Ion movements induced by transcellular osmosis inNitella flexilis

PROTOPLASMA ◽  
1979 ◽  
Vol 99 (3) ◽  
pp. 179-187 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. Kataoka ◽  
S. Nakagawa ◽  
T. Hayama ◽  
M. Tazawa
Keyword(s):  
Transcellular Osmosis ◽  
Ion Movements

scholarly journals Self-powered multifunctional sensing based on super-elastic fibers by soluble-core thermal drawing

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mengxiao Chen ◽  
Zhe Wang ◽  
Qichong Zhang ◽  
Zhixun Wang ◽  
Wei Liu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Polymer Fibers ◽  
Elastic Fibers ◽  
Triboelectric Nanogenerator ◽  
Large Area ◽  
Manufacturing Method ◽  
Low Viscosity ◽  
Ion Movements ◽  
Self Powered ◽  
Thermal Drawing ◽  
Viscosity Polymer

AbstractThe well-developed preform-to-fiber thermal drawing technique owns the benefit to maintain the cross-section architecture and obtain an individual micro-scale strand of fiber with the extended length up to thousand meters. In this work, we propose and demonstrate a two-step soluble-core fabrication method by combining such an inherently scalable manufacturing method with simple post-draw processing to explore the low viscosity polymer fibers and the potential of soft fiber electronics. As a result, an ultra-stretchable conductive fiber is achieved, which maintains excellent conductivity even under 1900% strain or 1.5 kg load/impact freefalling from 0.8-m height. Moreover, by combining with triboelectric nanogenerator technique, this fiber acts as a self-powered self-adapting multi-dimensional sensor attached on sports gears to monitor sports performance while bearing sudden impacts. Next, owing to its remarkable waterproof and easy packaging properties, this fiber detector can sense different ion movements in various solutions, revealing the promising applications for large-area undersea detection.

scholarly journals Ion movements in seminal vesicle mucosa

1957 ◽  
Vol 135 (1) ◽  
pp. 213-225 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. J. Breuer ◽  
R. Whittam
Keyword(s):  
Seminal Vesicle ◽  
Ion Movements

Molecular bases of impaired water and ion movements in inflammatory bowel diseases

2009 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
pp. 114-127 ◽  
Author(s):  
Olga Martínez-Augustin ◽  
Isabel Romero-Calvo ◽  
María Dolores Suárez ◽  
Antonio Zarzuelo ◽  
Fermín Sánchez de Medina
Keyword(s):  
Inflammatory Bowel Diseases ◽  
Bowel Diseases ◽  
Ion Movements ◽  
Inflammatory Bowel ◽  
Molecular Bases ◽  
Impaired Water

THE EFFECTS OF NEW DIURETICS ON NET ION MOVEMENTS IN SODIUM-RICH SMOOTH MUSCLES

1967 ◽  
Vol 45 (1) ◽  
pp. 149-159 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. E. Daniel
Keyword(s):  
Active Transport ◽  
Ethacrynic Acid ◽  
Smooth Muscles ◽  
Convincing Evidence ◽  
Small Concentration ◽  
K Uptake ◽  
Aldosterone Antagonist ◽  
Ion Movements ◽  
Sufficient Concentration

The effects of furosemide, ethacrynic acid, triamterene, and an aldosterone antagonist (Su-11927) were studied on recovery of electrolyte gradients by Na-rich pieces from rabbit uteri and aortas. In sufficient concentration furosemide and ethacrynic acid appeared to inhibit Na extrusion. Only furosemide inhibited K uptake as well. A small concentration of ethacrynic acid (0.1 μg/ml) increased Na extrusion from Na-rich uterine pieces but did not increase K uptake. Thus K gain and Na extrusion were not always reciprocally related. Triamterene and Su-11927 altered recovery of electrolyte gradients, but convincing evidence for inhibition of Na active transport was not obtained. Whether inhibition of Na extrusion without inhibition of K uptake, as by ethacrynic acid, could be considered convincing evidence of inhibition of active transport was discussed.

Characterization of ion movements and their relationship to muscarinic receptor binding and excitation–contraction coupling in guinea pig ileal longitudinal smooth muscle

1989 ◽  
Vol 67 (4) ◽  
pp. 331-343 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. T. Bolger ◽  
E. M. Luchowski ◽  
D. J. Triggle
Keyword(s):  
Muscarinic Receptor ◽  
Muscarinic Agonist ◽  
Agonist Binding ◽  
Muscarinic Agonists ◽  
Sodium Uptake ◽  
Contraction Coupling ◽  
High Affinity ◽  
Potassium Release ◽  
Ion Movement ◽  
Ion Movements

