Dissertations on the subject of the strength of materials and structural elements defended at the institute of strength problems of the Academy of Sciences of the Ukrainian SSR in 1977

1978 ◽  
Vol 10 (10) ◽  
pp. 1233-1241
Keyword(s):  
Structural Elements ◽  
Strength Of Materials ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Academy Of Sciences

scholarly journals VII. Account of experiments made on the strength of materials. By George Rennie, jun. Esq. In a letter to Thomas Young, M.D. For. Sec. R. S

1818 ◽  
Vol 108 ◽  
pp. 118-136 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Specific Gravity ◽  
Royal Society ◽  
Early Period ◽  
Strength Of Materials ◽  
The Real ◽  
Absolute Strength ◽  
Previously Treated ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Academy Of Sciences ◽  
École Polytechnique

Dear Sir, London, June 3, 1817. In presenting you the result of the following experiments, I trust I shall not be considered as deviating from my subject, in taking a cursory view of the labours of others. The knowledge of the properties of bodies which come more immediately under our observation, is so instrumental to the progress of science, that any approximation to it deserves our serious attention. The passage over a deep and rapid river, the construction of a great and noble edifice, or the combination of a more complicated piece of mechanism, are arts so peculiarly subservient to the application of these principles, that we cannot be said to proceed with safety and certainty, until we have assigned their just limits. The vague results, on which the more refined calculations of many of the most eminent writers are founded, have given rise to such a multiplicity of contradictory conclusions, that it is difficult to choose, or distinguish, the real from that which is merely specious. The connections are frequently so distant, that little reliance can be placed on them. The Royal Society appears to have instituted, at an early period, some experiments on this subject, but they have recorded little to aid us. Emerson, in his Mechanics, has laid down a number of rules, and approximations. Professor Robison in his excellent treatise in the Encyclopædia Britannica; Banks on the power of machines; Dr. Anderson of Glasgow; Colonel Beaufoy, &c. are those, amongst our countrymen, who have given the result of their experiments on wood, and iron. The subject, however, appears to have excited considerable attention on the continent. A theory was published in the year 1638, by Galileo, on the resistance of solids, and subsequently, by many other philosophers. But however plausible these investigations appeared, they were more theoretical than practical, as will be seen in the sequel. It is only by deriving a theory from careful and well directed experiments, that practical results can be obtained. It would be useless to enumerate the labours of those philosophers, who in following, or varying from the steps of Galileo, have merely tended to obscure a subject respecting which they had no data to proceed upon. It is sufficient to enumerate the names of those who, in conjunction with our own countrymen, have added their labours to the little knowledge we possess. The experiments of Buffon, recorded in the Annals of the Academy of Sciences at Paris, in the years 1740 and 1741, were on a scale sufficiently large to justify every conclusion, had he not omitted to ascertain the direct and absolute strength of the timber employed. It however appeared from his experiments, that the strength of the ligneous fibre is nearly in proportion to the specific gravity. Muschenbroeck, whose accuracy (it is said) entitled him to confidence, made a number of experiments on wood and iron, which by being tried on various specimens of the same materials, afforded a mean result considerably higher than other previous authorities. Experiments have also been made by Mariotte, Varignon, Perronet, Ramus, Rondelet, Gauthey , Navier, Aubry and Texier de Norbeck, as also at the Ecole Polytechnique, under the direction of M. Prony. With such authorities before us, it might be deemed presumption in me, to offer you a communication on a subject which had been previously treated of by so many able men. But whoever has had occasion to investigate the principles upon which any edifice is constructed, where the combination of its parts are more the result of uncertain rules than sound principle, will soon find how scanty is our knowledge on a subject so highly important. The desire of obtaining some approximation, which could only be accomplished by repeated trials on the substances themselves, induced me to undertake the following experiments; for which purpose I ordered an apparatus to be prepared, of which the two annexed plates [Plates VI. and VII.] are representations.

