The positive relation between average labour productivity and labour intensity

1973 ◽  
Vol 33 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 115-126
Author(s):  
S. K. Kuipers
Keyword(s):  
Labour Productivity ◽  
Positive Relation ◽  
Labour Intensity ◽  
Average Labour Productivity

scholarly journals Evaluation of Availability of Human, Scientific, Technological and Innovative Potential in the Context of Priorities in Scientific and Technological Development of the Russian Federation

2018 ◽  
pp. 460-479 ◽  
Author(s):  
Magomed Sh. Mintsaev ◽  
Irina E. Ilina ◽  
Svetlana L. Parfenova ◽  
Vladislava N. Dolgova ◽  
Elena N. Zharova ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Russian Federation ◽  
Technological Development ◽  
Labour Productivity ◽  
Scientific Activity ◽  
Labour Intensity ◽  
Scientific Technical ◽  
The Russian Federation ◽  
Innovative Potential ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Scientific And Technological Development

Introduction. The implementation of priorities of the scientific and technological development of the Russian Federation involves an assessment of the trends in the development of human, scientific, technological and innovation potential within the framework of these directions. In modern conditions of transformation of science and technology into key factors of Russian development, it is necessary to provide the country’s economy with human resources capable of withstanding “big challenges”, but at this stage there is a shortage of highly qualified specialists in many key industries that can offer a new scientific result, taking into account the prospects for its application. The purpose of the article is to develop an approach to assess the human, scientific, technological and innovative potentials in the context of priorities in the scientific and technological development of the Russian Federation and its validation using the example of three priorities. Materials and Methods. The materials of this study draw on Rosstat and FSMNO ; Rospatent; Web of Science and Scopus. The object of research is to assess human, scientific, technological and innovative potential in the context of priorities in scientific and technological development of the Russian Federation. In the course of the research, a multiplicative model of the impact of the availability of human, scientific, technological and innovative capacity on labour intensity was developed. In the process of research, the following research and analysis methods were used: comparison, induction and deduction method, generalisation method, chain substitution method, logical structure study, system analysis, and special methods of statistical, comparative analysis. In the methodological plan, we used the system and process appro aches in the basis of the study. Results. The study revealed that the labour intensity in 2016 for all three priorities of the scientific and technological revolution of the Russian Federation has increased. Therefore, according to the priorities of the scientific and technological revolution of the Russian Federation, the availability of scientific, technological and innovative potential is not sufficient, which leads to a decrease in the reverse indicator of labour intensity - labour productivity in the markets within the framework of these priorities. Concerning the impact on labour intensity in all three priorities, one observes: the growth of “collaborations” in fundamental research, the applied effectiveness of scientific activity, “collaborations” of applied research; reduction in citations from scientific articles, low patent activity of engineering and technical workers, technological demand for patents. Therefore, against the background of emerging collaborative activity of actors in the process of research and development and the growth of the applied effectiveness of scientific activity, there is a low level of orientation of scientific and scientific-technical results to c ommercialisation. Discussion and Conclusions. On the basis of the multiplicative model developed by the authors for assessing the impact of the provision of human, scientific, technological and innovative capacities on labor intensity, it was tested on the example of the three priorities of the scientific and technological development of the Russian Federation (a, b, c). It was revealed that the labour intensity in 2016, according to the priorities of the Scientific and Technical Council of the Russian Federation, increased, and the availability of scientific, technological and innovative potential is not sufficient, which leads to a decrease in the inverse measure of labour intensity - labour productivity in high-tech markets within the framework of these priorities. Concerning the impact on labour intensity for all three priorities, it was revealed: the growth of “collaborations” of fundamental research, the applied effectiveness of scientific activity, “collaborations” of applied research; reduction in citations from scientific articles, low patent activity of engineering and technical workers, technological demand for patents. It was also revealed that against the background of the emerging collaborative activity of actors in the process of research and development and the growth of the applied effectiveness of scientific activity, there is a low level of orientation of scientific and scientific-technical results to commercialisation.

scholarly journals THE PHILLIPS CURVE IN PORTUGAL

2013 ◽  
Vol 31 (60) ◽  
Author(s):  
Agostinho Silvestre Rosa
Keyword(s):  
Unemployment Rate ◽  
Productivity Growth ◽  
Inflation Rate ◽  
Phillips Curve ◽  
Labour Productivity ◽  
Annual Data ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Labour Productivity Growth ◽  
Average Labour Productivity ◽  
Wage Inflation

