Solution of the problem of energy coupling in terms of chemiosmotic theory

1972 ◽  
Vol 3 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 25-38 ◽  
Author(s):  
V. P. Skulachev
Keyword(s):  
Energy Coupling ◽  
Chemiosmotic Theory

scholarly journals Entropy Production and Its Application to the Coupled Nonequilibrium Processes of ATP Synthesis

Entropy ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 21 (8) ◽  
pp. 746 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sunil Nath
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Data ◽  
Entropy Production ◽  
Physiological State ◽  
Atp Synthesis ◽  
Energy Coupling ◽  
Energy Transduction ◽  
Theoretical Research ◽  
Thermodynamic Efficiency ◽  
Chemiosmotic Theory ◽  
Torsional Mechanism

Starting from the universal concept of entropy production, a large number of new results are obtained and a wealth of novel thermodynamic, kinetic, and molecular mechanistic insights are provided into the coupling of oxidation and ATP synthesis in the vital process of oxidative phosphorylation (OX PHOS). The total dissipation, Φ , in OX PHOS with succinate as respiratory substrate is quantified from measurements, and the partitioning of Φ into the elementary components of ATP synthesis, leak, slip, and other losses is evaluated for the first time. The thermodynamic efficiency, η , of the coupled process is calculated from the data on Φ and shown to agree well with linear nonequilibrium thermodynamic calculations. Equations for the P/O ratio based on total oxygen consumed and extra oxygen consumed are derived from first principles and the source of basal (state 4) mitochondrial respiration is postulated from molecular mechanistic considerations based on Nath’s two-ion theory of energy coupling within the torsional mechanism of energy transduction and ATP synthesis. The degree of coupling, q , between oxidation and ATP synthesis is determined from the experimental data and the irreversible thermodynamics analysis. The optimality of biological free energy converters is explored in considerable detail based on (i) the standard biothermodynamic approach, and (ii) a new biothermokinetic approach developed in this work, and an effective solution that is shown to arise from consideration of the molecular aspects in Nath’s theory is formulated. New experimental data in state 4 with uncouplers and redox inhibitors of OX PHOS and on respiratory control in the physiological state 3 with ADP and uncouplers are presented. These experimental observations are shown to be incompatible with Mitchell’s chemiosmotic theory. A novel scheme of coupling based on Nath’s two-ion theory of energy coupling within the torsional mechanism is proposed and shown to explain the data and also pass the test of consistency with the thermodynamics, taking us beyond the chemiosmotic theory. It is concluded that, twenty years since its first proposal, Nath’s torsional mechanism of energy transduction and ATP synthesis is now well poised to catalyze the progress of experimental and theoretical research in this interdisciplinary field.

RF energy coupling to high-pressure optically pumped nonequilibrium plasmas

2001 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter Palm ◽  
Elke Plonjes ◽  
Wonchul Lee ◽  
Kraig Frederickson ◽  
Walter Lempert ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Pressure ◽  
Energy Coupling ◽  
Optically Pumped ◽  
Nonequilibrium Plasmas ◽  
Rf Energy

Discovery of Antibacterial Agents Inhibiting the Energy-Coupling Factor (ECF) Transporters by Structure-Based Virtual Screening

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eleonora Diamanti ◽  
Inda Setyawati ◽  
Spyridon Bousis ◽  
leticia mojas ◽  
lotteke Swier ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Virtual Screening ◽  
Antibacterial Agents ◽  
Antimicrobial Agents ◽  
Energy Coupling ◽  
Coupling Factor ◽  
Design Synthesis ◽  
Screening Design ◽  
Starting Point ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Vitamin Uptake

Here, we report on the virtual screening, design, synthesis and structure–activity relationships (SARs) of the first class of selective, antibacterial agents against the energy-coupling factor (ECF) transporters. The ECF transporters are a family of transmembrane proteins involved in the uptake of vitamins in a wide range of bacteria. Inhibition of the activity of these proteins could reduce the viability of pathogens that depend on vitamin uptake. Because of their central role in the metabolism of bacteria and their absence in humans, ECF transporters are novel potential antimicrobial targets to tackle infection. The hit compound’s metabolic and plasma stability, the potency (20, MIC Streptococcus pneumoniae = 2 µg/mL), the absence of cytotoxicity and a lack of resistance development under the conditions tested here suggest that this scaffold may represent a promising starting point for the development of novel antimicrobial agents with an unprecedented mechanism of action.<br>

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