The role of asymmetric cell division in pteridophyte cell differentiation. I. Localized metal accumulation and differentiation inVittaria gemmae andOnoclea prothallia

PROTOPLASMA ◽  
1987 ◽  
Vol 136 (2-3) ◽  
pp. 81-95 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. L. Kotenko ◽  
J. H. Miller ◽  
A. I. Robinson
Keyword(s):  
Cell Division ◽  
Cell Differentiation ◽  
Asymmetric Cell Division ◽  
Metal Accumulation

scholarly journals Regulation of the meiotic divisions of mammalian oocytes and eggs

2018 ◽  
Vol 46 (4) ◽  
pp. 797-806 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jessica R. Sanders ◽  
Keith T. Jones
Keyword(s):  
Cell Division ◽  
Luteinizing Hormone ◽  
Spindle Assembly Checkpoint ◽  
Asymmetric Cell Division ◽  
Homologous Chromosomes ◽  
Mammalian Oocyte ◽  
Cellular Events ◽  
The Hours ◽  
Meiosis I

Initiated by luteinizing hormone and finalized by the fertilizing sperm, the mammalian oocyte completes its two meiotic divisions. The first division occurs in the mature Graafian follicle during the hours preceding ovulation and culminates in an extreme asymmetric cell division and the segregation of the two pairs of homologous chromosomes. The newly created mature egg rearrests at metaphase of the second meiotic division prior to ovulation and only completes meiosis following a Ca2+ signal initiated by the sperm at gamete fusion. Here, we review the cellular events that govern the passage of the oocyte through meiosis I with a focus on the role of the spindle assembly checkpoint in regulating its timing. In meiosis II, we examine how the egg achieves its arrest and how the fertilization Ca2+ signal allows the initiation of embryo development.

Asymmetric cell division and differentiation; fern spore germination as a model. II. Ultrastructural studies

1985 ◽  
Vol 86 ◽  
pp. 227-230
Author(s):  
Alix R. Bassel
Keyword(s):  
Cell Division ◽  
Metal Binding ◽  
Asymmetric Cell Division ◽  
Red Light ◽  
Nuclear Migration ◽  
Silver Stain ◽  
Metal Binding Sites ◽  
Ultrastructural Studies ◽  
Fern Spore Germination

SynopsisThe germination of Onoclea spores is a model system with many advantages for the study of asymmetric cell division and cellular differentiation. Our results suggest that both microtubules and a lipophilic site are important in the nuclear migration to one end of the spore prior to asymmetric cell division. A metalbinding region containing pore-like structures in the proximal face of the spore coat may be a source of the inherent polarity of the spore. The pattern of endogenous metal binding during germination has been characterised using a sulphide-silver stain. Metal-binding sites are described in a differentiating system in which polarity is imposed externally using polarised red light. The possibility of a role of ion gradients in determining the direction of nuclear migration is discussed.

The role of GlsA in the evolution of asymmetric cell division in the green alga Volvox carteri

2003 ◽  
Vol 213 (7) ◽  
pp. 328-335 ◽  
Author(s):  
Qian Cheng ◽  
Rachel Fowler ◽  
Lai-wa Tam ◽  
Lisseth Edwards ◽  
Stephen M. Miller
Keyword(s):  
Cell Division ◽  
Green Alga ◽  
Asymmetric Cell Division ◽  
Volvox Carteri

scholarly journals The Role of Cytoplasmic MEX-5/6 Polarity in Asymmetric Cell Division

2021 ◽  
Vol 83 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Sungrim Seirin-Lee
Keyword(s):  
Mathematical Model ◽  
Cell Division ◽  
Caenorhabditis Elegans ◽  
Cell Membrane ◽  
Mother Cell ◽  
Asymmetric Cell Division ◽  
Transmembrane Protein ◽  
Cytoplasmic Protein ◽  
Cell Geometry

AbstractIn the process of asymmetric cell division, the mother cell induces polarity in both the membrane and the cytosol by distributing substrates and components asymmetrically. Such polarity formation results from the harmonization of the upstream and downstream polarities between the cell membrane and the cytosol. MEX-5/6 is a well-investigated downstream cytoplasmic protein, which is deeply involved in the membrane polarity of the upstream transmembrane protein PAR in the Caenorhabditis elegans embryo. In contrast to the extensive exploration of membrane PAR polarity, cytoplasmic polarity is poorly understood, and the precise contribution of cytoplasmic polarity to the membrane PAR polarity remains largely unknown. In this study, we explored the interplay between the cytoplasmic MEX-5/6 polarity and the membrane PAR polarity by developing a mathematical model that integrates the dynamics of PAR and MEX-5/6 and reflects the cell geometry. Our investigations show that the downstream cytoplasmic protein MEX-5/6 plays an indispensable role in causing a robust upstream PAR polarity, and the integrated understanding of their interplay, including the effect of the cell geometry, is essential for the study of polarity formation in asymmetric cell division.

scholarly journals A centriole's subdistal appendages: contributions to cell division, ciliogenesis and differentiation

Open Biology ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 200399
Author(s):  
Nicole A. Hall ◽  
Heidi Hehnly
Keyword(s):  
Cell Division ◽  
Cell Differentiation ◽  
Final Stage ◽  
Eukaryotic Species ◽  
Chromosome Alignment ◽  
Cilia Formation ◽  
Mother Centriole ◽  
Pericentriolar Material ◽  
Daughter Centriole

