase reverse gene (Tert), and the specific promoter-based selection strategy. We further highlight the essential applications of these cell lines in basic research and translation medicine.

scholarly journals Cyp26b1 Expression in Murine Sertoli Cells Is Required to Maintain Male Germ Cells in an Undifferentiated State during Embryogenesis

PLoS ONE ◽  
2009 ◽  
Vol 4 (10) ◽  
pp. e7501 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hui Li ◽  
Glenn MacLean ◽  
Don Cameron ◽  
Margaret Clagett-Dame ◽  
Martin Petkovich
Keyword(s):  
Germ Cells ◽  
Sertoli Cells ◽  
Male Germ Cells ◽  
Undifferentiated State

scholarly journals sisterless A is required for the activation of Sex lethal in the germline

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Raghav Goyal ◽  
Ellen Baxter ◽  
Mark Van Doren
Keyword(s):  
Sex Determination ◽  
X Chromosome ◽  
Germ Cells ◽  
Specific Expression ◽  
Male Germ Cells ◽  
X Chromosomes ◽  
Dna Elements ◽  
Sex Lethal ◽  
Female Specific ◽  
Necessary And Sufficient

ABSTRACTIn Drosophila, sex determination in somatic cells has been well-studied and is under the control of the switch gene Sex lethal (Sxl), which is activated in females by the presence of two X chromosomes. Though sex determination is regulated differently in the germline versus the soma, Sxl is also necessary and sufficient for the female identity in germ cells. Loss of Sxl function in the germline results in ovarian germline tumors, a characteristic of male germ cells developing in a female soma. Further, XY (male) germ cells expressing Sxl are able to produce eggs when transplanted into XX (female) somatic gonads, demonstrating that Sxl is also sufficient for female sexual identity in the germline. As in the soma, the presence of two X chromosomes is sufficient to activate Sxl in the germline, but the mechanism for “counting” X chromosomes in the germline is thought to be different from the soma. Here we have explored this mechanism at both cis- and trans-levels. Our data support the model that the Sxl “establishment” promoter (SxlPE) is activated in a female-specific manner in the germline, as in the soma, but that the timing of SxlPE activation, and the DNA elements that regulate SxlPE are different from those in the soma. Nevertheless, we find that the X chromosome-encoded gene sisterless A (sisA), which helps activate Sxl in the soma, is also essential for Sxl activation in the germline. Loss of sisA function leads to loss of Sxl expression in the germline, and to ovarian tumors and germline loss. These defects can be rescued by the expression of Sxl, demonstrating that sisA lies upstream of Sxl in germline sex determination. We conclude that sisA acts as an X chromosome counting element in both the soma and the germline, but that additional factors that ensure robust, female-specific expression of Sxl in the germline remain to be discovered.

scholarly journals Morphological characteristics of male germ cells of rats in contact with Sertoli cells in vitro

Reproduction ◽  
1979 ◽  
Vol 57 (2) ◽  
pp. 325-330 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. Palombi ◽  
E. Ziparo ◽  
F. F. G. Rommerts ◽  
J. A. Grootegoed ◽  
M. Antonini ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Germ Cells ◽  
Sertoli Cells ◽  
Morphological Characteristics ◽  
Male Germ Cells

scholarly journals A mitochondrial mechanism is involved in apoptosis of Robertsonian mouse male germ cells

Reproduction ◽  
2008 ◽  
Vol 135 (6) ◽  
pp. 797-804 ◽  
Author(s):  
Valeria Merico ◽  
Gabriela Diaz de Barboza ◽  
Chiara Vasco ◽  
Ruben Ponce ◽  
Valeria Rodriguez ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Germ Cells ◽  
Sertoli Cells ◽  
Histological Evaluation ◽  
Male Mice ◽  
Male Germ Cells ◽  
Intrinsic Mechanism ◽  
Pachytene Spermatocytes ◽  
Calbindin D ◽  
Tunel Labelling ◽  
Dependent Mechanism

