Determining the optimum quantity of sulfite lye for chrome-magnesite brick

Refractories ◽  
1966 ◽  
Vol 7 (11-12) ◽  
pp. 672-673
Author(s):  
I. L. Kotik ◽  
S. T. Balyuk
Keyword(s):  
Optimum Quantity ◽  
Magnesite Brick

The Optimum Quantity of Money

1970 ◽  
Vol 2 (4) ◽  
pp. 397 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jerome L. Stein ◽  
Milton Friedman
Keyword(s):  
Optimum Quantity

Patent Storage Research of Cooperation between S&T-Oriented Small-Micro Enterprises and Universities in University-Industry-Government Based on EPQ Model with Shortage

2013 ◽  
Vol 834-836 ◽  
pp. 2049-2052
Author(s):  
Wan Qiong Lin ◽  
Shi Bin Su
Keyword(s):  
Chinese Economy ◽  
Optimum Quantity ◽  
Epq Model ◽  
University Industry ◽  
Micro Enterprises

Based on the practical demand of the development of Chinese economy for the cooperation of S&T-oriented small-micro enterprises with university-industry-government, herein we analyzed the issue of patent storage in the cooperation between S&T-oriented small-micro enterprises and universities by a EPQ model with shortage. We calculated the optimum quantity and cycle for patent research, proposing a direction towards further studies. This article is specific to the enhancement for the previous work by Ye and Su (2013).

On the optimum quantity of money

2004 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 39-52 ◽  
Author(s):  
William Barnett ◽  
Walter Block
Keyword(s):  
Optimum Quantity

Copper Filling of Deep Sub-µm Through-Holes by High-Vacuum Planar Magnetron Sputtering Using Argon Gas with Added Nitrogen: Optimum Quantity of Nitrogen in Argon Gas

2006 ◽  
Vol 45 (2A) ◽  
pp. 736-738 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shigeru Saito ◽  
Yoshio Uhara ◽  
Takahide Uenosono ◽  
Jyunichi Nagata ◽  
Minemasa Oyama ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Magnetron Sputtering ◽  
High Vacuum ◽  
Argon Gas ◽  
Optimum Quantity ◽  
Planar Magnetron

scholarly journals A surprising mechanism lacking the Ni(0) state during the Ni(II)-catalyzed P–C cross-coupling reaction performed in the absence of a reducing agent – An experimental and a theoretical study

2020 ◽  
Vol 92 (3) ◽  
pp. 493-503 ◽  
Author(s):  
Réka Henyecz ◽  
Zoltán Mucsi ◽  
György Keglevich
Keyword(s):  
Theoretical Study ◽  
No Reduction ◽  
Active Catalyst ◽  
Theoretical Calculations ◽  
Coupling Reaction ◽  
Reducing Agent ◽  
Catalyst Precursor ◽  
Ni Catalysts ◽  
Optimum Quantity ◽  
Cross Coupling Reaction

AbstractThe Hirao reaction, i.e. the P–C coupling between a bromoarene and a >P(O)H reagent performed in most cases in the presence of a Pd(0) complex incorporating a P-ligand may also be carried out applying a Ni(II) catalyst precursor with or without Zn or Mg as the reducing agent. The Ni catalysts may include P- or N-ligands. B3LYP/6-31G(d,p)//PCM(MeCN) quantum chemical calculations suggested that the mechanism of the NiX2 catalyzed (X=Cl or Br) P–C couplings performed in the absence of a reducing agent, and in the excess of the >P(O)H reagent serving as the P-ligand (via its tautomeric >POH form) is completely different from that of the Pd(OAc)2 promoted version, as no reduction of the Ni(II) occurs. In the two variations mentioned, the active catalyst is the dehydrobrominated species derived from primary complex [(HO)Y2P]2Ni(II)Br2, and the [(HO)Y2P]2Pd(0) complex itself, respectively. Both species undergo temporary oxidation (to “Ni(IV)” and “Pd(II)”, respectively) in the catalytic cycle. During the catalysis with “P2Ni(II)X2”, one of the P-ligands serves the >P(O)H function of the ArP(O)H <  product. The consequence of this difference is that in the Ni(II)-catalyzed case, somewhat less >P(O)H-species is needed than in the Pd(0)-promoted instance. Applying 10 % of the Pd(OAc)2 or NiX2 precursor, the optimum quantity of the P-reagent is 1.3 equivalent and, in the first approach, 1.1 equivalent, respectively. Preparative experiments justified the new mechanism explored. The ligation of Ni(II) was also investigated by theoretical calculations. It was proved that the bis-complexation is the most favorable energetically as compared to the mono-, tri- and tetra-ligation.

scholarly journals Artificial Mitochondria Transfer: Current Challenges, Advances, and Future Applications

2017 ◽  
Vol 2017 ◽  
pp. 1-23 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrés Caicedo ◽  
Pedro M. Aponte ◽  
Francisco Cabrera ◽  
Carmen Hidalgo ◽  
Maroun Khoury
Keyword(s):  
Power Plants ◽  
Ethical Issues ◽  
Transport Processes ◽  
Optimum Quantity ◽  
Cell Tissue ◽  
Mitochondrial Transfer ◽  
Mitochondria Transfer ◽  
Key Questions

The objective of this review is to outline existing artificial mitochondria transfer techniques and to describe the future steps necessary to develop new therapeutic applications in medicine. Inspired by the symbiotic origin of mitochondria and by the cell’s capacity to transfer these organelles to damaged neighbors, many researchers have developed procedures to artificially transfer mitochondria from one cell to another. The techniques currently in use today range from simple coincubations of isolated mitochondria and recipient cells to the use of physical approaches to induce integration. These methods mimic natural mitochondria transfer. In order to use mitochondrial transfer in medicine, we must answer key questions about how to replicate aspects of natural transport processes to improve current artificial transfer methods. Another priority is to determine the optimum quantity and cell/tissue source of the mitochondria in order to induce cell reprogramming or tissue repair, in both in vitro and in vivo applications. Additionally, it is important that the field explores how artificial mitochondria transfer techniques can be used to treat different diseases and how to navigate the ethical issues in such procedures. Without a doubt, mitochondria are more than mere cell power plants, as we continue to discover their potential to be used in medicine.

The Roles of Money in an Economy and the Optimum Quantity of Money: Reply

Economica ◽  
1973 ◽  
Vol 40 (160) ◽  
pp. 432 ◽  
Author(s):  
Morris Perlman
Keyword(s):  
Optimum Quantity
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