XXIII. On the water-barometer erected in the hall of the Royal Society

1832 ◽  
Vol 122 ◽  
pp. 539-574 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Royal Society ◽  
Physical Science ◽  
The Other ◽  
Metallic Tube ◽  
French Academy ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Subject ◽  
The Common ◽  
Academy Of Sciences ◽  
Made In

I have for some time entertained an opinion, in common with some others who have turned their attention tot he subject, that a good series of observations with a Water-Barometer, accurately constructed, might throw some light upon several important points of physical science: amongst others, upon the tides of the atmosphere; the horary oscillations of the counterpoising column; the ascending and descending rate of its greater oscillations; and the tension of vapour at different atmospheric temperatures. I have sought in vain in various scientific works, and in the Transactions of Philosophical Societies, for the record of any such observations, or for a description of an instrument calculated to afford the required information with anything approaching to precision. In the first volume of the History of the French Academy of Sciences, a cursory reference is made, in the following words, to some experiments of M. Mariotte upon the subject, of which no particulars appear to have been preserved. “Le même M. Mariotte fit aussi à l’observatoire des experiences sur le baromètre ordinaire à mercure comparé au baromètre à eau. Dans l’un le mercure s’eléva à 28 polices, et dans Fautre l’eau fut a 31 pieds Cequi donne le rapport du mercure à l’eau de 13½ à 1.” Histoire de I'Acadérmie, tom. i. p. 234. It also appears that Otto Guricke constructed a philosophical toy for the amusement of himself and friends, upon the principle of the water-barometer; but the column of water probably in this, as in all the other instances which I have met with, was raised by the imperfect rarefaction of the air in the tube above it, or by filling with water a metallic tube, of sufficient length, cemented to a glass one at its upper extremity, and fitted with a stop-cock at each end; so that when full the upper one might be closed and the lower opened, when the water would fall till it afforded an equipoise to the pressure of the atmo­sphere. The imperfections of such an instrument, it is quite clear, would render it totally unfit for the delicate investigations required in the present state of science; as, to render the observations of any value, it is absolutely necessary that the water should be thoroughly purged of air, by boiling, and its insinuation or reabsorption effectually guarded against. I was convinced that the only chance of securing these two necessary ends, was to form the whole length of tube of one piece of glass, and to boil the water in it, as is done with mercury in the common barometer. The practical difficulties which opposed themselves to such a construction long appeared to me insurmount­able; but I at length contrived a plan for the purpose, which, having been honoured with the approval of the late Meteorological Committee of this Society, was ordered to be carried into execution by the President and Council.

Scientific journals of Russia and the activities of international would-be scientific network structures

2021 ◽  
pp. 533-542
Author(s):  
Yuriy Mikhailovich Reznik
Keyword(s):  
Higher Education ◽  
Educational Institutions ◽  
Network Structures ◽  
Russian Science ◽  
News Magazines ◽  
Publishing Policy ◽  
The Subject ◽  
The Russian Federation ◽  
The Right ◽  
Academy Of Sciences

The paper deals with the problem of network dependence of Russian news magazines and the actual dictates of international network structures (Scopus, WOS, etc.) that set their own requirements for their content and quality. The latter influence not only the scientific rating of journals, but also the publishing policy of their publications. The situation is further complicated by the fact that the rules of the game imposed by them have been adopted by the country's state authorities and, first of all, by the Ministry of science and higher education of the Russian Federation, which has tightened the requirements for reports of scientific and educational institutions, as well as researchers and teachers, including mandatory publications in Scopus and other international databases. Despite the efforts made by the Presidium of the Russian Academy of Sciences and the leadership of higher education institutions, Russian science was dependent on these structures, which began to determine the directions and priorities of its development, including selecting the subject and language of journal publications. The scientific community of Russia is faced with the task of protecting the interests of journal editors and protecting the right of authors to Express their own scientific position and the ability to present publications in their native language.

The Structure of a Free Speech Right

2021 ◽  
pp. 212-230
Author(s):  
Stephen Gardbaum
Keyword(s):  
Free Speech ◽  
Freedom Of Expression ◽  
Common Law ◽  
Structural Elements ◽  
The Third ◽  
The Subject ◽  
The Right ◽  
Free Speech Rights

This chapter describes the structural elements or components of a free speech right. The nature and extent of a free speech right depends upon a number of legal components. The first is the legal source of the right (in common law, statute, or a constitution) and the force of the right having regard to how it is enforced, and whether and how it can be superseded. The second component is the ‘subject’ of free speech rights, or who are the rights-holders: citizens, natural or legal persons. The third is the ‘scope’ of a free speech right, while the fourth is the kind of obligation it imposes on others: a negative prohibition or a positive obligation. The fifth component is the ‘object’ of a free speech right: who is bound to respect a right of freedom of expression and against whom the right may be asserted. Finally, there is the ‘limitation’ of a free speech right.

