Victim resistance to rape: The relationship of previous victimization, demographics, and situational factors

1989 ◽  
Vol 18 (6) ◽  
pp. 497-507 ◽  
Author(s):  
Beverly M. Atkeson ◽  
Karen S. Calhoun ◽  
Kim T. Morris
2015 ◽  
Vol 44 (4) ◽  
pp. 438-453 ◽  
Author(s):  
Angela Shin-yih Chen ◽  
Min-dau Bian ◽  
Yu-Hsiang Hou

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to explore the relationship among emotional intelligence (EI), perceived transformational leadership (TFL) and work performance. Design/methodology/approach – Data were collected from a military-based research and development institution. In all, 202 copies of questionnaires were returned, resulting a 67.3 percent return rate. Confirmatory factor analysis was used to test this theoretical model. Findings – The data indicated that EI had a positive relationship with work performance; meanwhile, perceived leader’s TFL positively moderated the relationship between subordinate’s EI and work performance. Research limitations/implications – First, this study increased the understanding of the relationship of EI and work performance in a non-western culture context and therefore confirming the benefit of EI on a positive work psychology. Also, the findings helped the researchers to understand how situational factors, such as leadership, interact with individual factors, such as EI, to produce a positive impact on work output. Originality/value – Unlike previous studies connecting leaders’ EI with their leadership behaviors and subsequent effect on work outcomes, the present study looked into the moderating role of leader’s TFL on the relationship between subordinate’s EI and work performance.


2021 ◽  
pp. 108886832097229
Author(s):  
Shailee R. Woodard ◽  
Linus Chan ◽  
Lucian Gideon Conway

Researchers have long assumed that complex thinking is determined by both situational factors and stable, trait-based differences. However, although situational influences on complexity have been discussed at length in the literature, there is still no comprehensive integration of evidence regarding the theorized trait component of cognitive complexity. To fill this gap, we evaluate the degree that cognitive complexity is attributable to trait variance. Specifically, we review two domains of evidence pertaining to (a) the generalizability of individuals’ complex thinking across domains and the temporal stability of individuals’ complex thinking and (b) the relationship of complex thinking with conceptually related traits. Cumulatively, the literature suggests that persons’ cognitive complexity at any point in time results partially from a stable and generalizable trait component that accounts for a small-to-moderate amount of variance. It further suggests that cognitively complex persons are characterized by chronic trait-based differences in motivation and ability to think complexly.


2014 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 251
Author(s):  
Rita Rita

Research on the effectiveness of interagency cooperation in recovery operation of natural disaster in DKI Jakarta regions combines between the research of interagency cooperation in disaster context and the research of interagency cooperation in public services. This research is deepened by comparing the perception of governmental organization and Non Governmental Organization (NGO). The aim of this research is to do the empirical test of the relationship of situational factors to interagency processes and outcomes. This research is not only to test the hyphotesis but also to observe the phenomenon in the interagency cooperation. The result of this reasearch shows that the perception of the leader of governmental organization toward communication is higher than the perception of leader of NGO. Cooperation between governmental and NGO within the effort to serve the disaster DKI Jakarta regions becomes a model of partnership interagency cooperation.


2016 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 39-57 ◽  
Author(s):  
O.D. Gurina

There are often racial, ethnic intolerance among adolescents, which, in our opinion, caused by the presence of xenophobic attitudes, some combination of personality structures and situational factors. We hypothesized that there is a specificity of the relationship of xenophobic attitudes and personality characteristics in the structure of the person of adolescents with deviating (including illegal) behavior and normative behavior. The study involved 254 female and a teenage male aged 14 - 18 years. The study used a questionnaire to identify the severity of xenophobic attitudes, as well as the methodology and questionnaires to identify the personality characteristics of adolescents and semantic constructs of personality. As a result, significant differences were found in the personal features (criterion U-Mann-Whitney test with p <0,01) and semantic structures in adolescents with regulations and illegal behavior of offenders with a nationalist orientation and without it. The results can be used in the framework of the prevention of hate crimes among adolescents.


