Binge eating in anorexia nervosa predicts later onset of substance use disorder: A ten-year prospective, longitudinal follow-up of 95 adolescents

1996 ◽  
Vol 25 (4) ◽  
pp. 519-532 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael Strober ◽  
Roberta Freeman ◽  
Stacy Bower ◽  
Joanne Kigali
Keyword(s):  
Substance Use ◽  
Anorexia Nervosa ◽  
Binge Eating ◽  
Substance Use Disorder ◽  
Prospective Longitudinal

scholarly journals Cognitive Function in Adults with Enduring Anorexia Nervosa

Nutrients ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (3) ◽  
pp. 859
Author(s):  
Maria Seidel ◽  
Helen Brooker ◽  
Kamilla Lauenborg ◽  
Keith Wesnes ◽  
Magnus Sjögren
Keyword(s):  
Anorexia Nervosa ◽  
Cognitive Function ◽  
Episodic Memory ◽  
Reaction Times ◽  
Assessment System ◽  
Cognitive Test ◽  
Attention Tasks ◽  
Inclusion Study ◽  
Prospective Longitudinal

Anorexia Nervosa (AN) is a severe and often enduring disorder characterized by restriction of food intake, low body weight, fear of weight gain, and distorted body image. Investigations on cognition performance in AN patients have yielded conflicting results. Using an established and sensitive computerized cognitive test battery, we aimed to assess core aspects of cognitive function, including attention span, information processing, reasoning, working and episodic memory, in AN patients and controls. Patients were recruited from the Danish Prospective Longitudinal all-comer inclusion study in Eating Disorders (PROLED). Included were 26 individuals with AN and 36 healthy volunteers (HV). All were tested with CogTrack (an online cognitive assessment system) at baseline, and AN patients were tested again at a follow-up time point after weight increase (n = 13). At baseline, AN patients showed faster reaction times in the attention tasks, as well as increased accuracy in grammatical reasoning compared to HV. There were no differences in cognitive function between AN patients and HV in the other cognitive domains measured (sustained attention, working and episodic memory, speed of retrieval, and speed of grammatical reasoning). No differences were visible in the AN sample between baseline and follow-up. Performance did not correlate with any clinical variables in the AN sample. These findings supplement results from other studies suggesting increased concentration and reasoning accuracy in patients suffering from AN, who showed increased performance in cognitive tasks despite their illness.

scholarly journals The natural course of DSM-IV somatoform disorders and syndromes among adolescents and young adults: a prospective-longitudinal community study

2002 ◽  
Vol 17 (6) ◽  
pp. 321-331 ◽  
Author(s):  
Roselind Lieb ◽  
Petra Zimmermann ◽  
Robert H Friis ◽  
Michael Höfler ◽  
Sven Tholen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Substance Use ◽  
Young Adults ◽  
Somatoform Disorders ◽  
Epidemiologic Study ◽  
Natural Course ◽  
Adolescents And Young Adults ◽  
Prospective Longitudinal ◽  
Over Time

SummaryObjective.Although somatoform disorders are assumed to be chronic clinical conditions, epidemiological knowledge on their natural course based on representative samples is not available.Method.Data come from a prospective epidemiologic study of adolescents and young adults in Munich, Germany. Respondents’ diagnoses (N = 2548) at baseline and follow-up on average 42 months later are considered. The follow-up incidence, stability as well as selected baseline risk factors (sociodemographics, psychopathology, trauma exposure) for the incidence and stability of somatoform disorders and syndromes are prospectively examined. Diagnostic information was assessed by using the standardized Munich-Composite International Diagnostic Interview (M-CIDI).Results.Over the follow-up period, incidence rate for any of the covered somatoform diagnoses was 25.7%. Stability for the overall group of any somatoform disorder/syndrome was 48%. Female gender, lower social class, the experience of any substance use, anxiety and affective disorder as well as the experience of traumatic sexual and physical threat events predicted new onsets of somatoform conditions, while stability was predicted by being female, prior existing substance use, affective and eating disorders as well as the experience of a serious accident.Conclusions.At least for a substantial proportion of individuals, the overall picture of somatization seems to be relatively stable, but with fluctuation in the symptom picture over time. Being female, the experience of substance use as well as anxiety disorder seem to constitute risk factors for the onset of new somatoform conditions as well as for a stable course over time.