This paper estimates the Phillips curve in Portugal using the Johansen Method, with the wage inflation rate as a dependent variable, based on annual data from the period 1954-1995. The main conclusions are as follows. Firstly, in the long term, the wage inflation rate relates positively to the inflation rate and negatively to the unemployment rate, as expected. There is also a positive relationship between the wage inflation rate and the average labour productivity growth index. Secondly, in the short term, the variation of the wage inflation rate relates negatively and significantly to the error correction mechanism with a negative unitary coefficient; therefore, there is a quick and significant response to the equilibrium error between the wage inflation rate and its determinants. Besides this adjustment, the wage inflation rate responds positively to a lagged wage inflation rate. The variation in the unemployment rate and the average labour productivity growth present the expected signal, negative and positive respectively, but without significance in the short term. The dummy that refers to the April 1974 revolution is significant.

scholarly journals Control of Production Personnel when Performing Vehicle Maintenance

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (6) ◽  
pp. 238-247
Author(s):  
D. V. Maltsev ◽  
D. S. Repetsky
Keyword(s):  
Labour Productivity ◽  
Video Recording ◽  
Highly Qualified ◽  
Repair Work ◽  
Management Level ◽  
Control Functions ◽  
Labour Intensity ◽  
Technical Maintenance ◽  
Partial Execution

The objective of this article is to analyse labour discipline of production personnel when performing vehicle maintenance works. Currently, many car service enterprises practically do not control the quality of the work of the employees. These responsibilities are assigned to the lower management level – foremen, however, they are either heavily loaded with work, or are not interested in performing control functions. In addition, labour intensity of technical maintenance and repair work is set by the manufacturer at the lowest possible level, assuming that the staff is highly qualified, and the company is provided with all the necessary special tools. As a result, it is difficult or impossible for employees to meet the standards, therefore, to fulfil the plan and not lose part of the wages, they miss or do not perform part of the work paid by the client. The studies were carried out in Perm at a typical car service enterprise, which is an official dealer of a domestic car brand.The analysis of the work of the personnel was carried out by comparing the actual work performed following the technology defined by the manufacturer. For this, video recording of all the actions of an employee was carried out. The completeness of each operation was noted, as well as the time spent. Work efficiency was assessed using Spaghetti diagrams, which indicate all movements of the performers. A methodology is presented that allows to give a final assessment of the work of locksmiths, which consists in calculating penalty points for exceeding standard time, partial execution or omission of operations. A scale for evaluating performers has been developed. The results of studies of carrying out maintenance of two identical cars are presented. The shortcomings of the production personnel are discovered and analysed. To increase labour productivity, it is possible to use the principles of lean production of the 5 «S» system. It is necessary to equip the posts with tools, issue checklists to the performers and use the movement scheme at the maintenance post, equip posts with video surveillance cameras and periodically carry out selective control of work. To motivate staff, it is necessary to revise the system of bonuses and fines, considering the results of work.

scholarly journals The Degree of Labour Intensity of Collective Farmers during the Great Patriotic War: With Reference to Molotov (Perm) Region

2021 ◽  
Vol 23 (1) ◽  
pp. 146-159
Author(s):  
Yuliya B. Shuvalova ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Agricultural Production ◽  
Labour Productivity ◽  
Physical Exertion ◽  
Agricultural Work ◽  
Historical Method ◽  
Documentary Sources ◽  
Labour Intensity ◽  
Great Patriotic War ◽  
Low Levels ◽  
Perm Region

This article highlights the issue of increasing labour intensity among collective farmers during the Great Patriotic War. The dynamic of labour costs of the rural population was analysed using the case of the Molotov (Perm) Region, a typical rear territory of the time. The source base of the research is constituted by archival materials, including recently declassified statistical reports, protocols of district executive committees, and administrative documentation of district and regional levels. The author considers the wartime situation using the modernisation approach, seeing it as a crisis associated with the breaking, reorganisation, and complication of agricultural production activities. The materials are analysed using the comparative historical method. Documentary sources confirm the thesis of high labour intensity in agricultural production during the wartime period. In the year 1944, collective farmers in Molotov (Perm) Region had, on average, 335 labour (working) days, which was 20 % higher than the country average at the time. Following the increase in labour intensity caused by the war, the traditional rhythm of agricultural work in the region was largely transformed so that the workload of farmers became high throughout the year. The combination of tough labour conditions and ingrained intrinsic motivation contributed to the reorganisation and greater efficiency of agricultural activities. However, heavy physical exertion, low levels of mechanisation of work, and the lack of proper recuperation resulted in mass psychological burnouts among collective farmers by the end of the war. In fact, already in 1945, a decline in the level of labour productivity was recorded among the collective farms of Molotov (Perm) Region.

