Motor learning in the locust flight system requires proprioceptive feedback

1991 ◽  
Vol 78 (2) ◽  
pp. 84-87 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. M�hl
Keyword(s):  
Motor Learning ◽  
Proprioceptive Feedback ◽  
Flight System ◽  
Locust Flight

The Effects of Visual and Proprioceptive Feedback on Motor Learning

1975 ◽  
Vol 19 (2) ◽  
pp. 162-165 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jack A. Adams ◽  
Daniel Gopher ◽  
Gavan Lintern
Keyword(s):  
Motor Learning ◽  
Visual Feedback ◽  
Sensory Feedback ◽  
Closed Loop ◽  
Motor Program ◽  
Absolute Error ◽  
Proprioceptive Feedback ◽  
Knowledge Of Results ◽  
And Performance ◽  
Effective Source

A self paced linear positioning task was used to study the effects of visual and proprioceptive feedback on learning and performance. Subjects were trained with knowledge of results (KR) and tested without it. The analysis of the absolute error scores of the no-KR trials is discussed in this paper. Visual feedback was the more effective source of sensory feedback, but proprioceptive feedback was also effective. An observation that the response did not become independent of sensory feedback as a result of learning, was interpreted as supporting Adams closed loop theory of motor learning in preference to the motor program hypothesis. Other data showed that the presence of visual feedback during learning could inhibit the later effectiveness of proprioceptive feedback.

scholarly journals Reaching articular limits can negatively impact embodiment in virtual reality.

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thibault Porssut ◽  
Olaf Blanke ◽  
Bruno Herbelin ◽  
Ronan Boulic
Keyword(s):  
Virtual Reality ◽  
Motor Learning ◽  
Task Performance ◽  
Experimental Research ◽  
Virtual World ◽  
Proprioceptive Feedback ◽  
Reaching Movement ◽  
3D Representation ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Full Body

Providing Virtual Reality(VR) users with a 3D representation of their body complements the experience of immersion and presence in the virtual world with the experience of being physically located and more personally involved. A full-body avatar representation is known to induce a Sense of Embodiment (SoE) for this virtual body, which is associated with improvements in task performance, motivation and motor learning. Recent experimental research on embodiment provides useful guidelines, indicating the extent of discrepancy tolerated by users and, conversely, the limits and disruptive events that lead to a break in embodiment (BiE). Based on previous works on the limit of agency under movement distortion, this paper describes, studies and analyses the impact of a very common yet overlooked embodiment limitation linked to articular limits when performing a reaching movement. We demonstrate that perceiving the articular limit when fully extending the arm provides users with an additional internal proprioceptive feedback which, if not matched in the avatar's movement, leads to the disruptive realization of an incorrect posture mapping. This study complements previous works on self-contact and visuo-haptic conflicts and emphasizes the risk of disrupting the SoE when distorting users’ movements or using a poorly-calibrated avatar.

Connections of the forewing tegulae in the locust flight system and their modification following partial deafferentation

1992 ◽  
Vol 23 (1) ◽  
pp. 44-60 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ansgar Büschges ◽  
Jan-Marino Ramirez ◽  
Robert Driesang ◽  
Keir G. Pearson
Keyword(s):  
Flight System ◽  
Locust Flight

Effects of temperature on synaptic potentials in the locust flight system

1993 ◽  
Vol 70 (6) ◽  
pp. 2197-2204 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. M. Robertson
Keyword(s):  
Room Temperature ◽  
Synaptic Function ◽  
Membrane Properties ◽  
Excitatory Postsynaptic Potential ◽  
Channel Conductance ◽  
Flight System ◽  
Epsp Amplitude ◽  
Time To Peak ◽  
Locust Flight ◽  
Effects Of Temperature

