Method of calculating the volume-structural hardening of construction elements (units)

1970 ◽  
Vol 2 (10) ◽  
pp. 975-979
Author(s):  
S. D. Volkov
Keyword(s):  
Structural Hardening

Influence of minor additions of silver on the structural hardening of lead-cadmium-tin alloys

2004 ◽  
Vol 101 (12) ◽  
pp. 1027-1030 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. Hilali ◽  
E. Saad ◽  
L. Bouirden
Keyword(s):  
Tin Alloys ◽  
Structural Hardening

Microstructural and Mechanical Properties of Welding and Thermal Spraying Coatings on Ductile Cast Iron

2021 ◽  
Vol 406 ◽  
pp. 300-311
Author(s):  
Ahmed Kellai ◽  
Sami Kahla ◽  
Said Dehimi ◽  
Badreddine Babes
Keyword(s):  
Stainless Steel ◽  
Cast Iron ◽  
Tensile Test ◽  
Thermal Spraying ◽  
Optical Microscope ◽  
Mechanical Effect ◽  
Ductile Cast Iron ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Coating Layers ◽  
Structural Hardening

The subject of this work is to evaluate the influence and adhesion degree of different coating layers deposited on a ductile cast iron substrate by two different methods, thermal spraying and welding with and without use of an interlayer. Microstructures of different zones and interfaces of coated specimens are investigated using optical microscope and scanning electron microscope SEM. Also, the mechanical behavior was evaluated by tensile test. It is found that when stainless steel thermal spraying coating onto the ductile cast iron substrate, the use of the nickel-based interlayer Ni allowed us to mitigate the disadvantages of cracking at the interface. This is due to the mechanical effect of nickel plasticity. In the case of coating by welding, the use of nickel-based buttering ENi-CI allowed us to reduce the diffusion of graphite to stainless steel, resulting in a reduction in the formation of harder alloy carbides. Finally, the mechanicals tests in particular the tensile test shows that the coating by welding is effective but causes a structural hardening; on the other hand the coating realized by thermal spraying does not really present sufficient adhesion.

On the Energy Absorption of Combined Foam-Honeycomb Layered Structures

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dora Karagiozova ◽  
Marcilio Alves
Keyword(s):  
Energy Absorption ◽  
Impact Loading ◽  
Peak Load ◽  
Theoretical Models ◽  
Cellular Materials ◽  
Dynamic Compaction ◽  
Load Reduction ◽  
Foam Material ◽  
Out Of Plane ◽  
Structural Hardening

Analytical and numerical analyses are carried in order to reveal the importance of the topology of the cellular materials for their dynamic compaction. The aim is to distinguish between the deformation mechanisms and energy absorption of materials, which exhibit structural softening, such as out-of-plane loaded honeycomb, and structural hardening (foam). It is shown that the dynamic compaction of honeycombs does not obey the law of shock wave propagation and a new phenomenological model of the velocity attenuation in out-of plane loaded honeycomb is proposed. Comparisons with some currently available theoretical models of the dynamic compaction of cellular materials are discussed when paying attention to the effect of the material homogenization of the honeycomb on their response to impact loading. A numerical analysis of a bi-layer cellular structure comprising layers with dissimilar constitutive properties is carried out to reveal the possibility for the peak load reduction in cellular structures when subjected to impact loading. In the reported examples, a foam material (Alporas with density of 245 kg/m3) and hexagonal honeycomb made of aluminium alloy AA5056 and having densities of 60.46 kg/m3 and 96 kg/m3 are used.

scholarly journals Structural hardening of composite materials based on a metal matrix

2020 ◽  
Vol 30 ◽  
pp. 136-143
Author(s):  
M.N. Safonova ◽  
A.A. Fedotov ◽  
A.S. Syromiatnikova
Keyword(s):  
Composite Materials ◽  
Metal Matrix ◽  
Structural Hardening

scholarly journals Dissimilar welding of aluminum alloys 2024 T3 and 7075 T6 by TIG process with double tungsten electrodes

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Liamine Kaba ◽  
Mohammed Elamine Djeghlal ◽  
Seddik Ouallam ◽  
Sami Kahla
Keyword(s):  
Energy Dispersive Spectrometer ◽  
Welding Process ◽  
Dissimilar Welding ◽  
Tensile Fracture ◽  
Welding Parameters ◽  
Brittle Strength ◽  
Tungsten Electrodes ◽  
Arc Welding Process ◽  
7075 Alloy ◽  
Structural Hardening

