Service conditions, properties and selection of rational technology for ladle brick

Refractories ◽  
1960 ◽  
Vol 1 (11-12) ◽  
pp. 390-394
Author(s):  
G. Z. Kukolev ◽  
S. A. Zhikharevich
Keyword(s):  
Ladle Brick ◽  
Rational Technology ◽  
Service Conditions ◽  
Selection Of

Development of Probabilistic Lifing System for Advanced Turbine Rotor Alloys

2005 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Gorelik ◽  
Y. Lenets ◽  
M. N. Menon
Keyword(s):  
Air Force ◽  
System Development ◽  
Probabilistic Approach ◽  
Turbine Rotor ◽  
Design Guidelines ◽  
Turbine Engine ◽  
Modeling Techniques ◽  
Successful Design ◽  
Service Conditions ◽  
Selection Of

Application of advanced Nickel based alloys in gas turbine rotors has risen significantly in the last two decades. It was shown by other authors that the deterministic lifing approach may be inadequate for a range of advanced turbine alloys under certain service conditions, and that a probabilistic approach results in a more relevant physics-based predictive model for such cases. Additionally, recent changes in the engine certification and design guidelines published by the FAA, Air Force, Army and other agencies call for increased application of probabilistic analysis. Thus, probabilistic lifing models become one of the key enablers for successful design and application of advanced turbine engine materials. This paper will discuss the main elements of probabilistic lifing system development for a new alloy, including material characterization requirements, selection of appropriate modeling techniques and validation plans.

Drawbacks to the Application of Long-Term Degradation Tests, with Reference to Metal Dusting of Nickel-Base Alloys at High Temperatures

2007 ◽  
Vol 539-543 ◽  
pp. 3088-3093
Author(s):  
F.Howard Stott ◽  
F. Di Gabriele ◽  
Zhu Liu
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Deposition ◽  
Petrochemical Plant ◽  
Metal Dusting ◽  
Low Oxygen ◽  
High Carbon ◽  
Actual Service ◽  
Service Conditions ◽  
Nickel Base ◽  
Selection Of

Selection of alloys for components in industrial environments at high temperature is often based on long-term tests in environments that simulate as closely as possible the actual service conditions. However, particularly for alloys that rely on formation and retention of oxide scales for protection, such tests may not be sufficient for this purpose. Several nickel-base alloys have been exposed in an 80% CO-20% H2 gas mixture at 650oC for up to 5,000h, in order to give conditions similar to those that can occur in petrochemical plant where high carbon and low oxygen activities can lead to scale breakdown and the onset of metal dusting damage. The study has shown that small changes in test conditions, such as the introduction of contaminants, the addition of CO2, the proximity to alloy surfaces on which carbon deposition and metal dusting have already been initiated and the proximity to other surfaces that can initiate such deposition, can lead to very significant decreases in the induction period, prior to breakdown of the scale and the onset of dusting.

scholarly journals A Work on Welding Productivity and Economy for Smaw & Fcaw Processes

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (5) ◽  
pp. 372-376
Keyword(s):  
Welding Process ◽  
Cost Savings ◽  
Careful Analysis ◽  
Vital Role ◽  
Shielded Metal Arc Welding ◽  
Production Studies ◽  
Metal Arc Welding ◽  
Service Conditions ◽  
Welding Processes ◽  
Selection Of

Every welding process possess its own advantages and limitations and selected after careful analysis and study of variables related to the process /product form and application criteria. Factors governing the selection of welding process includes the type of the product to be welded, material, joint geometry, field and service conditions, productivity expectations, capital cost, availability of resources, quality requirements, net cost savings etc. Currently in India, shielded metal arc welding is the major welding process dominates the welding industry and plays a key role compared to other welding processes. To achieve the higher productivity and cost savings, it is necessary to adopt suitable welding process, which can be superior to SMAW and can be justified fully in terms of productivity, quality and cost. Comparative production studies were conducted to establish the facts and to arrive conclusion. This concept will be applicable for pipe spools welding in a fabrication shop for welding groove and fillet weld joints in out of position. Process will be applied for large bore spools welding i.e. for Pipe diameter equivalent or greater than 168 mm OD and wall thickness of 7.11 mm and above. For study purpose only two welding processes were taken into account i.e. SMAW and FCAW. Since carbon steel pipe spools fabrication is 85% of the total scope, selection of the high productive and cost economic welding process plays a vital role.

scholarly journals Enhancement of Open-Pit Mining Efficiency by Means of Quality Improvement of Open-Pit Excavators Design and Operating In Specified Conditions