scholarly journals Rural Clients’ Continuity Into Follow‐Up Substance Use Disorder Treatment: Impacts of Travel Time, Incentives, and Alerts

2020 ◽  
Vol 36 (2) ◽  
pp. 196-207
Author(s):  
Deborah W. Garnick ◽  
Constance M. Horgan ◽  
Andrea Acevedo ◽  
Margaret T. Lee ◽  
Lee Panas ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Substance Use ◽  
Travel Time ◽  
Substance Use Disorder ◽  
Substance Use Disorder Treatment ◽  
Rural Clients ◽  
Disorder Treatment

Specialized assertive community treatment intervention for homeless youth with first episode psychosis and substance use disorder: A 2‐year follow‐up study

2019 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
pp. 203-210 ◽  
Author(s):  
Virginie Doré‐Gauthier ◽  
Jean‐Philippe Miron ◽  
Dider Jutras‐Aswad ◽  
Clairélaine Ouellet‐Plamondon ◽  
Amal Abdel‐Baki
Keyword(s):  
Substance Use ◽  
Substance Use Disorder ◽  
Homeless Youth ◽  
First Episode Psychosis ◽  
Community Treatment ◽  
First Episode ◽  
Treatment Intervention ◽  
Follow Up Study ◽  
Episode Psychosis

scholarly journals Substance Use Disorder in Physicians after Completion of Training in Anesthesiology in the United States from 1977 to 2013

2020 ◽  
Vol 133 (2) ◽  
pp. 342-349 ◽  
Author(s):  
David O. Warner ◽  
Keith Berge ◽  
Huaping Sun ◽  
Ann Harman ◽  
Ting Wang
Keyword(s):  
Substance Use ◽  
Substance Use Disorder ◽  
Significant Risk ◽  
The United States ◽  
Policy Formulation ◽  
Individual Treatment ◽  
Residency Programs ◽  
Kaplan Meier ◽  
Medical License

Background Substance use disorder among physicians can expose both physicians and their patients to significant risk. Data regarding the epidemiology and outcomes of physician substance use disorder are scarce but could guide policy formulation and individual treatment decisions. This article describes the incidence and outcomes of substance use disorder that resulted in either a report to a certifying body or death in physicians after the completion of anesthesiology training. Methods Physicians who completed training in U.S. anesthesiology residency programs from 1977 to 2013 and maintained at least one active medical license were included in this retrospective cohort study (n = 44,736). Substance use disorder cases were ascertained through records of the American Board of Anesthesiology and the National Death Index. Results Six hundred and one physicians had evidence of substance use disorder after completion of training, with an overall incidence of 0.75 per 1,000 physician-years (95% CI, 0.71 to 0.80; 0.84 [0.78 to 0.90] in men, 0.43 [0.35 to 0.52] in women). The highest incidence rate occurred in 1992 (1.79 per 1,000 physician-years [95% CI, 1.12 to 2.59]). The cumulative percentage expected to develop substance use disorder within 30 yr estimated by Kaplan–Meier analysis equaled 1.6% (95% CI, 1.4 to 1.7%). The most common substances used by 353 individuals for whom information was available were opioids (193 [55%]), alcohol (141 [40%]), and anesthetics/hypnotics (69 [20%]). Based on a median of 11.1 (interquartile range, 4.4 to 19.8) yr of follow-up, the cumulative proportion of survivors estimated to experience at least one relapse within 30 yr was 38% (95% CI, 31 to 43%). Of the 601 physicians with substance use disorder, 114 (19%) were dead from a substance use disorder–related cause at last follow-up. Conclusions A substantial proportion of anesthesiologists who develop substance use disorder after the completion of training die of this condition, and the risk of relapse is high in those who survive. Editor’s Perspective What We Already Know about This Topic What This Article Tells Us That Is New

scholarly journals Substance use identification and follow-up rates among commercial and Medicare health insurance members in primary care and other settings