1. Neuronal circuitry in the locust flight system operates normally within a temperature range of 24-42 degrees C. I investigated the effects of temperature on parameters of postsynaptic potentials generated in different neurons following action potentials of the forewing stretch receptor. 2. Increases in temperature reduced latency, time-to-peak and duration (Q10s = 0.51, 0.70, and 0.68, respectively; 24–34 degrees C) and increased the slope (Q10 = 1.13; 24-34 degrees) of the excitatory postsynaptic potential (EPSP). However, increases in temperature increased EPSP amplitude below room temperature (Q10 = 1.25; 14–24 degrees C) but decreased EPSP amplitude above room temperature (Q10 = 0.80; 24–34 degrees C). 3. I conclude that neuronal and synaptic function were affected by temperature in ways predictable by well-established thermal effects on channel conductance and kinetics and on membrane properties. Thus temperature compensation of the output of the flight system must be mediated in some way by the operation of the circuitry. 4. I propose that below room temperature EPSP amplitude was increased by predominant effects on channel conductance and membrane time constant, and above room temperature EPSP amplitude was decreased by a predominant effect on the amplitude and duration of the presynaptic action potential. Further, I suggest that the frequency of the output rhythm is unaffected by the amplitude of single EPSPs, within permissive limits.

Plasticity of Synaptic Connections in Sensory-Motor Pathways of the Adult Locust Flight System

1997 ◽  
Vol 78 (3) ◽  
pp. 1276-1284 ◽  
Author(s):  
Harald Wolf ◽  
Ansgar Büschges
Keyword(s):  
Electric Stimulation ◽  
Motor Pattern ◽  
Competitive Interactions ◽  
Synaptic Connections ◽  
Flight System ◽  
Motor Pathways ◽  
Synaptic Contacts ◽  
Locust Flight ◽  
Sensory Motor ◽  
Adult Locust

Wolf, Harald and Ansgar Büschges. Plasticity of synaptic connections in sensory-motor pathways of the adult locust flight system. J. Neurophysiol. 78: 1276–1284, 1997. We investigated possible roles of retrograde signals and competitive interactions in the lesion-induced reorganization of synaptic contacts in the locust CNS. Neuronal plasticity is elicited in the adult flight system by removal of afferents from the tegula, a mechanoreceptor organ at the base of the wing. We severed one hindwing organ and studied the resulting rearrangement of synaptic contacts between flight interneurons and afferent neurons from the remaining three tegulae (2 forewing, 1 hindwing). This was done by electric stimulation of afferents and intracellular recording from interneurons (and occasionally motoneurons). Two to three weeks after unilateral tegula lesion, connections between tegula afferents and flight interneurons were altered in the following way. 1) Axons from the forewing tegula on the operated side had established new synaptic contacts with metathoracic elevator interneurons. In addition, the amplitude of compound excitatory postsynaptic potentials elicited by electric stimulation was increased, indicating that a larger number of afferents connected to any given interneuron. 2) On the side contralateral to the lesion, connectivity between axons from the forewing tegula and elevator interneurons was decreased. 3) The efficacy of the (remaining) hindwing afferents appeared to be increased with regard to both synaptic transmission to interneurons and impact on flight motor pattern. 4) Flight motoneurons, which are normally restricted to the ipsilateral hemiganglion, sprouted across the ganglion midline after unilateral tegula removal and apparently established new synaptic contacts with tegula afferents on that side. The changes on the operated side are interpreted as occupation of synaptic space vacated on the interneurons by the severed hindwing afferents. On the contralateral side, the changes in synaptic contact must be elicited by retrograde signals from bilaterally arborizing flight interneurons, because tegula projections remain strictly ipsilateral. The pattern of changes suggests competitive interactions between forewing and hindwing afferents. The present investigation thus presents evidence that the CNS of the mature locust is capable of extensive synaptic rearrangement in response to injury and indicates for the first time the action of retrograde signals from interneurons.

The effects of visual and proprioceptive feedback on motor learning

1975 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jack A. Adams ◽  
Daniel Gopher ◽  
Gavan Lintern
Keyword(s):  
Motor Learning ◽  
Proprioceptive Feedback
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