A self-heated iron bromide (?=452.9 nm) laser with Ne-HBr buffer gas

1992 ◽  
Vol 24 (1) ◽  
pp. 67-72 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. R. Jones ◽  
C. E. Little
Keyword(s):  
Buffer Gas ◽  
Iron Bromide

scholarly journals Spectroscopy on the AΠ1←XΣ+1 transition of buffer-gas-cooled AlCl

2021 ◽  
Vol 104 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
John R. Daniel ◽  
Chen Wang ◽  
Kayla Rodriguez ◽  
Boerge Hemmerling ◽  
Taylor N. Lewis ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Buffer Gas

scholarly journals Clarifications on the Behavior of Alternative Gases to SF6 in Divergent Electric Field Distributions under AC Voltage

Energies ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (4) ◽  
pp. 1065
Author(s):  
Houssem Eddine Nechmi ◽  
Michail Michelarakis ◽  
Abderrahmane (Manu) Haddad ◽  
Gordon Wilson
Keyword(s):  
Electric Field ◽  
Electric Fields ◽  
Partial Discharge ◽  
Mean Value ◽  
Electrode System ◽  
Polarity Reversal ◽  
Buffer Gas ◽  
Co2 Gas ◽  
Breakdown Mechanism ◽  
Positive Cycle

Negative and positive partial discharge inception voltages and breakdown measurements are reported in a needle-plane electrode system as a function of pressure under AC voltage for natural gases (N2, CO2, and O2/CO2), pure NovecTM gases (C4F7N and C5F10O) and NovecTM in different natural gas admixtures. For compressed 4% C4F7N–96% CO2 and 6% C5F10O–12% O2–82% CO2 gas mixtures, the positive-streamer mode is identified as the breakdown mechanism. Breakdown and negative partial discharge inception voltages of 6% C5F10O–12% O2–82% CO2 are higher than those of 4% C4F7N–96% CO2. At 8.8 bar abs, the breakdown voltage of 6% C5F10O–12% O2–82% CO2 is equal to that of 12.77% O2–87.23% CO2 (buffer gas). Synergism in negative partial discharge inception voltage/electric field fits with the mean value and the sum of each partial pressure individually component for a 20% C4F7N–80% CO2 and 6% C5F10O–12% O2–82% CO2, respectively. In 9% C4F7N–91% CO2, the comparison of partial discharge inception electric fields is Emax (CO2) = Emax(C4F7N), and Emax (12.77% O2–87.23% CO2) = Emax(C5F10O) in 19% C5F10O–81%(12.77% O2–87.23% CO2). Polarity reversal occurs under AC voltage when the breakdown polarity changes from negative to positive cycle. Polarity reversal electric field EPR was quantified. Fitting results show that EPR (CO2) = EPR(9% C4F7N–91% CO2) and EPR(SF6) = EPR (22% C4F7N–78% CO2). EPR (4% C4F7N–96% CO2) = EPR (12.77% O2–87.23% CO2) and EPR (6% C5F10O–12% O2–82% CO2) < EPR (4% C4F7N–96% CO2) < EPR (CO2).

Numerical Simulation of the Discharge Dynamics of C₄F₇N-N₂ and the Influence of Buffer Gas

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-7
Author(s):  
Feng Wang ◽  
Lanbo Wang ◽  
She Chen ◽  
Qiuqin Sun ◽  
Lipeng Zhong ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Numerical Simulation ◽  
Buffer Gas

scholarly journals Time-Resolved Measurements and Master Equation Modelling of the Unimolecular Decomposition of CH3OCH2

2020 ◽  
Vol 234 (7-9) ◽  
pp. 1233-1250 ◽  
Author(s):  
Arrke J. Eskola ◽  
Mark A. Blitz ◽  
Michael J. Pilling ◽  
Paul W. Seakins ◽  
Robin J. Shannon
Keyword(s):  
Energy Transfer ◽  
Master Equation ◽  
Rate Coefficient ◽  
Zero Point ◽  
Buffer Gas ◽  
Unimolecular Decomposition ◽  
Time Resolved ◽  
Point Energy ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Transfer Parameters

AbstractThe rate coefficient for the unimolecular decomposition of CH3OCH2, k1, has been measured in time-resolved experiments by monitoring the HCHO product. CH3OCH2 was rapidly and cleanly generated by 248 nm excimer photolysis of oxalyl chloride, (ClCO)2, in an excess of CH3OCH3, and an excimer pumped dye laser tuned to 353.16 nm was used to probe HCHO via laser induced fluorescence. k1(T,p) was measured over the ranges: 573–673 K and 0.1–4.3 × 1018 molecule cm−3 with a helium bath gas. In addition, some experiments were carried out with nitrogen as the bath gas. Ab initio calculations on CH3OCH2 decomposition were carried out and a transition-state for decomposition to CH3 and H2CO was identified. This information was used in a master equation rate calculation, using the MESMER code, where the zero-point-energy corrected barrier to reaction, ΔE0,1, and the energy transfer parameters, ⟨ΔEdown⟩ × Tn, were the adjusted parameters to best fit the experimental data, with helium as the buffer gas. The data were combined with earlier measurements by Loucks and Laidler (Can J. Chem.1967, 45, 2767), with dimethyl ether as the third body, reinterpreted using current literature for the rate coefficient for recombination of CH3OCH2. This analysis returned ΔE0,1 = (112.3 ± 0.6) kJ mol−1, and leads to $k_{1}^{\infty}(T)=2.9\times{10^{12}}$ (T/300)2.5 exp(−106.8 kJ mol−1/RT). Using this model, limited experiments with nitrogen as the bath gas allowed N2 energy transfer parameters to be identified and then further MESMER simulations were carried out, where N2 was the buffer gas, to generate k1(T,p) over a wide range of conditions: 300–1000 K and N2 = 1012–1025 molecule cm−3. The resulting k1(T,p) has been parameterized using a Troe-expression, so that they can be readily be incorporated into combustion models. In addition, k1(T,p) has been parametrized using PLOG for the buffer gases, He, CH3OCH3 and N2.