2019 ◽  
Vol 134 ◽  
pp. 01006
Author(s):  
Pyotr Zykov ◽  
Evgeny Zvarych ◽  
Andrei Karasev ◽  
Dieter Weber
Keyword(s):  
Comprehensive Assessment ◽  
Parameters Optimization ◽  
Open Pit ◽  
Open Pit Mining ◽  
Synthesis Methods ◽  
Optimum Parameters ◽  
Engineering Level ◽  
Analysis And Synthesis ◽  
Service Conditions ◽  
Selection Of

The objective set in the research is the following: to develop the methodology and application tools for assessment of the open-pit excavators engineering level when selecting and designing them for specific mining-geological and technical service conditions. To achieve the objective, the methods of statistical data analysis, methods of regression models and of mathematical experimentation building, analysis and synthesis, methods of comprehensive assessment of the engineering level indicators, as well as mathematical modeling and appliance of linear algorithm were used. As a result, there was developed the methodology of comprehensive assessment of engineering level and parameters optimization of open-pit shovel excavators, there was also developed a software package, based on the methodology mentioned above, that allows science-based selection of excavators that possess optimum parameters for the specified conditions.

Optimization of the Selection Process of Galvanic Coatings

2015 ◽  
Vol 712 ◽  
pp. 87-92
Author(s):  
Robert Ulewicz
Keyword(s):  
Objective Function ◽  
Selection Process ◽  
Production Costs ◽  
Customer Requirements ◽  
Specific Service ◽  
Service Conditions ◽  
The Right ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Selection Of

Processes of electrolytic application of metals are used in order to obtain pure coatings, single - or multilayer. Appropriate selection and proper execution contribute to the improvement of product quality, which affects its proper and long functioning. Production costs are not necessarily high. They depend mainly on the proper selection of the coating. The article presents the results of the use of generalized objective function for selection of galvanic coating on metal parts. There were used following criteria in order to characterize the quality (usability): corrosion resistance, mechanical properties, physical properties, gloss, roughness, and economical criteria. Presented method of determining the objective function can be used to choose the optimal coatings for specific service conditions or customer requirements. Presented method of determining the objective function in the design process of the surface layer makes it possible to assess the impact of various factors on the quality of the product and thus gives a chance to make the right choice.

Power Test Code Thermometer Wells

1959 ◽  
Vol 81 (4) ◽  
pp. 403-409 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. W. Murdock
Keyword(s):  
Steady State ◽  
Static Pressure ◽  
Code Design ◽  
Power Test ◽  
Service Conditions ◽  
Selection Of

Design of thermometer wells involves strength and thermal considerations. Criteria for thermal evaluation have been well established, those for strength have not. This paper presents thermometer-well designs proposed for Power Test Code work. Forces imposed by static pressure, steady-state fluid impingement, vibration induced by Karman trail vortexes, and structure-borne vibration are discussed. Methods and equations are given to enable the selection of wells for given service conditions. Although these methods are confined to wells of Power Test Code design, the Appendix contains derivations of general equations that may be adapted for any cantilever-type thermometer well.

Cognitive gadgets and cognitive priors

2019 ◽  
Vol 42 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gian Domenico Iannetti ◽  
Giorgio Vallortigara
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Neuroscience ◽  
Selection Of

Abstract Some of the foundations of Heyes’ radical reasoning seem to be based on a fractional selection of available evidence. Using an ethological perspective, we argue against Heyes’ rapid dismissal of innate cognitive instincts. Heyes’ use of fMRI studies of literacy to claim that culture assembles pieces of mental technology seems an example of incorrect reverse inferences and overlap theories pervasive in cognitive neuroscience.

Note on Selection of Coordinate Systems for Geodynamics

1975 ◽  
Vol 26 ◽  
pp. 395-407
Author(s):  
S. Henriksen
Keyword(s):  
Sea Level ◽  
The Other ◽  
Coordinate Systems ◽  
Mean Sea Level ◽  
The Earth ◽  
The One ◽  
Static Systems ◽  
Selection Of

The first question to be answered, in seeking coordinate systems for geodynamics, is: what is geodynamics? The answer is, of course, that geodynamics is that part of geophysics which is concerned with movements of the Earth, as opposed to geostatics which is the physics of the stationary Earth. But as far as we know, there is no stationary Earth – epur sic monere. So geodynamics is actually coextensive with geophysics, and coordinate systems suitable for the one should be suitable for the other. At the present time, there are not many coordinate systems, if any, that can be identified with a static Earth. Certainly the only coordinate of aeronomic (atmospheric) interest is the height, and this is usually either as geodynamic height or as pressure. In oceanology, the most important coordinate is depth, and this, like heights in the atmosphere, is expressed as metric depth from mean sea level, as geodynamic depth, or as pressure. Only for the earth do we find “static” systems in use, ana even here there is real question as to whether the systems are dynamic or static. So it would seem that our answer to the question, of what kind, of coordinate systems are we seeking, must be that we are looking for the same systems as are used in geophysics, and these systems are dynamic in nature already – that is, their definition involvestime.

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