A simple rapid method for determining sucrose concentration in sucrose gradient centrifugation

1971 ◽  
Vol 59 (5) ◽  
pp. 757-760 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Rosenberg ◽  
M. Trop ◽  
R. Avtalion ◽  
A. Pinsky
Keyword(s):  
Rapid Method ◽  
Sucrose Gradient ◽  
Sucrose Concentration ◽  
Gradient Centrifugation ◽  
Sucrose Gradient Centrifugation

scholarly journals The construction and analysis of sucrose gradients for use with zonal rotors

1976 ◽  
Vol 159 (2) ◽  
pp. 259-265 ◽  
Author(s):  
W Hirst ◽  
R A Cox
Keyword(s):  
Iterative Procedure ◽  
Sucrose Gradient ◽  
Sucrose Solution ◽  
Sucrose Concentration ◽  
Gradient Centrifugation ◽  
Sedimentation Coefficient ◽  
Sucrose Gradient Centrifugation ◽  
Comparison With Experiment ◽  
Continuous Sucrose Gradient ◽  
Simple Equations

The rate of sedimentation of a particle in a sucrose solution depends on the viscosity and density of the medium. These two variables are related to the sucrose concentration and the temperature of the medium by new simple equations. These equations were used in a rapid iterative procedure that relates the distance moved by a zone in a continuous sucrose gradient to its sedimentation coefficient. It is shown by comparison with experiment that this iterative method allows the distance moved by a zone to be calculated rapidly. The method may therefore be used to optimize the separation of particles in a sucrose-gradient-centrifugation experiment. The method also allows the unknown sedimentation coefficients of several zones to be measured from a single sucrose-gradient-centrifugation experiment.

ANALYSIS OF RADIOIMMUNOASSAY BY DISC ELECTROPHORESIS AND SUCROSE GRADIENT CENTRIFUGATION

1971 ◽  
Vol 66 (2) ◽  
pp. 257-265 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lubomir Valenta ◽  
Michel L. Aubert
Keyword(s):  
Sucrose Gradient ◽  
Solid Phase ◽  
Gradient Centrifugation ◽  
Human Growth ◽  
Disc Electrophoresis ◽  
Separate Analysis ◽  
Adrenocorticotrophic Hormone ◽  
Sucrose Gradient Centrifugation ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Polypeptide Hormones

ABSTRACT Radioiodine-labelled synthetic adrenocorticotrophic hormone (ACTH), human growth hormone (HGH), human chorionic somato-mammotrophin (HCS), and human (HTSH) and bovine (BTSH) thyroid stimulating hormones were studied by disc-electrophoresis and sucrose gradient centrifugation before and after incubation with corresponding antisera. All antisera contained 7 S antibodies. After incubation, soluble antigenantibody complexes besides a small amount of precipitate were observed in the incubation mixture, characteristic of each hormone. The complexes migrated like gamma globulins or more slowly on disc-electrophoresis. and on sucrose gradient centrifugation showed patterns dependent on the time of incubation. Light 7 or 9 S, or < 12 S complexes occurred mostly after incubation for several minutes (up to 30 min) before analysis. When incubation was prolonged to 24 h and more, these relatively light complexes disappeared or diminished in favour of heavier soluble or precipitating complexes. Reproducibly obtainable sedimentation patterns of the soluble complexes suggested some definite recombination of antigen molecules with 7 S antibodies. The complexes did not occur on incubation with other sera than an antiserum to a given hormone. They were not influenced by EDTA. Displacement of the radioactivity of the complexes into the free hormone peak was obtained by addition of a non-labelled hormone identical with the labelled one. Sucrose gradient centrifugation and disc-electrophoresis are recommended for the study of immunoreaction of diluted materials and for a separate analysis of different steps of the radioimmunoassay. Radioimmunoassay was introduced for the measurement of protein hormones by Yalow & Berson (1960). The method, described originally for insulin, was later adapted to the detection of a number of protein and polypeptide hormones. On incubation of the hormone with its antiserum, a soluble antigenantibody complex is formed, which is separated from an excess of the free hormone by various methods, e. g. chromatoelectrophoresis, precipitation with a second antibody, adsorption on a solid phase etc. (Hunter 1967). Sucrose gradient centrifugation and disc-electrophoresis were occasionally used to follow some isolated aspect of radioimmunoassay (Fitschen 1965; Monjardino et al. 1968). We are demonstrating that these methods made it possible to analyze the radioimmunoassay step by step and thus may be useful for practical purposes as well as in a study of the immunoreaction of diluted materials.

