3D and multiple load case bi-directional evolutionary structural optimization (BESO)

1999 ◽  
Vol 18 (2-3) ◽  
pp. 183-192 ◽  
Author(s):  
V. Young ◽  
O. M. Querin ◽  
G. P. Steven ◽  
Y. M. Xie
Keyword(s):  
Structural Optimization ◽  
Load Case ◽  
Evolutionary Structural Optimization ◽  
Multiple Load Case ◽  
Multiple Load

scholarly journals New biomimetic approach to the aircraft wing structural design based on aeroelastic analysis

2017 ◽  
Vol 65 (5) ◽  
pp. 741-750
Author(s):  
D. Gawel ◽  
M. Nowak ◽  
H. Hausa ◽  
R. Roszak
Keyword(s):  
Structural Design ◽  
Interaction Analysis ◽  
Load Case ◽  
Aircraft Wing ◽  
And Topology ◽  
Aeroelastic Analysis ◽  
Biomimetic Approach ◽  
Wing Structure ◽  
Multiple Load Case ◽  
Multiple Load

Abstract This paper presents a new biomimetic approach to the structural design. For the purpose of aircraft wing design the numerical environment combining simultaneous structural size, shape, and topology optimization based on aeroelastic analysis was developed. For the design of aircraft elements the optimization process must be treated as a multi-load case task, because during the fluid structure interaction analysis each step represents a different structural load case. Also, considering different angles of attack, during the CFD computation each result is considered. The method-specific features (such as domain independence, functional configurations during the process of optimization, and multiple load case solution implemented in the optimization scenario) enable the optimal structural form. To illustrate the algorithm functionality, the problem of determining the optimal internal wing structure was presented. The optimal internal wing structure resulting from aeroelastic computation with different angles of attack has been presented.

The influence of infill density gradient on the mechanical properties of PLA optimized structures by additive manufacturing

2021 ◽  
pp. 146442072110071
Author(s):  
AIL Pais ◽  
C Silva ◽  
MC Marques ◽  
JL Alves ◽  
J Belinha
Keyword(s):  
Finite Element Method ◽  
Finite Element ◽  
Additive Manufacturing ◽  
Structural Optimization ◽  
Meshless Method ◽  
Load Case ◽  
Fused Filament Fabrication ◽  
Ductile Metals ◽  
Four Point Bending ◽  
Bending Load

The aim of this work is the development of a novel framework for structural optimization using bio-inspired remodelling algorithm adapted to additive manufacturing. The fact that polylactic acid (PLA, E = 3145 MPa (Young’s modulus) according to the supplier for parts obtained by injection) shows a similar parameterized behavior with ductile metals, in the sense that both materials are characterized by a bi-linear elastic-plastic law, allows to simulate and prototype parts to be further constructed in ductile metals at a lower cost and then be produced with more expensive fabrication processes. Moreover, cellular materials allow for a significant weight reduction and therefore reduction of production costs. Structural optimization algorithms based on biological phenomena were used to determine the density distribution of the infill density of the specimens. Several simple structures were submitted to distinct complex load cases and analyzed using the mentioned optimization algorithms combined with the finite element method and a meshless method. The surface was divided according to similar density and then converted to stereolitography files and infilled with the gyroid structure at the desired density determined before, using open-source slicing software. Smoothing functions were used to smooth the density field obtained with the remodeling algorithms. The samples were printed with fused filament fabrication technology and submitted to mechanical flexural tests similar to the ones analyzed analytically, namely three- and four-point bending tests. Thus, the factors of analysis were the smoothing parameter and the remodeling method, and the responses evaluated were stiffness, specific stiffness, maximum force, and mass. The experimental results correlated (obtaining accuracy of 35% for the three-point bending load case and 5% for the four-point bending load case) to the numerical results in terms of flexural stiffness and it was found that the complexity of the load case is relevant for the efficiency of the functional gradient. The fused filament fabrication process is still not accurate enough to be able to experimentally compare the results based of finite element method and meshless method analyses.

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