Artificial Intelligence Based Model to Predict Labour Productivity for Small & Medium Scale Bus Body Building Society in Present and Post Pandemic Situation

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bagathsingh Nagarajan ◽  
Sivakumar Annamalai ◽  
Arulkirubakaran D ◽  
Praveen Vijaya Raj P
Keyword(s):  
Artificial Intelligence ◽  
Tamil Nadu ◽  
Labour Productivity ◽  
Safety Performance ◽  
Building Society ◽  
Medium Scale ◽  
Labour Intensity ◽  
Important Concern ◽  
Manufacturing Sectors ◽  
Bus Body

Abstract In the recession, the lack of potential labour was the most important concern for the small- and medium-scale bus body fabrication industries. In the pandemic covid-19 situation, the productivity of these fabrication industries was turndown due to deprivation of labour productivity, postponement of work and cost overshoot, which may pilot to argue. In India, Central Tamil Nadu fabrication industries are buttress by immense labour intensity. In this panic situation, these industries are struggling to obtain better productivity. Diversity of earlier works on the detection of the factors with the intention of impacting labour productivity in structural industries and manufacturing sectors has been carried out by research in many countries. Nevertheless, those attempt characteristics are restricted to credentials and implemented in subjective techniques for analysis in declining bus body fabrication sectors. Ambition of this particular research is to recommend an artificial intelligence-based model to predict the “uncertainty factors” influencing labour productivity and safety performance of bus body fabrication industries related to small and medium scale in the pandemic and post pandemic situation.

scholarly journals Comparisons Of Labour Productivity And Per Capita Income In The Nordic Countries (2000-2010)

2013 ◽  
Vol 12 (8) ◽  
pp. 945 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gorm Jacobsen
Keyword(s):  
Economic Performance ◽  
Capital Mobility ◽  
Labour Force ◽  
Labour Productivity ◽  
International Comparisons ◽  
Working Hours ◽  
Living Standard ◽  
Technical Equipment ◽  
Average Labour Productivity ◽  
Per Capita

Due to increased international trade for the last decades and also increased labour and capital mobility, there has been increased interest in international comparisons of economic performance and living standard among countries. Economic performance for a country may be measured by average labour productivity while living standard is measured by production per capita. Differences in these figures among countries are determined by differences in the number of working hours per person per year and the share of the population that works. This approach gives us the opportunity to examine how living standard and economic performance are related. Labour productivity depends, in general, on the amount of labour and capital, but also on factors like the education of the labour force and in investments in more modern technical equipment. This study will give us some ideas of the relative importance of labour market policy and the necessity for investments to improve the economic conditions in a country.

scholarly journals IMPACT OF TECHNOLOGY INVESTMENT ON FIRM’S PRODUCTION EFFICIENCY FACTOR IN MANUFACTURING

2020 ◽  
Vol 0 (0) ◽  
pp. 1-21
Author(s):  
Martina Novotná ◽  
Tomáš Volek ◽  
Michael Rost ◽  
Jaroslav Vrchota
Keyword(s):  
Production Efficiency ◽  
Positive Impact ◽  
Labour Productivity ◽  
High Technology ◽  
Medium Size ◽  
Manufacturing Companies ◽  
Labour Productivity Growth ◽  
Labour Intensity ◽  
Impact Of Technology ◽  
The Impact

The goal of this paper is to investigate the impact of technology investments on production efficiency in manufacturing companies and how different these relationships are for low-technology and high-technology companies. The empirical part was based on the analysis of 2,848 large, small and medium-sized Czech companies by using Bayesian networks (BNs). The results show that technological investments have the greatest positive impact on the growth of labour productivity and on a decline in labour intensity in low technology enterprises. The technological investments have a positive impact on labour productivity growth in high-technology enterprises, but at the same time, the technological investments have an impact on the increase of labour intensity. On the contrary, the influence of investment growth was insignificant on the indicators of material and services intensity. Technologically intensive investments have a different impact on small, mediumsized and on large enterprises. The reaction of large companies depends on the category of technology intensity in contrast to small and medium-size enterprises.

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