Foot-and-mouth disease virus carrier state in cells cultured from tissues of convalescent cattle

1971 ◽  
Vol 34 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-13 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gobinda C. Mohanty ◽  
G. E. Cottral
Keyword(s):  
Disease Virus ◽  
Foot And Mouth Disease ◽  
Carrier State ◽  
Mouth Disease ◽  
Mouth Disease Virus ◽  
Foot And Mouth ◽  
Virus Carrier ◽  
Cells Cultured ◽  
In Cells

scholarly journals Extinction Dynamics of the Foot-and-Mouth Disease Virus Carrier State Under Natural Conditions

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Miranda R. Bertram ◽  
Shankar Yadav ◽  
Carolina Stenfeldt ◽  
Amy Delgado ◽  
Jonathan Arzt
Keyword(s):  
Disease Virus ◽  
Foot And Mouth Disease ◽  
Carrier State ◽  
Mouth Disease ◽  
Natural Conditions ◽  
Mouth Disease Virus ◽  
Foot And Mouth ◽  
Virus Carrier

scholarly journals The Carrier Conundrum; A Review of Recent Advances and Persistent Gaps Regarding the Carrier State of Foot-and-Mouth Disease Virus

Pathogens ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 167 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carolina Stenfeldt ◽  
Jonathan Arzt
Keyword(s):  
Disease Virus ◽  
Foot And Mouth Disease ◽  
Field Studies ◽  
Carrier State ◽  
Mouth Disease ◽  
Experimental Investigations ◽  
Apparent Lack ◽  
Fmdv Infection ◽  
Mouth Disease Virus ◽  
Foot And Mouth

The existence of a prolonged, subclinical phase of foot-and-mouth disease virus (FMDV) infection in cattle was first recognized in the 1950s. Since then, the FMDV carrier state has been a subject of controversy amongst scientists and policymakers. A fundamental conundrum remains in the discordance between the detection of infectious FMDV in carriers and the apparent lack of contagiousness to in-contact animals. Although substantial progress has been made in elucidating the causal mechanisms of persistent FMDV infection, there are still critical knowledge gaps that need to be addressed in order to elucidate, predict, prevent, and model the risks associated with the carrier state. This is further complicated by the occurrence of a distinct form of neoteric subclinical infection, which is indistinguishable from the carrier state in field scenarios, but may have substantially different epidemiological properties. This review summarizes the current state of knowledge of the FMDV carrier state and identifies specific areas of research in need of further attention. Findings from experimental investigations of FMDV pathogenesis are discussed in relation to experience gained from field studies of foot-and-mouth disease.

Molecular epidemiology and phylogenetic analysis of foot and mouth disease virus type ‘O’ and evaluation of its carrier state in cattle of Assam by Real time PCR

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sangeeta Baro ◽  
Krishna Sharma ◽  
Biswajyoti Sharma ◽  
Shantanu Tamuly ◽  
P. Deka ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Phylogenetic Analysis ◽  
Real Time ◽  
Disease Virus ◽  
Real Time Pcr ◽  
Sandwich Elisa ◽  
Foot And Mouth Disease ◽  
Carrier State ◽  
Mouth Disease ◽  
Mouth Disease Virus ◽  
Foot And Mouth

The molecular epidemiological study of foot-and-mouth disease virus (FMDV) has been carried out from different outbreaks in Assam the present study is based on the nucleotide sequencingof circulating FMDV serotype. The samples were subjected to sandwich ELISA, multiplex-PCR and molecular phylogeny to identify the type species. The phylogenetic analysis of virus sequence revealed similarity with theBangladesh isolates in the major branching pattern. The serotype ‘O’has found to be dominant and responsible for most of the recentoutbreaks.Thepersistence of serotype ‘O’ and cytokines expression of IL-1á, IL-1â, IFN-á, TNF-á in blood of recovered animals were done by Real time PCR. The findings indicated that IL-1á, IFN-á and TNF-á genes were up-regulated upto 3 months post infection but IL-1â found to be down regulated with progression of recovery. The present study thus supports that real-time PCR is a powerful technique for reliable detection of persistent FMDV in recovered animals.

scholarly journals The effect of repeated vaccination in an enzootic foot-and-mouth disease area on theincidence of virus carrier cattle

