Determination of the buoyant density of canine distemper virus by radioassay

1975 ◽  
Vol 47 (4) ◽  
pp. 319-329 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aileen M. T. Armitage ◽  
H. J. C. Cornwell ◽  
N. G. Wright ◽  
A. R. Weir
Keyword(s):  
Canine Distemper Virus ◽  
Buoyant Density ◽  
Canine Distemper

scholarly journals Persistence of vaccine immunity against canine parvovirus and canine distemper virus for determination of vaccine protocol in dogs: impacts and challenges in Brazil

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (11) ◽  
pp. e127101119472
Author(s):  
Raiany Borges Duarte ◽  
Samara Moreira Felizarda ◽  
Mayra Parreira Oliveira ◽  
Júlia Martins Soares ◽  
Ísis Indaiara Gonçalves Granjeiro Taques ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Canine Distemper Virus ◽  
Average Duration ◽  
Vaccination Strategy ◽  
Canine Parvovirus ◽  
Canine Distemper ◽  
Serological Tests ◽  
Humoral Immune ◽  
Determining Factor ◽  
Vaccine Immunity

Vaccine protocols were established for dogs and cats, considering the circulating period of maternal antibodies from the puppies, the type of antigen used to make the vaccines and the vaccine immunity duration. This study aimed to approach the duration of vaccine immunity against the canine parvovirus (CPV-2) and the canine distemper virus (CDV), as determining factor to choose the adequate vaccine protocol, besides to stand out the main implications found in Brazil that difficult the application of these current protocols, as the technical challenges to use them. For that, this article described some information about the types of current vaccines, the immunity duration against the CPV-2 and CDV, as well the respective vaccine protocols that were applied. The searches were done in the database of PubMed, SciELO, Google Scholar, Capes Journals and academic books, by the following keywords: vaccination guidelines; humoral immune response; vaccination strategy; distemper; parvovirus infection; and duration of vaccine immunity. Considering the facts, it is understood that the annual revaccination against the CPV-2 and CDV for dogs must be individually assessed, because the vaccine immunity has an average duration of three years, that is, the best alternative for the animal would be the application of routine serological tests, aiming to assess if the antibodies titration remains protective. Another alternative is the use of divalent or trivalent vaccines.

Buoyant density of canine distemper virus

1973 ◽  
Vol 41 (4) ◽  
pp. 310-318 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. A. Phillips ◽  
R. H. Bussell
Keyword(s):  
Canine Distemper Virus ◽  
Buoyant Density ◽  
Canine Distemper

scholarly journals Computational Analysis Reveals a Critical Point Mutation in the N-Terminal Region of the Signaling Lymphocytic Activation Molecule Responsible for the Cross-Species Infection with Canine Distemper Virus

Molecules ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 26 (5) ◽  
pp. 1262
Author(s):  
Yuta Yamamoto ◽  
Shogo Nakano ◽  
Fumio Seki ◽  
Yasuteru Shigeta ◽  
Sohei Ito ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Computational Chemistry ◽  
Measles Virus ◽  
Canine Distemper Virus ◽  
Infection Process ◽  
Terminal Region ◽  
Canine Distemper ◽  
Signaling Lymphocytic Activation Molecule ◽  
High Flexibility ◽  
H Protein

Infection of hosts by morbilliviruses is facilitated by the interaction between viral hemagglutinin (H-protein) and the signaling lymphocytic activation molecule (SLAM). Recently, the functional importance of the n-terminal region of human SLAM as a measles virus receptor was demonstrated. However, the functional roles of this region in the infection process by other morbilliviruses and host range determination remain unknown, partly because this region is highly flexible, which has hampered accurate structure determination of this region by X-ray crystallography. In this study, we analyzed the interaction between the H-protein from canine distemper virus (CDV-H) and SLAMs by a computational chemistry approach. Molecular dynamics simulations and fragment molecular orbital analysis demonstrated that the unique His28 in the N-terminal region of SLAM from Macaca is a key determinant that enables the formation of a stable interaction with CDV-H, providing a basis for CDV infection in Macaca. The computational chemistry approach presented should enable the determination of molecular interactions involving regions of proteins that are difficult to predict from crystal structures because of their high flexibility.

scholarly journals Computational Analysis Reveals a Critical Point Mutation in the N-Terminal Region of the Signaling Lymphocytic Activation Molecule Responsible for the Cross-Species Infection with Canine Distemper Virus

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yuta Yamamoto ◽  
Shogo Nakano ◽  
Fumio Seki ◽  
Yasuteru Shigeta ◽  
Sohei Ito ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Computational Chemistry ◽  
Measles Virus ◽  
Canine Distemper Virus ◽  
Infection Process ◽  
Terminal Region ◽  
Canine Distemper ◽  
Signaling Lymphocytic Activation Molecule ◽  
High Flexibility ◽  
H Protein