scholarly journals LYSOSOMAL PHOSPHOLIPASES A1 AND A2 OF NORMAL AND BACILLUS CALMETTE GUERIN-INDUCED ALVEOLAR MACROPHAGES

1973 ◽  
Vol 56 (3) ◽  
pp. 621-627 ◽  
Author(s):  
Richard C. Franson ◽  
Moseley Waite
Keyword(s):  
Acid Phosphatase ◽  
Alveolar Macrophages ◽  
Sucrose Gradient ◽  
Gradient Centrifugation ◽  
Marker Enzymes ◽  
Sucrose Gradient Centrifugation ◽  
Control Distribution ◽  
Specific Activities ◽  
Selective Increase ◽  
Phospholipases A

A single intravenous injection of 0.1 mg of heat-killed Bacillus Calmette Guérin (BCG) in 0.1 ml of Bayol F produced an accumulation of activated alveolar macrophages (BCG induced). Cells were collected 3.5–4.0 wk after injection. Phospholipases A and three lysosomal marker enzymes (acid phosphatase, ß-glucuronidase, and lysozyme) were measured in homogenates, and the distribution of the phospholipases A and lysosomal, mitochondrial, and microsomal marker enzymes were examined after sucrose gradient centrifugation of a postnuclear (1,000 g) supernatant. Homogenates of normal and BCG-induced macrophages contained phospholipases A1 and A2 which had optimal activity at pH 4.0 in the presence of 2.0 mM ethylenediaminetetraacetate (EDTA). These activities were inhibited 50–70% by 2.0 mM CaCl2. Homogenates of BCG-induced macrophages had specific activities of ß-glucuronidase, acid phosphatase, and lysozyme, which were increased 1.5- to 3.0-fold over the controls, whether expressed as activity per mg protein or activity per 107 cells. The specific activities of the phospholipases A, on the other hand, were consistently lower than those of the control. Distribution of the phospholipases A and the lysosomal marker enzymes after sucrose gradient centrifugation suggested that the phospholipases A active at pH 4.0 in the presence of EDTA are of lysosomal origin since: (a) BCG treatment caused a selective increase in the density of particles which contained both the phospholipases A and three lysosomal marker enzymes; and (b) since the density of mitochondria and microsomes were not affected by BCG treatment. The increase in the density of lysosomes seen here may be related to previously described morphologic changes of BCG-induced alveolar macrophages.

scholarly journals Degradation of surfactant-associated protein B (SP-B) during in vitro conversion of large to small surfactant aggregates

1993 ◽  
Vol 295 (1) ◽  
pp. 141-147 ◽  
Author(s):  
R A W Veldhuizen ◽  
K Inchley ◽  
S A Hearn ◽  
J F Lewis ◽  
F Possmayer
Keyword(s):  
Surface Area ◽  
Sucrose Gradient ◽  
Gradient Centrifugation ◽  
Sucrose Gradient Centrifugation ◽  
Aggregate Fraction ◽  
Surfactant Aggregates ◽  
Morphological Studies ◽  
Surface Active ◽  
Protein B

Pulmonary surfactant obtained from lung lavages can be separated by differential centrifugation into two distinct subfractions known as large surfactant aggregates and small surfactant aggregates. The large-aggregate fraction is the precursor of the small-aggregate fraction. The ratio of the small non-surface-active to large surface-active surfactant aggregates increases after birth and in several types of lung injury. We have utilized an in vitro system, surface area cycling, to study the conversion of large into small aggregates. Small aggregates generated by surface area cycling were separated from large aggregates by centrifugation at 40,000 g for 15 min rather than by the normal sucrose gradient centrifugation. This new separation method was validated by morphological studies. Surface-tension-reducing activity of total surfactant extracts, as measured with a pulsating-bubble surfactometer, was impaired after surface area cycling. This impairment was related to the generation of small aggregates. Immunoblot analysis of large and small aggregates separated by sucrose gradient centrifugation revealed the presence of detectable amounts of surfactant-associated protein B (SP-B) in large aggregates but not in small aggregates. SP-A was detectable in both large and small aggregates. PAGE of cycled and non-cycled surfactant showed a reduction in SP-B after surface area cycling. We conclude that SP-B is degraded during the formation of small aggregates in vitro and that a change in surface area appears to be necessary for exposing SP-B to protease activity.

