Central, semicentral and peripheral nucleus-nucleus cross sections in a multiple collision model

1983 ◽  
Vol 20 (4) ◽  
pp. 313-315
Author(s):  
C. Pajares ◽  
A. V. Ramallo
Keyword(s):  
Cross Sections ◽  
Multiple Collision ◽  
Collision Model

Modelling Agglomeration and the Fluid Dynamic Behaviour of Agglomerates

2011 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Stu¨bing ◽  
M. Dietzel ◽  
M. Sommerfeld
Keyword(s):  
Fractal Dimension ◽  
Drag Coefficient ◽  
Cross Section ◽  
Cross Sections ◽  
Primary Particle ◽  
Radius Of Gyration ◽  
Structure Model ◽  
Collision Model ◽  
Primary Particles ◽  
The Cross

For modeling agglomeration processes in the frame of the Lagrangian approach, where the particles are treated as point masses, an extended structure model was developed. This model provides not only information on the number of primary particles in the agglomerate, but also on the geometrical distension of the agglomerates. These are for example the interception diameter, the radius of gyration, the fractal dimension and the porosity of the agglomerate using the convex hull. The question however arises now, which is the proper agglomerate cross-section for the calculation of the drag force. In order to find an answer, the Lattice-Boltzmann-Method (LBM) was applied for simulating the flow about fixed agglomerates of different morphology and number of primary particles involved. From these simulations the drag coefficient was determined using different possible cross-sections of the agglomerate. Numerous simulations showed that the cross-section of the convex hull yields a drag coefficient which is almost independent on the structure of the agglomerate if they have the same cross-sectional area in flow direction. Using the cross-section of the volume equivalent sphere showed a very large scatter in the simulated drag coefficient. This information was accounted for in the Lagrangian agglomeration model. The basis of modeling particle collisions and possible agglomeration was the stochastic inter-particle collision model accounting for the impact efficiency. The possibility of particle sticking was based on a critical velocity determined from an energy balance which accounts for dissipation and the van der Waals adhesion. If the instantaneous relative velocity between the particles is smaller than this critical velocity agglomeration occurs. In order to allow the determination of the agglomerate structure reference vectors are stored between a reference particle and all other primary particles collected in the agglomerate. For describing the collision of a new primary particle with an agglomerate the collision model was extended in order to determine which primary particle in the agglomerate is the collision partner. For demonstrating the capabilities of the Lagrangian agglomerate structure model the dispersion and collision of small primary particles in a homogeneous isotropic turbulence was considered. From these calculations statistics on the properties of the agglomerates were made, e.g. number of primary particles, radius of gyration, porosity, sphericity and fractal dimension. Finally, the dispersion of particles in vertical grid turbulence was calculated by the Lagrangian approach. For one selected model agglomerate, dispersion calculations were performed with different possible characteristic cross-sections of the agglomerate. These calculations gave a deviation of the mean square dispersion of up to 20% after a dispersion time of 0.4 seconds for the different cross-sections. This demonstrates that a proper selection of the cross-section is essential for calculating agglomerate motion in turbulent flows.

POTENTIAL ENERGY SURFACES AND DYNAMICS OF THE EXCITED OH(A2Σ+) IN COLLISIONS WITH HE AND CO(X1Σ+)

1989 ◽  
Author(s):  
Αγγελική Βεγίρη
Keyword(s):  
Potential Energy ◽  
Cross Sections ◽  
Potential Energy Surfaces ◽  
Dynamical Behaviour ◽  
Multiple Collision ◽  
Close Coupling ◽  
Total Cross Sections ◽  
Analytical Potential ◽  
Classical Trajectories ◽  
Energy Surfaces

THE AIM OF THE WORK WAS THE THEORETICAL STUDY OF THE DYNAMICAL BEHAVIOUR OF THEEXCITED OH(A2Σ+) IN COLLISIONS WITH HE AND CO. AB INITION POTENTIAL CURVES OF HEO AND POTENTIAL ENERGY SURFACES OF HEOH FOR THE FIRST THREE STATES WERE CALCULATED. AN ANALYTICAL POTENTIAL FUNCTION FOR THE EXCITED 22A' STATE WAS PRODUCED AND CLOSE-COUPLING SPIN AVERAGED TOTAL CROSS SECTIONS WERE CALCULATED.IT WAS FOUND THAT EVEN ROTATIONAL TRANSITIONS ARE FAVOURED OVER THE ODE ONES. THE COMPUTED PARTIAL CROSS SECTIONS SHOWED SECONDARY MINIMA AND EXPLANATION WAS THOUGHT BY EXAMING THE APPROPRIATE CLASSICAL TRAJECTORIES. THESE FEATURES WERE ATTRIBUTED TO MULTIPLE COLLISION EFFECTS IN THE ELECTRONIC DEEXITATION OF OH(A2Σ+) IN COLLISIONS WITH GROUND STATE CO WAS STUDIED. THE CALCULATIONS CONFIRM THE EXPERIMENTALLY DEDUCED PICTURE OF A COLLISION COMPLEX FORMATION AND THUS THE DEPENDENCE OF THE QUENCHING CROSS SECTION ON THE ROTATIONAL EXCITATION OF OH(A2Σ+) AND THE COLLISION TEMPERATURE. THE STUDY OF THE DYNAMICAL BEHAVIOUR OF THE EXCITED OH WITH HE, BY RUNNING CLASSICAL TRAJECTORIES REVEALEDTHAT THE MOST IMPORTANT PATH OF THE QUENCHING IS THROUGH THE FORMATION OF THE C2V SYMMETRY COMPLEX.

scholarly journals Multiplicity distribution inK + Al andK + Au collisions at 250 GeV/c and a test of the multiple collision model

1989 ◽  
Vol 42 (3) ◽  
pp. 377-385 ◽  
Author(s):  
◽  
I. V. Ajinenko ◽  
Yu. A. Belokopytoy ◽  
H. Bialkowska ◽  
H. Boettcher ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Multiplicity Distribution ◽  
Multiple Collision ◽  
Collision Model

Multiple-collision model for high-energy nucleus-nucleus collisions

1989 ◽  
Vol 39 (9) ◽  
pp. 2606-2616 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cheuk-Yin Wong ◽  
Zhong-Dao Lu
Keyword(s):  
High Energy ◽  
Multiple Collision ◽  
Collision Model
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