Infection of hosts by morbilliviruses is facilitated by the interaction between viral hemagglutinin (H-protein) and the signaling lymphocytic activation molecule (SLAM). Recently, the functional importance of the N-terminal region of human SLAM as a measles virus receptor was demonstrated. However, the functional roles of this region in the infection process by other morbilliviruses and host range determination remain unknown partly because this region is highly flexible, which has hampered accurate structure determination of this region by X-ray crystallography. In this study, we analyzed the interaction between the H-protein from canine distemper virus (CDV-H) and SLAMs by a computational chemistry approach. Molecular dynamics simulations and fragment molecular orbital analysis demonstrated that the unique His28 in the N-terminal region of SLAM from Macaca is a key determinant that enables formation of a stable interaction with CDV-H, providing a basis for CDV infection in Macaca. The computational chemistry approach presented should enable determination of molecular interactions involving regions of proteins that are difficult to predict from crystal structures because of their high flexibility.

scholarly journals Intratumoral Canine Distemper Virus Infection Inhibits Tumor Growth by Modulation of the Tumor Microenvironment in a Murine Xenograft Model of Canine Histiocytic Sarcoma

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (7) ◽  
pp. 3578
Author(s):  
Federico Armando ◽  
Adnan Fayyad ◽  
Stefanie Arms ◽  
Yvonne Barthel ◽  
Dirk Schaudien ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Tumor Microenvironment ◽  
Virus Infection ◽  
Tumor Growth ◽  
Canine Distemper Virus ◽  
Xenograft Model ◽  
Histiocytic Sarcoma ◽  
Oncolytic Viruses ◽  
Canine Distemper ◽  
Murine Xenograft Model ◽  
The Impact

Histiocytic sarcomas refer to highly aggressive tumors with a poor prognosis that respond poorly to conventional treatment approaches. Oncolytic viruses, which have gained significant traction as a cancer therapy in recent decades, represent a promising option for treating histiocytic sarcomas through their replication and/or by modulating the tumor microenvironment. The live attenuated canine distemper virus (CDV) vaccine strain Onderstepoort represents an attractive candidate for oncolytic viral therapy. In the present study, oncolytic virotherapy with CDV was used to investigate the impact of this virus infection on tumor cell growth through direct oncolytic effects or by virus-mediated modulation of the tumor microenvironment with special emphasis on angiogenesis, expression of selected MMPs and TIMP-1 and tumor-associated macrophages in a murine xenograft model of canine histiocytic sarcoma. Treatment of mice with xenotransplanted canine histiocytic sarcomas using CDV induced overt retardation in tumor progression accompanied by necrosis of neoplastic cells, increased numbers of intratumoral macrophages, reduced angiogenesis and modulation of the expression of MMPs and TIMP-1. The present data suggest that CDV inhibits tumor growth in a multifactorial way, including direct cell lysis and reduction of angiogenesis and modulation of MMPs and their inhibitor TIMP-1, providing further support for the concept of its role in oncolytic therapies.

scholarly journals Drivers of canine distemper virus exposure in dogs at a wildlife interface in Janos, Mexico

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Rocío Almuna ◽  
Andrés M. López‐Pérez ◽  
Rosa E. Sarmiento ◽  
Gerardo Suzán
Keyword(s):  
Canine Distemper Virus ◽  
Canine Distemper ◽  
Virus Exposure

scholarly journals Antiviral Screen against Canine Distemper Virus-Induced Membrane Fusion Activity

Viruses ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 128
Author(s):  
Neeta Shrestha ◽  
Flavio M. Gall ◽  
Jonathan Vesin ◽  
Marc Chambon ◽  
Gerardo Turcatti ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Membrane Fusion ◽  
Small Molecule ◽  
High Throughput Screening ◽  
Measles Virus ◽  
Canine Distemper Virus ◽  
Rna Virus ◽  
Preventive Measure ◽  
Close Relative ◽  
Fusion Activity ◽  
Canine Distemper