The aim of this study was to determine whether the intrinsic mechanism of apoptosis is involved in the death of germ cells in Robertsonian (Rb) heterozygous adult male mice. Testes from 5-month-old Rb heterozygous CD1×Milano II mice were obtained and compared with those from homozygous CD1 (2n=40) and Milano II (2n=24) mice. For histological evaluation of apoptosis, TUNEL labelling and immunohistochemistry were used to localise Bax and cytochrome c. Expression of calbindin D28k (CB), an anti-apoptotic molecule, was also analysed by immunohistochemistry and immunoblotting. Testicular ultrastructure was visualised by electron microscopy. Morphology and cell associations were abnormal in the Rb heterozygous seminiferous epithelium. An intense apoptotic process was observed in tubules at stage XII, mainly in metaphase spermatocytes. Metaphase spermatocytes also showed Bax and cytochrome c redistributions. Mitochondria relocated close to the paranuclear region of spermatocytes. CB was mainly expressed in metaphase spermatocytes, but also in pachytene spermatocytes, spermatids and Sertoli cells at stage XII. The co-localisation of CB and TUNEL labelling was very limited. Sixty per cent of metaphase spermatocytes were apoptotic and calbindin negative, while 40% were calbindin positive without signs of apoptosis. Ten per cent of the Bax- and cytochrome c-positive cells were also calbindin positive. These data suggest that apoptosis of the germ cells in heterozygous mice occurs, at least in part, through a mitochondrial-dependent mechanism. Calbindin overexpression might prevent or reduce the apoptosis of germ cells caused by Rb heterozygosity, which could partially explain the subfertility of these mice.

INTERCELLULAR ADHESION OF MALE GERM CELLS AND SERTOLI CELLS INDUCED BY CONCANAVALIN A

1982 ◽  
Vol 383 (1 The Cell Biol) ◽  
pp. 454-455 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. A. Grootegoed ◽  
N. H. P. M. Jutte ◽  
F. F. G. Rommerts ◽  
H. J. Molen ◽  
S. Ohno
Keyword(s):  
Germ Cells ◽  
Concanavalin A ◽  
Sertoli Cells ◽  
Intercellular Adhesion ◽  
Male Germ Cells

scholarly journals Expression of Bambi Is Widespread in Juvenile and Adult Rat Tissues and Is Regulated in Male Germ Cells

Endocrinology ◽  
2003 ◽  
Vol 144 (9) ◽  
pp. 4180-4186 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kate Lakoski Loveland ◽  
Marilyn Bakker ◽  
Terri Meehan ◽  
Elizabeth Christy ◽  
Viktoria von Schönfeldt ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Germ Cells ◽  
Sertoli Cells ◽  
Intracellular Signaling ◽  
Mrna Level ◽  
Receptor Occupancy ◽  
Reproductive Organs ◽  
Rat Tissues ◽  
Male Germ Cells ◽  
Adult Rat ◽  
Tgfβ Superfamily

Abstract Members of the TGFβ superfamily may compete for receptor occupancy and intracellular signaling molecules in specific developmental circumstances. We explored the potential importance of the TGFβ family inhibitor, Bambi (Bmp and activin membrane-bound inhibitor) by examining its pattern of mRNA expression in juvenile and adult rat tissues, with a focus on reproductive organs. The 1.8-kb transcript was ubiquitous, whereas a 3-kb transcript was unique to enriched spermatocyte and spermatid cell fractions and adult testis. The full-length rat cDNA is 89% (nucleic acid) and 95% (amino acid) identical to its human homolog, hnma. Using in situ hybridization, Bambi mRNA was detected in granulosa and thecal cells of adult ovaries and in spermatogonia, spermatocytes, round spermatids, and Sertoli cells of adult testes. In addition to a persistent signal in Sertoli cells in juvenile testes, this mRNA within germ cells appeared dramatically increased as gonocytes matured into spermatogonia immediately after birth. These data indicate that TGFβ superfamily signaling within male germ cells is down-regulated at the onset of spermatogenesis. The addition of exogenous activin A to 24-h cultures of newborn rat testis fragments decreased the Bambi mRNA level. Regulated Bambi mRNA synthesis may contribute to TGFβ superfamily signaling modulation in several organs, as suggested by its discrete expression switch in male germ cells.

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