scholarly journals Time-Resolved Investigation of the Molecular Chemiluminescence SrI(A2∏1/2,3,2,B2∑+→X2∑+) and the Atomic Resonance Fluorescence Sr(53P1→51S0) Following The Pulsed Dye Laser Generation Of Sr(53PJ) in the Presence of CF3I

1995 ◽  
Vol 16 (2) ◽  
pp. 121-138 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Antrobus ◽  
D. Husain ◽  
Jie Lei ◽  
F. Castaño ◽  
M. N. Sanchez Rayo
Keyword(s):  
Ground State ◽  
Branching Ratio ◽  
Atomic Emission ◽  
Electronic Energy ◽  
Dye Laser ◽  
Pulsed Dye Laser ◽  
Laser Generation ◽  
Buffer Gas ◽  
Resonance Fluorescence ◽  
Time Resolved

A time-resolved investigation is presented of the electronic energy distribution in SrI following the collision of the optically metastable strontium atom, Sr [5s5p(3PJ)], with the molecule CF3I. Sr[5s5p(3PJ)], 1.807 eV above its 5s2(1S0) electronic ground state, was generated by pulsed dye-laser excitation of ground state strontium vapour to the Sr(53P1) state at , λ =689.3 nm {Sr(53P1←51S0)} at elevated temperature (840 K) in the presence of excess helium buffer gas in which rapid Boltzmann equilibration within the 53PJ spin-orbit manifold takes place. Time resolved atomic emission from Sr(53P1→51S0) at the resonance transition and the molecular chemiluminescence from SrI(A2∏1,2,3/2,B2∑+→X2∑+) resulting from reaction of the excited atom with CF3I were recorded and shown to be exponential in character. SrI in the A2∏1/2,3/2 (172.5, 175.4 kJ mol-1) and B2∑+ (177.3 kJ mol-1) states are energetically accessible on collision by direct-I-atomic abstraction between Sr(3P) and CF3I. The first-order decay coefficients for the atomic and molecular emissions are found to be equal under identical conditions and hence SrI(A2∏1/2,3/2, B2∑+) are shown to arise from direct I- atom abstraction reactions. The molecular systems recorded were SrI (A2∏1/2→X2∑+, Δv=0, λ=694 nm), SrI(A2∏3/2→X2∑+, Δv=0, λ=677 nm) and SrI(B2∑+→X2∑+) (Δv=0, λ=674 nm), dominated by the Δv=0 sequences on account of Franck-Condon considerations. The combination of integrated m61ecular and atomic intensity measurements yields estimates of the branching ratios into the specific electronic states, A1/2, A3/2 and B, arising from Sr(53PJ)+CF3I which are found to be as follows: A1/2,1.2 × 10-2; A3/2, 6.7 × 10-3; B, 5.1 × 10-3 yielding ∑SrI(A1/2+A3/2+B)=2.4 × 10-2. As only the X, A and B states SrI are accessible on reaction, assuming that the removal of Sr(53PJ) occurs totally by chemical removal, this yields an upper limit for the branching ratio into the ground state of ca. 98%. The present results are compared with previous time-resolved measurements on excited states of strontium halides that we have reported on various halogenated species resulting from reactions of Sr(53PJ), together with analogous chemiluminescence studies on Sr(3PJ) and Ca(43PJ) from molecular beam measurements.

Disorientation of Cs(62P1/2) atoms, induced in collisions with noble gases

1976 ◽  
Vol 54 (7) ◽  
pp. 748-752 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. Niewitecka ◽  
L. Krause
Keyword(s):  
Cross Sections ◽  
Noble Gas ◽  
Zero Magnetic Field ◽  
Zero Field ◽  
Buffer Gas ◽  
Resonance Fluorescence ◽  
Circularly Polarized ◽  
Low Field ◽  
Good Agreement ◽  
Gas Pressures

The disorientation of 62P1/2 cesium atoms, induced in collisions with noble gas atoms in their ground states, was systematically investigated by monitoring the depolarization of cesium resonance fluorescence in relation to noble gas pressures. The Cs atoms, contained together with a buffer gas in a fluorescence cell and located in zero magnetic field, were excited and oriented by irradiation with circularly polarized 8943 Å resonance radiation, and the resonance fluorescence, emitted in an approximately backward direction, was analyzed with respect to circular polarization. The experiments yielded the following disorientation cross sections which have been corrected for the effects of nuclear spin: Cs–He: 4.9 ± 0.7 Å2; Cs–Ne: 2.1 ± 0.3 Å2; Cs–Ar: 5.6 ± 0.8 Å2; Cs–Kr: 5.8 ± 0.9 Å2; Cs–Xe: 6.3 ± 0.9 Å2. The results are in good agreement with most of the available zero-field and low-field data.

Aging study on a micro-fabricated Cs buffer-gas cell for atomic clock applications

2014 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Abdullah ◽  
C. Affolderbach ◽  
F. Gruet ◽  
G. Mileti ◽  
Y. Petremand
Keyword(s):  
Atomic Clock ◽  
Buffer Gas ◽  
Gas Cell ◽  
Aging Study

Detection of individual atoms in helium buffer gas and observation of their real-time motion

1980 ◽  
Vol 5 (11) ◽  
pp. 459 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. L. Pan ◽  
J. V. Prodan ◽  
W. M. Fairbank ◽  
C. Y. She
Keyword(s):  
Real Time ◽  
Buffer Gas ◽  
Time Motion
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