The centrosome is a highly conserved structure composed of two centrioles surrounded by pericentriolar material. The mother, and inherently older, centriole has distal and subdistal appendages, whereas the daughter centriole is devoid of these appendage structures. Both appendages have been primarily linked to functions in cilia formation. However, subdistal appendages present with a variety of potential functions that include spindle placement, chromosome alignment, the final stage of cell division (abscission) and potentially cell differentiation. Subdistal appendages are particularly interesting in that they do not always display a conserved ninefold symmetry in appendage organization on the mother centriole across eukaryotic species, unlike distal appendages. In this review, we aim to differentiate both the morphology and role of the distal and subdistal appendages, with a particular focus on subdistal appendages.

scholarly journals Regulation of the Min Cell Division Inhibition Complex by the Rcs Phosphorelay in Proteus mirabilis

2015 ◽  
Vol 197 (15) ◽  
pp. 2499-2507 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kristen E. Howery ◽  
Katy M. Clemmer ◽  
Emrah Şimşek ◽  
Minsu Kim ◽  
Philip N. Rather
Keyword(s):  
Cell Division ◽  
Cell Differentiation ◽  
Proteus Mirabilis ◽  
Cell Elongation ◽  
Response Regulator ◽  
Swarmer Cell ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Expression Of Genes ◽  
Rapid Amplification

ABSTRACTA key regulator of swarming inProteus mirabilisis the Rcs phosphorelay, which repressesflhDC, encoding the master flagellar regulator FlhD4C2. Mutants inrcsB, the response regulator in the Rcs phosphorelay, hyperswarm on solid agar and differentiate into swarmer cells in liquid, demonstrating that this system also influences the expression of genes central to differentiation. To gain a further understanding of RcsB-regulated genes involved in swarmer cell differentiation, transcriptome sequencing (RNA-Seq) was used to examine the RcsB regulon. Among the 133 genes identified,minCandminD, encoding cell division inhibitors, were identified as RcsB-activated genes. A third gene,minE, was shown to be part of an operon withminCD. To examineminCDEregulation, theminpromoter was identified by 5′ rapid amplification of cDNA ends (5′-RACE), and both transcriptionallacZfusions and quantitative real-time reverse transcriptase (qRT) PCR were used to confirm that theminCDEoperon was RcsB activated. Purified RcsB was capable of directly binding theminCpromoter region. To determine the role of RcsB-mediated activation ofminCDEin swarmer cell differentiation, a polarminCmutation was constructed. This mutant formed minicells during growth in liquid, produced shortened swarmer cells during differentiation, and exhibited decreased swarming motility.IMPORTANCEThis work describes the regulation and role of the MinCDE cell division system inP. mirabilisswarming and swarmer cell elongation. Prior to this study, the mechanisms that inhibit cell division and allow swarmer cell elongation were unknown. In addition, this work outlines for the first time the RcsB regulon inP. mirabilis. Taken together, the data presented in this study begin to address howP. mirabiliselongates upon contact with a solid surface.

A new role of Klumpfuss in establishing cell fate during the GMC asymmetric cell division

2014 ◽  
Vol 358 (2) ◽  
pp. 621-626 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hugo Gabilondo ◽  
María Losada-Pérez ◽  
Ignacio Monedero ◽  
Arturo Torres-Herráez ◽  
Isabel Molina ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cell Division ◽  
Cell Fate ◽  
Asymmetric Cell Division

The Significant Role of Centrosomes in Stem Cell Division and Differentiation

2011 ◽  
Vol 17 (4) ◽  
pp. 506-512 ◽  
Author(s):  
Heide Schatten ◽  
Qing-Yuan Sun
Keyword(s):  
Stem Cell ◽  
Cell Division ◽  
Primary Cilia ◽  
Asymmetric Cell Division ◽  
Embryonic Stem ◽  
Stem Cell Maintenance ◽  
Tissue Repair And Regeneration ◽  
Mother And Daughter ◽  
Stem Cell Division

AbstractThe role of centrosomes in stem cell division has recently been highlighted and further ascribes important functions to centrosomes in stem cell maintenance, cellular differentiation, and development. Advanced cell and molecular studies coupled with immunofluorescence, electron microscopy, and live cell imaging of specific centrosome proteins have contributed greatly to our knowledge of centrosome composition, structure, and dynamics and have uncovered new insights into mechanisms of centrosome functions in asymmetric cell division. The establishment of asymmetry and differential positioning of mother and daughter centrosomes during stem cell mitosis is important for allowing one cell to maintain stem cell characteristics while the sibling cell undergoes differentiation. Another key role for centrosomes has been revealed in primary cilia of embryonic stem cells that play significant roles in cellular signaling and are therefore critically important for stem cell decisions. Studies of signaling through primary cilia may contribute important information that may aid in the production of specific cells that are suitable for tissue repair and regeneration in the field of regenerative medicine.

scholarly journals Complete Genome Sequence ofCaulobacter crescentusPodophage Percy

2015 ◽  
Vol 3 (6) ◽  
Author(s):  
Roxann A. Lerma ◽  
T. J. Tidwell ◽  
Jesse L. Cahill ◽  
Eric S. Rasche ◽  
Gabriel F. Kuty Everett
Keyword(s):  
Cell Cycle ◽  
Cell Division ◽  
Cell Differentiation ◽  
Complete Genome Sequence ◽  
Complete Genome ◽  
Asymmetric Cell Division ◽  
Caulobacter Crescentus ◽  
Model Organism ◽  
Negative Bacterium ◽  
Gram Negative

Podophage Percy infectsCaulobacter crescentus, a Gram-negative bacterium that divides asymmetrically and is a commonly used model organism to study the cell cycle, asymmetric cell division, and cell differentiation. Here, we announce the sequence and annotated complete genome of the phiKMV-like podophage Percy and note its prominent features.

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