Population-level variation in plant secondary chemistry, and the population biology of herbivores

Chemoecology ◽  
1996 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 45-56 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mark D. Hunter ◽  
Stephen B. Malcolm ◽  
Susan E. Hartley
Keyword(s):  
Population Biology ◽  
Population Level ◽  
Level Variation ◽  
Secondary Chemistry ◽  
Plant Secondary Chemistry

scholarly journals Does segregating variation in sexual or microhabitat preferences lead to non-random mating within a population of Drosophila melanogaster ?

2009 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 102-105 ◽  
Author(s):  
Brad R. Foley ◽  
Anne Genissel ◽  
Harmon L. Kristy ◽  
Sergey V. Nuzhdin
Keyword(s):  
Recombinant Inbred Lines ◽  
Random Mating ◽  
Population Level ◽  
Inbred Lines ◽  
Male Mating ◽  
Complex Environment ◽  
Level Variation ◽  
Group Preference ◽  
Female Genotype ◽  
Microhabitat Preferences

Variation in female choice for mates has implications for the maintenance of genetic variation and the evolution of male traits. Yet, estimates of population-level variation in male mating success owing to female genotype are rare. Here, we used a panel of recombinant inbred lines to estimate the strength of selection at many genetic loci in a single generation and attempt to assess differences between females with respect to the males they mated with. We performed selection assays in a complex environment to allow differences in habitat or social group preference to be expressed. We detected directional selection at loci across the genome, but are unable to provide support for differential male success because of variation in female genotype.

scholarly journals Transcribed enhancers in the human brain identify novel disease risk mechanisms

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pengfei Dong ◽  
Gabriel E. Hoffman ◽  
Pasha Apontes ◽  
Jaroslav Bendl ◽  
Samir Rahman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Human Brain ◽  
Disease Risk ◽  
Association Studies ◽  
Population Level ◽  
Cell Type ◽  
Level Variation ◽  
Functional Interpretation ◽  
Neuropsychiatric Diseases ◽  
Order Of Magnitude ◽  
Cell Type Specific

Enhancer RNAs (eRNAs) constitute an important tissue- and cell-type-specific layer of the regulome. Identification of risk variants for neuropsychiatric diseases within enhancers underscores the importance of understanding the population-level variation of eRNAs in the human brain. We jointly analyzed cell type-specific transcriptome and regulome data to identify 30,795 neuronal and 23,265 non-neuronal eRNAs, expanding the catalog of known human brain eRNAs by an order of magnitude. Examination of the population-level variation of the transcriptome and regulome in 1,382 brain samples identified reproducible changes affecting cis- and trans-co-regulation of eRNA-gene modules in schizophrenia. We show that 13% of schizophrenia heritability is jointly mediated in cis by brain gene and eRNA expression. Inclusion of eRNAs in transcriptome-wide association studies facilitated fine-mapping and functional interpretation of disease loci. Overall, our study characterizes the eRNA-gene regulome and genetic mechanisms in the human cortex in both healthy and disease states.

scholarly journals Ecological Immunology of mosquito-malaria interactions: Of non-natural versus natural model systems and their inferences

Parasitology ◽  
2009 ◽  
Vol 136 (14) ◽  
pp. 1935-1942 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. TRIPET
Keyword(s):  
Immune Responses ◽  
Population Biology ◽  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Natural Populations ◽  
Population Level ◽  
Model Systems ◽  
Ecological Immunology ◽  
Experimental Systems ◽  
Evolutionary Context ◽  
And Function

SUMMARYThere has been a recent shift in the literature on mosquito/Plasmodium interactions with an increasingly large number of theoretical and experimental studies focusing on their population biology and evolutionary processes. Ecological immunology of mosquito-malaria interactions – the study of the mechanisms and function of mosquito immune responses to Plasmodium in their ecological and evolutionary context – is particularly important for our understanding of malaria transmission and how to control it. Indeed, describing the processes that create and maintain variation in mosquito immune responses and parasite virulence in natural populations may be as important to this endeavor as describing the immune responses themselves. For historical reasons, Ecological Immunology still largely relies on studies based on non-natural model systems. There are many reasons why current research should favour studies conducted closer to the field and more realistic experimental systems whenever possible. As a result, a number of researchers have raised concerns over the use of artificial host-parasite associations to generate inferences about population-level processes. Here I discuss and review several lines of evidence that, I believe, best illustrate and summarize the limitations of inferences generated using non-natural model systems.

scholarly journals Erratum to: Population-level variation in juvenile brown trout growth from different climatic regions of Norway to an experimental thermal gradient

2016 ◽  
Vol 99 (12) ◽  
pp. 1019-1019
Author(s):  
Kim Magnus Bærum ◽  
Leif Asbjørn Vøllestad ◽  
Peter Kiffney ◽  
Alice Rémy ◽  
Thrond Oddvar Haugen
Keyword(s):  
Brown Trout ◽  
Thermal Gradient ◽  
Population Level ◽  
Level Variation ◽  
Climatic Regions ◽  
Juvenile Brown Trout
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