2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
John G. Baker ◽  
David R. Doxbeck ◽  
Melanie E. Washington ◽  
Angela Horton ◽  
Adam Dunning
Keyword(s):  
Primary Care ◽  
Substance Use ◽  
Health Insurance ◽  
Substance Use Disorder ◽  
Alcohol Problems ◽  
Adult Males ◽  
Linear Regression Models ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Private Health Insurer

Abstract Background The objective of this study was to investigate factors associated with substance use disorder identification and follow-up rates among samples of members of a private health insurance plan. Methods In an observational study, samples of claims data for 2017 for Commercial and Medicare members from a private health insurer were accessed and analyzed using descriptive statistics, decision tree analysis, and linear regression models. Results Commercial and Medicare members differed in age. Medicare members had higher rates of inclusion in a measure of substance use disorder than Commercial members, lower rates of initial short term follow-up, more opioid prescriptions from primary care provides, fewer prescriptions for opioid treatment, and higher rates of selected comorbid conditions. Mental health diagnoses and substance use disorder co-occurred frequently and to a greater extent in the Medicare sample. Among commercial members, there were primarily alcohol problems that increased with age, while opioid problems at about 10% peaked in the mid-twenties. More males were included among all substance types. The overall rate for an initial short term follow-up visit indicating initiation of treatment was 30%. There were large differences in the follow-up rates across settings with a very low rate (4.6% for alcohol and 6.9% for opioid) in primary care settings. Conclusions These results suggest that increased attention in primary care to young adult males and to older adults, may help to reduce substance use disorder rates, especially alcohol use disorders.

Severe Psychopathology and Substance Use Disorder Modify the Association between Housing Trajectories and Food Security among Homeless Adults

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
James Lachaud ◽  
Cilia Mejia-Lancheros ◽  
Ri Wang ◽  
Michael Liu ◽  
Rosane Nisenbaum ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Substance Use ◽  
Food Security ◽  
Substance Use Disorders ◽  
Substance Use Disorder ◽  
Homeless Adults ◽  
Stable Housing ◽  
Trajectory Group ◽  
Severe Psychopathology ◽  
Housing Trajectories

Abstract Background We examined the housing trajectories of homeless people with mental illness over a follow-up period of 6 years, and the association of these trajectories with food security. We then examined the modifying role of psychopathology and alcohol and substance use disorders in this association.Methods We followed 487 homeless adults with mental illness at the Toronto site of the At Home/Chez-Soi project –a randomized trial of Housing First. Housing data were collected every 3 months (Phase I) or 6 months (Phase II) during follow-up. Food security data were collected 7 times during the follow-up period. Psychopathology (Colorado Symptom Index score) and alcohol and substance use disorders were assessed at baseline. Housing trajectories were identified using group-based trajectory modelling. Logistic regression was used to estimate the association between housing trajectory groups and food security.Results Three housing trajectory groups were identified: a rapid move to consistent stable housing (34.7%), slow and inconsistent housing (52.1%), and never moved to stable housing (13.2%). Individuals included in the rapid move to consistent housing trajectory group had higher odds of remaining food secure compared to those in the never moved to stable housing trajectory group over the follow-up period [AOR 2.9, 95% CI: 1.3–6.6, P-value: 0.009]. However, when interactions were considered, this association was significant among those with moderate psychopathology but not severe psychopathology. Individuals with substance use disorder and in the group never move to stable house group had the lowest food security status.Conclusion Severe psychopathology and substance use disorders modified the association between housing trajectories and food security. Housing interventions need to focus on long term housing stability as well as food security, especially among those with severe psychopathology and substance use disorder.Ethical considerations The Toronto AH/CS study received approval from the St. Michael’s Hospital Research Ethics Board (Canada), and all participants gave informed written consent to participate in the AH/CS study. The AH/CS study is also registered with the International Standard Randomized Control Trial Number Register (ISRCTN42520374).

Aripiprazole LAI vs. paliperidone LAI in inpatients with psychosis comorbid with substance use disorder: clinical and QoL effects at 1-year follow-up

2017 ◽  
Vol 27 ◽  
pp. S952-S953
Author(s):  
I. Cuomo ◽  
G.D. Kotzalidis ◽  
S. De Persis ◽  
F. Perrini ◽  
E. Amici ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Substance Use ◽  
Substance Use Disorder
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