Paleobiology ◽  
1980 ◽  
Vol 6 (02) ◽  
pp. 146-160 ◽  
Author(s):  
William A. Oliver

The Mesozoic-Cenozoic coral Order Scleractinia has been suggested to have originated or evolved (1) by direct descent from the Paleozoic Order Rugosa or (2) by the development of a skeleton in members of one of the anemone groups that probably have existed throughout Phanerozoic time. In spite of much work on the subject, advocates of the direct descent hypothesis have failed to find convincing evidence of this relationship. Critical points are:(1) Rugosan septal insertion is serial; Scleractinian insertion is cyclic; no intermediate stages have been demonstrated. Apparent intermediates are Scleractinia having bilateral cyclic insertion or teratological Rugosa.(2) There is convincing evidence that the skeletons of many Rugosa were calcitic and none are known to be or to have been aragonitic. In contrast, the skeletons of all living Scleractinia are aragonitic and there is evidence that fossil Scleractinia were aragonitic also. The mineralogic difference is almost certainly due to intrinsic biologic factors.(3) No early Triassic corals of either group are known. This fact is not compelling (by itself) but is important in connection with points 1 and 2, because, given direct descent, both changes took place during this only stage in the history of the two groups in which there are no known corals.


Author(s):  
D. F. Blake ◽  
L. F. Allard ◽  
D. R. Peacor

Echinodermata is a phylum of marine invertebrates which has been extant since Cambrian time (c.a. 500 m.y. before the present). Modern examples of echinoderms include sea urchins, sea stars, and sea lilies (crinoids). The endoskeletons of echinoderms are composed of plates or ossicles (Fig. 1) which are with few exceptions, porous, single crystals of high-magnesian calcite. Despite their single crystal nature, fracture surfaces do not exhibit the near-perfect {10.4} cleavage characteristic of inorganic calcite. This paradoxical mix of biogenic and inorganic features has prompted much recent work on echinoderm skeletal crystallography. Furthermore, fossil echinoderm hard parts comprise a volumetrically significant portion of some marine limestones sequences. The ultrastructural and microchemical characterization of modern skeletal material should lend insight into: 1). The nature of the biogenic processes involved, for example, the relationship of Mg heterogeneity to morphological and structural features in modern echinoderm material, and 2). The nature of the diagenetic changes undergone by their ancient, fossilized counterparts. In this study, high resolution TEM (HRTEM), high voltage TEM (HVTEM), and STEM microanalysis are used to characterize tha ultrastructural and microchemical composition of skeletal elements of the modern crinoid Neocrinus blakei.


Author(s):  
Leon Dmochowski

Electron microscopy has proved to be an invaluable discipline in studies on the relationship of viruses to the origin of leukemia, sarcoma, and other types of tumors in animals and man. The successful cell-free transmission of leukemia and sarcoma in mice, rats, hamsters, and cats, interpreted as due to a virus or viruses, was proved to be due to a virus on the basis of electron microscope studies. These studies demonstrated that all the types of neoplasia in animals of the species examined are produced by a virus of certain characteristic morphological properties similar, if not identical, in the mode of development in all types of neoplasia in animals, as shown in Fig. 1.


Author(s):  
J.R. Pfeiffer ◽  
J.C. Seagrave ◽  
C. Wofsy ◽  
J.M. Oliver

In RBL-2H3 rat leukemic mast cells, crosslinking IgE-receptor complexes with anti-IgE antibody leads to degranulation. Receptor crosslinking also stimulates the redistribution of receptors on the cell surface, a process that can be observed by labeling the anti-IgE with 15 nm protein A-gold particles as described in Stump et al. (1989), followed by back-scattered electron imaging (BEI) in the scanning electron microscope. We report that anti-IgE binding stimulates the redistribution of IgE-receptor complexes at 37“C from a dispersed topography (singlets and doublets; S/D) to distributions dominated sequentially by short chains, small clusters and large aggregates of crosslinked receptors. These patterns can be observed (Figure 1), quantified (Figure 2) and analyzed statistically. Cells incubated with 1 μg/ml anti-IgE, a concentration that stimulates maximum net secretion, redistribute receptors as far as chains and small clusters during a 15 min incubation period. At 3 and 10 μg/ml anti-IgE, net secretion is reduced and the majority of receptors redistribute rapidly into clusters and large aggregates.


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