Charge-state distributions and the population of x-ray emitting states

1979 ◽  
Vol 291 (2) ◽  
pp. 117-128 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Schul� ◽  
H. Stafast ◽  
K. Bethge
Keyword(s):  
Charge State ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Charge State Distributions

Correlation of post-foil Ne Kα X-ray emission with empirical charge state distributions

1977 ◽  
Vol 63 (3) ◽  
pp. 254-256 ◽  
Author(s):  
Forrest Hopkins ◽  
Nelson Cue ◽  
Vincent Dutkiewicz
Keyword(s):  
Charge State ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Charge State Distributions

scholarly journals Methods of charge-state analysis of fast ions inside matter based on their X-ray spectral distribution

2002 ◽  
Vol 20 (3) ◽  
pp. 479-483 ◽  
Author(s):  
F.B. ROSMEJ ◽  
R. MORE ◽  
O.N. ROSMEJ ◽  
J. WIESER ◽  
N. BORISENKO ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Charge State ◽  
Spectral Distribution ◽  
Function Theory ◽  
Charge State Distribution ◽  
Distribution Model ◽  
Profile Function ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Fast Ions ◽  
Charge State Distributions ◽  
A Charge

The X-ray spectral distribution of swift heavy Ti and Ni ions (11 MeV/u) observed inside aerogels (ρ = 0.1 g/cm3) and dense solids (quartz, ρ = 2.23 g/cm3) indicates a strong presence of simultaneous 3–5 charge states with one K-hole. We show that the theoretical analysis can be split into two tasks: first, the treatment of complex autoionizing states together with the originating spectral distribution, and, second, a charge-state distribution model. Involving the generalized line profile function theory, we discuss attempts to couple charge-state distributions.

scholarly journals xcalib: a focal spot calibrator for intense X-ray free-electron laser pulses based on the charge state distributions of light atoms

2019 ◽  
Vol 26 (4) ◽  
pp. 1017-1030 ◽  
Author(s):  
Koudai Toyota ◽  
Zoltan Jurek ◽  
Sang-Kil Son ◽  
Hironobu Fukuzawa ◽  
Kiyoshi Ueda ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Charge State ◽  
Free Electron ◽  
Free Electron Laser ◽  
Focal Spot ◽  
Experimental Results ◽  
Experimental Conditions ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Light Atoms ◽  
Charge State Distributions

The xcalib toolkit has been developed to calibrate the beam profile of an X-ray free-electron laser (XFEL) at the focal spot based on the experimental charge state distributions (CSDs) of light atoms. Characterization of the fluence distribution at the focal spot is essential to perform the volume integrations of physical quantities for a quantitative comparison between theoretical and experimental results, especially for fluence-dependent quantities. The use of the CSDs of light atoms is advantageous because CSDs directly reflect experimental conditions at the focal spot, and the properties of light atoms have been well established in both theory and experiment. Theoretical CSDs are obtained using xatom, a toolkit to calculate atomic electronic structure and to simulate ionization dynamics of atoms exposed to intense XFEL pulses, which involves highly excited multiple core-hole states. Employing a simple function with a few parameters, the spatial profile of an XFEL beam is determined by minimizing the difference between theoretical and experimental results. The optimization procedure employing the reinforcement learning technique can automatize and organize calibration procedures which, before, had been performed manually. xcalib has high flexibility, simultaneously combining different optimization methods, sets of charge states, and a wide range of parameter space. Hence, in combination with xatom, xcalib serves as a comprehensive tool to calibrate the fluence profile of a tightly focused XFEL beam in the interaction region.

Determination of Fe charge-state distributions in the Princeton large torus by Bragg crystal x-ray spectroscopy

1979 ◽  
Vol 19 (4) ◽  
pp. 1770-1779 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. W. Hill ◽  
S. von Goeler ◽  
M. Bitter ◽  
L. Campbell ◽  
R. D. Cowan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Charge State ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Charge State Distributions
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