A combined basic lining of steel teeming ladles of units for composite treatment of steel

Refractories ◽  
1991 ◽  
Vol 32 (11-12) ◽  
pp. 606-609
Author(s):  
L. M. Demidenko ◽  
I. V. Kulikov ◽  
I. N. Chernousov ◽  
V. A. Kochetkov ◽  
M. P. Gulyaev ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Basic Lining

New Medium-Carbon Free-Machining Steels Containing Bismuth and Calcium

2016 ◽  
Vol 843 ◽  
pp. 101-105 ◽  
Author(s):  
A.V. Ryabov
Keyword(s):  
Structural Steels ◽  
Head Part ◽  
Metallic Inclusion ◽  
Inclusion Content ◽  
Medium Carbon ◽  
Arc Furnaces ◽  
Bearing Steels ◽  
Maximum Permissible Concentrations ◽  
Harmful Emissions ◽  
Basic Lining

The paper describes the properties of two new medium-carbon free-machining alloy structural steels. These steels are environmentally friendly since lead in them is replaced with much less harmful elements bismuth and calcium. Bismuth and calcium are rather uniformly distributed in the ingot, though there are two zones of bismuth heterogeneity in the bottom and in the head part of the ingot. Mechanical properties of steels are at the same level as for steels without bismuth and calcium. Non-metallic inclusion content is typical for structural steels melted in open electric arc furnaces with basic lining and is not changed by the presence of bismuth and calcium. Machinability of the steels with bismuth and calcium is at the same or higher level than that of lead-bearing steels. Melting, casting, forging and rolling of steel containing bismuth and calcium is not associated with working area air-pollution with harmful substances in amounts exceeding maximum permissible concentrations. During rolling of the lead-free steels harmful emissions are almost absent, unlike the lead-bearing steels.

scholarly journals Effects of Cr - Ni 18/9 Austenitic Cast Steel Modification by Mischmetal

2012 ◽  
Vol 12 (4) ◽  
pp. 47-52
Author(s):  
M. Gajewski ◽  
J. Kasińska
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Intergranular Corrosion ◽  
High Efficiency ◽  
Cast Steel ◽  
Electric Induction ◽  
Δ Ferrite ◽  
Steel Modification ◽  
Metallic Inclusions ◽  
Basic Lining ◽  
Final Effect

Abstract This paper presents the results of Cr - Ni 18/9 austenitic cast steel modifications by mischmetal. The study was conducted on industrial melts. Cast steel was melted in an electric induction furnace with a capacity of 2000 kg and a basic lining crucible. .The mischmetal was introduced into the ladle during tapping of the cast steel from the furnace. The effectiveness of modification was examined with the carbon content of 0.1% and the presence of δ ferrite in the structure of cast steel stabilized with titanium. The changes in the structure of cast steel and their effect on mechanical properties and intergranular corrosion were studied. It was found that rare earth metals decrease the sulfur content in cast steel and above all, they cause a distinct change in morphology of the δ ferrite and non-metallic inclusions. These changes have improved mechanical properties. R02, Rm, and A5 and toughness increased significantly. There was a great increase of the resistance to intergranular corrosion in the Huey test. The study confirmed the high efficiency of cast steel modification by mischmetal in industrial environments. The final effect of modification depends on the form and manner of placing mischmetal into the liquid metal and the melting technology, ie the degree of deoxidation and desulfurization of the metal in the furnace.

scholarly journals Evaluation of Water Resistance and Diffusion Properties of Paint Materials

10.14311/188 ◽  
2001 ◽  
Vol 41 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Drchalová ◽  
J. Poděbradská ◽  
J. Maděra ◽  
R. Černý
Keyword(s):  
Water Resistance ◽  
Water Vapor Permeability ◽  
Vapor Permeability ◽  
Practical Application ◽  
Simple Method ◽  
Basic Lining ◽  
And Diffusion ◽  
Effective Water ◽  
Diffusion Properties

A simple method is presented for evaluating the water-proofness quality of paints on lining materials. The method is based on measuring the integral capillarity in dependence on time, and then comparing this value to the value determined for the basic lining material. Measurements of the effective water vapor permeability then provide information on the risk of condensation which may increase after applying the paint. A practical application of the method is performed with four Karlocolor paints on glass concrete substrates. All the Karlocolor paints are found to be very effective materials for driven rain protection. The diffusion properties of all the paints are found to be excellent.

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