The relationship between ion movements (sodium uptake and potassium release) and agonist-induced contractile responses or muscarinic receptor binding was investigated in the guinea pig ileal longitudinal muscle (GPLM). Sodium uptake and potassium release were agonist-dependent, concentration-dependent, and stereoselective, with the following rank order of maximum ion movement: muscarinic agonists > histamine > substance P = serotonin. Potassium depolarization did not initiate sodium uptake or potassium release. Sodium uptake was rapid and monophasic, preceding potassium release which was biphasic in nature. Full muscarinic agonists produced equal maximal increases in sodium uptake, while maximal potassium release varied for all muscarinic agonists and in addition differed from sodium uptake in the following ways: time course, stereoselectivity, sensitivity to calcium antagonists, modulation by the guanylyl nucleotide derivative, 5′-guanylylimidodiphosphate (Gpp(NH)p), and inhibition by muscarinic receptor blockade with benzilylcholine mustard. The calcium ionophores A23187 and ionomycin (SQ23377) did not produce any sodium uptake; A23187 but not ionomycin produced potassium release comparable to that evoked by muscarinic agonists. Ion movement in response to combinations of agonists were not additive. Muscarinic agonist binding as measured by competition for [3H]quinuclidinyl benzilate ([3H]QNB) binding, was best described by multiple sites and was regulated by Gpp(NH)p. Excellent correlations were observed between the dissociation constants for binding and sodium uptake, potassium release, and contraction. The best correlations were those between the pharmacologic responses and the high affinity binding site in the absence, and the low affinity site in the presence, of Gpp(NH)p, respectively. Furthermore, the potencies of muscarinic agonists to evoke ion movements and to inhibit [3H]QNB binding were similar, and from one to two orders of magnitude less than those for contraction. It is suggested that contraction and potassium release were mediated by the high affinity, and sodium uptake by the low and average affinity muscarinic agonist binding sites, respectively. These findings suggest an agonist-activated receptor–effector coupling model in GPLM that leads to the activation of sodium uptake, potassium release, and subsequently, contraction.Key words: smooth muscle, contraction, muscarinic receptors, ion movements, excitation–contraction coupling.

scholarly journals Preparation and Characterization of Nano-Dy2O3-Doped PVA + Na3C6H5O7 Polymer Electrolyte Films for Battery Applications

2018 ◽  
Vol 2018 ◽  
pp. 1-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Ramesh Babu ◽  
K. Ravindhranath ◽  
K. Vijaya Kumar
Keyword(s):  
Polymer Electrolyte ◽  
Transference Number ◽  
Open Circuit ◽  
Composite Polymer Electrolyte ◽  
Electrochemical Cells ◽  
Dsc Studies ◽  
A Value ◽  
The Matrix ◽  
Solution Cast ◽  
Ion Movements

Composite polymer electrolyte films containing various concentrations of nano-Dy2O3 (1.0 to 4.0%) in PVA + sodium citrate (90 : 10) are synthesized adopting solution cast method and are characterized using FTIR, XRD, SEM, and DSC techniques. The investigations indicate that all components are homogenously dispersed. Films containing 3% of nano-Dy2O3 are more homogenous and less crystalline, and the same is supported by DSC studies indicating the friendly nature to ionic conductivity. Transference number studies reveal that the major charge carriers are ions. With the increase in % of nano-Dy2O3, the conductivity increases and reaches maximum in 3% film with a value of 1.06 × 10−4 S/cm (at 303 K). Further, the conductivity of the film increases with raise in temperature due to the hopping of interchain and intrachain ion movements and fall in microscopic viscosity at the matrix interface of the film. Electrochemical cells are fabricated using these films with the configuration “anode (Mg + MgSO4)/[PVA (90%) + Na3C6H5O7 (10%) + (1–4% nano-Dy2O3)]/cathode (I2 + C + electrolyte),” and various discharge characteristics are evaluated. With 3% nano-Dy2O3 film, the maximum discharge time of 118 hrs with open-circuit voltage of 2.68 V, power density of 0.91 W/kg, and energy density of 107.5 Wh/kg are observed. These findings reflect the successful adoption of the developed polymer electrolyte films in electrochemical cells.

scholarly journals Membrane potential of mitochondria in intact lymphocytes during early mitogenic stimulation

1984 ◽  
Vol 217 (2) ◽  
pp. 453-459 ◽  
Author(s):  
M D Brand ◽  
S M Felber
Keyword(s):  
Membrane Potential ◽  
Mitochondrial Membrane Potential ◽  
Concanavalin A ◽  
Mitochondrial Membrane ◽  
Ph Gradient ◽  
Electrochemical Gradient ◽  
Inner Membrane ◽  
Mitogenic Stimulation ◽  
Ion Movements

The mitochondrial membrane potential (delta psi m) in intact lymphocytes was calculated by measuring the distribution of radiolabelled methyltriphenylphosphonium cation. The value obtained was 120 mV. The pH gradient across the mitochondrial membrane in situ (delta pH m) was estimated to be 73 mV (1.2 pH units). Thus the electrochemical gradient of protons was about 190 mV. Addition of the mitogen concanavalin A did not alter delta psi m, showing that, if movement of Ca2+ across the inner membrane of lymphocyte mitochondria occurs when concanavalin A is added, it is accompanied by charge-compensating ion movements.

Unidirectional ion movements in the hindgut of larval Sarcophaga bullata (Diptera: Sarcophagidae)

1976 ◽  
Vol 64 (1) ◽  
pp. 89-100
Author(s):  
R. D. Prusch
Keyword(s):  
Sarcophaga Bullata ◽  
K Secretion ◽  
Ion Movements

1. Unidirectional Na+, K+, and Cl- fluxes were measured across the isolated hindgut of larval Sarcophaga bullata. 2. Both K+ and Cl- are actively secreted into the hindgut lumen, whereas Na+ is distributed passively. 3. The movements of K+ and Cl- are not entirely independent of each other, and the movement of one ion influences the flux of the co-ion. 4. The NH4+ ion is secreted into the hindgut by a mechanism separate from K+ secretion.

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