Abstract The aim of this work is to study the metallurgical and mechanical properties of dissimilar assemblies of 2024 T3 and 7075 T6 structural hardening aluminum alloy by TIG twine electrode arc welding process. It will include a weld performed according to optimized welding parameters followed by a study of the macroscopic and microscopic evolution of the dissimilar assembly (2024–7075) using optical and scanning electron microscopy (SEM); In addition, the phase compositions were analyzed with an energy dispersive spectrometer (EDS). Tensile and microhardness tests were performed. The tensile fracture was observed by SEM. We have found that this process thins the weld bead and reduces the size of the heat affected zone (HAZ) of the welded joint. The microhardness is lower in the melted area and higher on the side of the area affected by the heat especially for 7075 alloy, resulting in brittle strength and a sudden drop in breaking strength.

Structural Hardening of Excavator Teeth Used in Exploitation of Magmatic Rocks

2015 ◽  
Vol 1111 ◽  
pp. 246-251
Author(s):  
Doru Romulus Pascu ◽  
Ramona Monica Buzdugan ◽  
Aurel Valentin Bîrdeanu ◽  
Daniel Tihanov ◽  
Emilia Binchiciu
Keyword(s):  
Working Conditions ◽  
Life Time ◽  
Working Time ◽  
Active Surfaces ◽  
Magmatic Rocks ◽  
Complex Carbides ◽  
Hard Structures ◽  
Structural Hardening

The teeth of specialized excavators used in exploitation of magmatic rocks are made by forging from alloyed steels having 3.4%Mn, and the value of hardness less than 38HRC. The usual working time is about 15,000 hours.This paper estimates the possibility to make a structural hardening of the excavator teeth using the deposition by welding of hard layers. These hard layers are obtained by using the electrodes type Cr-W-V-Ti, having the hardness between 48 and 50HRC. In these conditions, the austenitic hard structures with complex carbides of W, V, Ti are developed.The presence of the hard layers on the active surfaces of teeth, deposited using an homologated technology, will allow to increase the life time of these components with minimum 30% in usually working conditions.

On-Line Aging to Improve the Tensile Strength and Conductivity of Cold-Drawing AA6201 Wires

2007 ◽  
Vol 561-565 ◽  
pp. 349-352 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tian Guo Zhou ◽  
Zheng Yi Jiang ◽  
Jing Lin Wen ◽  
A. Kiet Tieu
Keyword(s):  
Heat Treatment ◽  
Tensile Strength ◽  
Aging Treatment ◽  
High Strength ◽  
Cold Drawing ◽  
Rolling Process ◽  
Aging Heat Treatment ◽  
On Line ◽  
Structural Hardening ◽  
Better Than

AA6201 with main compositions of Mg-0.5 wt % and Si-0.5 wt %, is a typical electric conductive alloy which shows remarkable combination of high strength and high electric conductivity after heat treatment. Cold working and aging treatment process have a significant effect on its mechanical properties and conductivity. Shearing/Cooling Rolling process (SCR) was proposed to produce the feedstock for all aluminum alloy conductor. The effects of cold drawing on the properties of the alloy produced by SCR process were investigated. There are two methods used in the study, one is the cold drawing and aging heat treatment (CDAH) to produce the wires, the feedstock prepared by SCR and on-line solution, the other is the feedstock prepared by SCR and on-line solution-aging heat treatment plus cold drawing (AHCD). Results show that the AHCD can improve the properties of products due to sub-structural hardening. The tensile strength and equivalent conductivity of the alloy are 315 MPa and 55.03 % IACS respectively, and are much better than those characteristics of the alloy produced by the conventional process (295 MPa, 52.5-53.0 % IACS).

Structural hardening mechanisms of lead-cadmium-calcium alloys for battery grids

2002 ◽  
Vol 99 (5) ◽  
pp. 481-489
Author(s):  
E. Saad ◽  
I. Bouirden ◽  
E. Hilali ◽  
N. Selhaoui ◽  
K. Mahdouk ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hardening Mechanisms ◽  
Structural Hardening
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