Mechanical polarization of polar dielectrics

1977 ◽  
Vol 20 (2) ◽  
pp. 258-259
Author(s):  
V. P. Petrosyan
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Polarization

Mechanical polarization in the air-current sensory hair of a cricket

1989 ◽  
Vol 45 (11-12) ◽  
pp. 1082-1083 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Kanou ◽  
T. Osawa ◽  
T. Shimozawa
Keyword(s):  
Sensory Hair ◽  
Mechanical Polarization

Asymmetry in mechanical polarization switching

2017 ◽  
Vol 110 (22) ◽  
pp. 222903 ◽  
Author(s):  
Haidong Lu ◽  
Shi Liu ◽  
Ziyu Ye ◽  
Shintaro Yasui ◽  
Hiroshi Funakubo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Polarization Switching ◽  
Mechanical Polarization

scholarly journals Desmosomes pattern cell mechanics to govern epidermal tissue form and function

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joshua A. Broussard ◽  
Jennifer L. Koetsier ◽  
Kathleen J. Green
Keyword(s):  
Cell Mechanics ◽  
Basal Layer ◽  
Filamentous Actin ◽  
Differentiation Markers ◽  
Form And Function ◽  
Cell Layers ◽  
Multiple Cell ◽  
Functional Features ◽  
Mechanical Polarization ◽  
And Function

SummaryThe epidermis is a stratified epithelium in which structural and functional features are polarized across multiple cell layers. This type of polarity is essential for establishing the epidermal barrier, but how it is created and sustained is poorly understood. Previous work identified a role for the classical cadherin/filamentous-actin network in establishment of epidermal polarity. However, little is known about potential roles of the most prominent epidermal intercellular junction, the desmosome, in establishing epidermal polarity, in spite of the fact that desmosome constituents are patterned across the apical to basal cell layers. Here, we show that desmosomes and their associated intermediate filaments (IF) are key regulators of mechanical polarization in epidermis, whereby basal and suprabasal cells experience different forces that drive layer-specific functions. Uncoupling desmosomes and IF or specific targeting of apical desmosomes through depletion of the superficial desmosomal cadherin, desmoglein 1, impedes basal (stratification) and suprabasal (tight junction barrier) functions. Surprisingly, disengaging desmosomes from IF also uncouples stratification from differentiation, accelerating the expression of differentiation markers. Our data support a model in which the desmosome-IF network supports a reciprocally organized distribution of ErbB1/EGFR activity in the basal layer and mechanosensitive kinase ErbB2 activity in the suprabasal layer to ensure the proper spatiotemporal coordination of cell mechanics and the biochemical program of differentiation.

scholarly journals Intracellular Mechanics of Migrating Fibroblasts

2005 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
pp. 328-338 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thomas P. Kole ◽  
Yiider Tseng ◽  
Ingjye Jiang ◽  
Joseph L. Katz ◽  
Denis Wirtz
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Cell Migration ◽  
Leading Edge ◽  
Microtubule Network ◽  
Directed Cell Migration ◽  
Motile Cells ◽  
Cytoskeleton Reorganization ◽  
Scratch Wound ◽  
Mechanical Polarization ◽  
Biochemical Signals

Cell migration is a highly coordinated process that occurs through the translation of biochemical signals into specific biomechanical events. The biochemical and structural properties of the proteins involved in cell motility, as well as their subcellular localization, have been studied extensively. However, how these proteins work in concert to generate the mechanical properties required to produce global motility is not well understood. Using intracellular microrheology and a fibroblast scratch-wound assay, we show that cytoskeleton reorganization produced by motility results in mechanical stiffening of both the leading lamella and the perinuclear region of motile cells. This effect is significantly more pronounced in the leading edge, suggesting that the mechanical properties of migrating fibroblasts are spatially coordinated. Disruption of the microtubule network by nocodazole treatment results in the arrest of cell migration and a loss of subcellular mechanical polarization; however, the overall mechanical properties of the cell remain mostly unchanged. Furthermore, we find that activation of Rac and Cdc42 in quiescent fibroblasts elicits mechanical behavior similar to that of migrating cells. We conclude that a polarized mechanics of the cytoskelton is essential for directed cell migration and is coordinated through microtubules.

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