Russia’s Strategic Interests in the Post-Soviet Space

2010 ◽  
pp. 32-45
Author(s):  
S. Chebanov
Keyword(s):  
World Economy ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Organizational Structures ◽  
Economic Space ◽  
Efficient Integration ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Soviet Space ◽  
Cis Countries ◽  
Academy Of Sciences ◽  
Post Soviet Space

The publication represents a version of the key-note report at the session of the Academic Council of the Institute of World Economy and International Relations, Russian Academy of Sciences, on the subject "Russia’s Strategic Interests in the Post-Soviet Space", which took place at IMEMO in March 2010. A spokesperson A.N. Spartak, Dr. Sci. (Economics), Director of the All-Russian Research Conjuncture Institute, presumes that today, in all political and economic multi-vector nature of the CIS countries' present development, with a glance to ramifications of crisis, the integration perspective is growing solicited and attractive for most of them. The understanding is deepening that exactly Russia, with its economic, technological and raw materials potential, receptive market, developed transportation lines and manufacturing tides can provide an efficient integration of the CIS economic space into the world economy, without disarranging herewith technological, industrial and organizational structures of these countries' economies, and avoiding the risk of instability uprise.

scholarly journals Land dispute as an object of arbitration process

2021 ◽  
Vol 39 (3) ◽  
pp. 118-122
Author(s):  
M. A. Magomedova ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Russian Federation ◽  
Structural Elements ◽  
Legal Concept ◽  
Land Dispute ◽  
Correct Definition ◽  
Arbitration Process ◽  
The Subject ◽  
The Russian Federation ◽  
Characteristic Features ◽  
Definition Of

In the current legislation of the Russian Federation, there is no concept of a land dispute, which causes difficulties in determining the competence of an arbitration court in cases in which the object of the dispute is land. The article analyzes the general legal concept of a dispute and the sectoral concept of a land dispute developed by scientists. The author identified the characteristic features of a land dispute and its structural elements. The work reveals the influence of the structural elements of the land dispute on the type of production in which the dispute will be considered. In addition, the author concludes that the correct definition of the structural elements of the land dispute enables the arbitration court to determine the appropriate persons participating in the case, the subject of proof, the relevance and admissibility of evidence, and ultimately make a lawful and wellgrounded court decision.

scholarly journals Valeryan Sergin and the development of the Siberian landscape painting at the turn of 21st century: to the study of the artist`s works

2021 ◽  
Vol 62 ◽  
pp. 310-324
Author(s):  
Natalia V. Pokrovskaya
Keyword(s):  
Creative Work ◽  
Artistic Practice ◽  
Siberian Region ◽  
Full Member ◽  
Creative Strategy ◽  
National Tradition ◽  
Art Program ◽  
International Projects ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Academy Of Sciences

The subject of research is an artistic practice of V. A. Sergin, a national artist of Russia, a full member of the Petrovskiy Academy of Sciences and Arts, an academician of the Russian Academy of Arts, a participant in more than 180 exhibitions, including 25 national and international projects, more than 20 personal exhibitions. The paper explores artist’s creative biography in the context of Russian and Siberian traditions and analyzes bright stages of the formation and flowering of the “Siberian school” of Russia, the Krasnoyarsk organization of the Union of Artists, with regional, regional, personal exhibitions and specific works of Sergin highlighted. The author addresses artistic originality of the national tradition of the Siberian region, allowing to holistically present a wide panorama of the development of the Siberian and Russian schools. The paper consistently attempts to discover the artist’s creative laboratory and to identify the “formula” of his inspiration. The basis of the study is a set of principles and techniques of work that have been carried out in practice by the artist from the late 1950s to the present day, and takes into account the creative work of V. A. Sergin, which solves specifically pictorial issues. The creative strategy of modern artist is perceived as a universal cultural environment, a territory for the formation of artistic meanings. The creative environment in the workshop, in the open air and during travels creates the conditions for implementing the art program and reveals those processes that help demonstrate and provide the continuity of artistic traditions.

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