1974 ◽  
Vol 73 (2) ◽  
pp. 229-235 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. C. Anderson ◽  
W. J. Doughty ◽  
J. Anderson
Keyword(s):  
Disease Virus ◽  
Immune Status ◽  
Foot And Mouth Disease ◽  
Mouth Disease ◽  
Inactivated Vaccine ◽  
Disease Area ◽  
Mouth Disease Virus ◽  
Foot And Mouth ◽  
Virus Carrier ◽  
Enzootic Area

SUMMARYA comparison was made of the incidence of foot-and-mouth disease virus 'carrier' cattle in an unvaccinated enzootic area and an area where routine 6-monthly vaccination with an inactivated vaccine had been carried out for 3–4 years. The incidence of carriers in the vaccinated area was 0·49% as compared to 3·34% in the non-vaccinated area. The results indicate that, provided the immune status of the vaccinated herd is maintained at a level sufficient to prevent outbreaks of clinical disease and the re-introduction of virus is prevented through livestock movement controls, it should be possible to eradicate the disease from an enzootic area through vaccination.

scholarly journals The persistence of foot-and-mouth disease virus in sheep

1968 ◽  
Vol 66 (4) ◽  
pp. 633-640 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Burrows
Keyword(s):  
Disease Virus ◽  
Soft Palate ◽  
Foot And Mouth Disease ◽  
Dorsal Surface ◽  
Carrier State ◽  
Mouth Disease ◽  
Post Mortem ◽  
Virus Persistence ◽  
Mouth Disease Virus ◽  
Foot And Mouth

Sheep infected with FMDV strains of different epizootiological origin developed a carrier state which persisted in the majority of animals for 1–5 months.The sites of virus persistence and multiplication in the convalescent animal were identified by titration of suspensions of mucosae and epithelia taken post mortem. Virus was recovered most frequently and in highest titre from the tonsillar area and less frequently from the pharynx and dorsal surface of the soft palate. No virus was found in samples taken from the nasal passages, the trachea or the rumen.

scholarly journals Genetic and antigenic variation of foot-and-mouth disease virus during persistent infection in naturally infected cattle and Asian buffalo in India

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jitendra K. Biswa ◽  
Rajeev Ranjan ◽  
Saravanan Subramaniam ◽  
Jajati K. Mohapatra ◽  
Sanjay Patidar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Disease Virus ◽  
Persistent Infection ◽  
Antigenic Variation ◽  
Point Mutations ◽  
Foot And Mouth Disease ◽  
Carrier State ◽  
Mouth Disease ◽  
Antigenic Relationship ◽  
Mouth Disease Virus ◽  
Foot And Mouth

AbstractThe role of foot-and-mouth disease virus (FMDV) persistently infected ruminants in initiating new outbreaks remains controversial, and the perceived threat posed by such animals hinders international trade in FMD-endemic countries. In this study we report longitudinal analyses of genetic and antigenic variations of FMDV serotype O/ME-SA/Ind2001d sublineage during naturally occurring, persistent infection in cattle and buffalo at an organised dairy farm in India. The proportion of animals from which FMDV RNA was recovered was not significantly different between convalescent (post-clinical) and sub-clinically infected animals or between cattle and buffalo across the sampling period. However, infectious virus was isolated from a higher proportion of buffalo samples and for a longer duration compared to cattle. Analysis of the P1 sequences from recovered viruses indicated fixation of mutations at the rate of 1.816 × 10-2substitution/site/year (s/s/y) (95% CI 1.362-2.31 × 10-2s/s/y). However, the majority of point mutations were transitional substitutions. Within individual animals, the mean dN/dS (ω) value for the P1 region varied from 0.076 to 0.357, suggesting the selection pressure acting on viral genomes differed substantially across individual animals. Statistical parsimony analysis indicated that all of the virus isolates from carrier animals originated from the outbreak virus. The antigenic relationship value as determined by 2D-VNT assay revealed fluctuation of antigenic variants within and between carrier animals during the carrier state which suggested that some carrier viruses had diverged substantially from the protection provided by the vaccine strain. This study contributes to understanding the extent of within-host and within-herd evolution that occurs during the carrier state of FMDV.

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