Canine distemper virus (CDV), a close relative of the human pathogen measles virus (MeV), is an enveloped, negative sense RNA virus that belongs to the genus Morbillivirus and causes severe diseases in dogs and other carnivores. Although the vaccination is available as a preventive measure against the disease, the occasional vaccination failure highlights the importance of therapeutic alternatives such as antivirals against CDV. The morbilliviral cell entry system relies on two interacting envelope glycoproteins: the attachment (H) and fusion (F) proteins. Here, to potentially discover novel entry inhibitors targeting CDV H, F and/or the cognate receptor: signaling lymphocyte activation molecule (SLAM) proteins, we designed a quantitative cell-based fusion assay that matched high-throughput screening (HTS) settings. By screening two libraries of small molecule compounds, we successfully identified two membrane fusion inhibitors (F2736-3056 and F2261-0043). Although both inhibitors exhibited similarities in structure and potency with the small molecule compound 3G (an AS-48 class morbilliviral F-protein inhibitor), F2736-3056 displayed improved efficacy in blocking fusion activity when a 3G-escape variant was employed. Altogether, we present a cell-based fusion assay that can be utilized not only to discover antiviral agents against CDV but also to dissect the mechanism of morbilliviral-mediated cell-binding and cell-to-cell fusion activity.

scholarly journals Seroprevalence and risk factors of canine distemper virus in the pet and stray dogs in Haa, western Bhutan

2020 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Tshering Dorji ◽  
Tenzin Tenzin ◽  
Kuenga Tenzin ◽  
Dawa Tshering ◽  
Karma Rinzin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Canine Distemper Virus ◽  
Canine Distemper ◽  
Stray Dogs

scholarly journals Vaccination against Canine Distemper Virus Infection in Infant Ferrets with and without Maternal Antibody Protection, Using Recombinant Attenuated Poxvirus Vaccines

2000 ◽  
Vol 74 (14) ◽  
pp. 6358-6367 ◽  
Author(s):  
Janet Welter ◽  
Jill Taylor ◽  
James Tartaglia ◽  
Enzo Paoletti ◽  
Charles B. Stephensen
Keyword(s):  
Canine Distemper Virus ◽  
Clinical Signs ◽  
Neutralizing Antibody ◽  
Maternal Antibody ◽  
Canine Distemper ◽  
Parenteral Immunization ◽  
Multiple Routes ◽  
Antibody Titers ◽  
Group 3 ◽  
Rabies Glycoprotein

ABSTRACT Canine distemper virus (CDV) infection of ferrets is clinically and immunologically similar to measles, making this a useful model for the human disease. The model was used to determine if parenteral or mucosal immunization of infant ferrets at 3 and 6 weeks of age with attenuated vaccinia virus (NYVAC) or canarypox virus (ALVAC) vaccine strains expressing the CDV hemagglutinin (H) and fusion (F) protein genes (NYVAC-HF and ALVAC-HF) would induce serum neutralizing antibody and protect against challenge infection at 12 weeks of age. Ferrets without maternal antibody that were vaccinated parenterally with NYVAC-HF (n = 5) or ALVAC-HF (n = 4) developed significant neutralizing titers (log10 inverse mean titer ± standard deviation of 2.30 ± 0.12 and 2.20 ± 0.34, respectively) by the day of challenge, and all survived with no clinical or virologic evidence of infection. Ferrets without maternal antibody that were vaccinated intranasally (i.n.) developed lower neutralizing titers, with NYVAC-HF producing higher titers at challenge (1.11 ± 0.57 versus 0.40 ± 0.37, P = 0.02) and a better survival rate (6/7 versus 0/5, P = 0.008) than ALVAC-HF. Ferrets with maternal antibody that were vaccinated parenterally with NYVAC-HF (n = 7) and ALVAC-HF (n = 7) developed significantly higher antibody titers (1.64 ± 0.54 and 1.28 ± 0.40, respectively) than did ferrets immunized with an attenuated CDV vaccine (0.46 ± 0.59;n = 7) or the recombinant vectors expressing rabies glycoprotein (RG) (0.19 ± 0.32; n = 8,P = 7 × 10−6). The NYVAC vaccine also protected against weight loss, and both the NYVAC and attenuated CDV vaccines protected against the development of some clinical signs of infection, although survival in each of the three vaccine groups was low (one of seven) and not significantly different from the RG controls (none of eight). Combined i.n.-parenteral immunization of ferrets with maternal antibody using NYVAC-HF (n = 9) produced higher titers (1.63 ± 0.25) than did i.n. immunization with NYVAC-HF (0.88 ± 0.36; n = 9) and ALVAC-HF (0.61 ± 0.43; n = 9, P = 3 × 10−7), and survival was also significantly better in the i.n.-parenteral group (3 of 9) than in the other HF-vaccinated animals (none of 18) or in controls immunized with RG (none of 5) (P = 0.0374). Multiple routes were not tested with the ALVAC vaccine. The results suggest that infant ferrets are less responsive to i.n. vaccination than are older ferrets and raises questions about the appropriateness of this route of immunization in infant ferrets or infants of other species.

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