scholarly journals Biosynthesis of thyroglobulin. Incorporation of [1−14C]galactose, [1−14C]mannose and [4,5−3H2]leucine into soluble proteins by rat thyroids in vitro

1969 ◽  
Vol 112 (5) ◽  
pp. 709-719 ◽  
Author(s):  
Annette Herscovics
Keyword(s):  
Time Course ◽  
Sucrose Gradient ◽  
Gradient Centrifugation ◽  
Soluble Proteins ◽  
Protein Fractions ◽  
Sucrose Gradient Centrifugation ◽  
Carbohydrate Synthesis ◽  
Stepwise Manner ◽  
Rat Thyroid

1. Rat thyroid lobes were incubated for various periods of time in Krebs–Ringer bicarbonate containing [3H]leucine and either [1−14C]galactose or [1−14C]mannose. Radioactivity in soluble proteins was determined after their separation by sucrose-gradient centrifugation. 2. The time-course of incorporation of label from [14C]-mannose into soluble thyroid proteins was parallel to that observed for [3H]leucine. There was a lag of at least 30min. before either label appeared in non-iodinated thyroglobulin (protein 17–18s). During this time both labels were detected in two fractions known to contain subunit precursors of thyroglobulin (fractions 12s and 3–8s). Radioactivity from double-labelled fractions 12s and 3–8s was transferred to protein 17–18s during subsequent incubation in an unlabelled medium. 3. In contrast, most of the [14C]galactose was immediately incorporated into protein 17–18s. 4. During the first hour of incubation, puromycin almost completely inhibited the incorporation of label from [3H]leucine and [14C]mannose into all protein fractions, but had little effect on the incorporation of [14C]galactose into protein 17–18s. 5. These results indicate that mannose is incorporated into the carbohydrate groups of protein 17–18s at an earlier stage in its formation than galactose. It is suggested that the synthesis of the carbohydrate groups of ghyroglobulin begins soon after formation of the polypeptide components, more than 30min. before these are aggregated to protein 17–18s; carbohydrate synthesis then proceeds in a stepwise manner, galactose being incorporated at about the time of aggregation of subunits to protein 17–18s. Most, if not all, the carbohydrate is added to thyroglobulin before it is iodinated.

Development of a monoclonal antibody to the rabbit 8.5S uterine progestin receptor

1985 ◽  
Vol 63 (1) ◽  
pp. 33-40 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kiyohide Nakao ◽  
John E. Myers ◽  
Lee E. Faber
Keyword(s):  
Sucrose Gradient ◽  
Solid Phase ◽  
Gradient Centrifugation ◽  
Protein A ◽  
Deae Cellulose ◽  
Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽  
Progestin Receptors ◽  
Sucrose Gradient Centrifugation ◽  
Progestin Receptor ◽  
Solid Phase Radioimmunoassay

Nonactivated (8.5S) rabbit uterine progestin receptor was enriched 10- to 30-fold by chromatography on columns of spheroidal hydroxylapatite and DEAE-cellulose. A total of`~25 μg of receptor (purity ~1%) was injected at multiple sites into a BALB/c mouse. After several injections, splenic lymphocytes were fused with P3x63Ag8.653 mouse myeloma cells. This fusion produced in excess of 240 hybridomas, which were screened by an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), solid-phase radioimmunoassay, and sucrose gradient centrifugation. One colony (KN 382/EC1) produced a mouse immunoglobulin G1 which bound rabbit 8.5S uterine progestin receptor. The cell line has been repeatedly cloned under conditions of limiting dilution and expanded in mice as ascitic tumors. Antibody was purified by (NH4)2SO4 precipitation, DEAE-cellulose chromatography, and affinity chromatography with protein A – Sepharose CL-4B. Specificity of the antibody was determined by sucrose gradient centrifugation and solid-phase radioimmunoassay. The antibody bound to progestin receptors from rabbit uterus and MCF-7 breast cancer cells. It did not react with progestin receptors from rat uterus, guinea pig uterus, or chick oviduct, nor did it bind to estrogen receptors from any of the tissues we tested.

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