Neurophysiological data regarding motor pattern generation in the medulla oblongata of toads

1984 ◽  
Vol 71 (11) ◽  
pp. 590-591 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. -P. Ewert ◽  
E. Sch�rg-Pfeiffer ◽  
A. Weerasuriya
Keyword(s):  
Medulla Oblongata ◽  
Motor Pattern ◽  
Pattern Generation ◽  
Neurophysiological Data ◽  
Motor Pattern Generation

Principles of rhythmic motor pattern generation

1996 ◽  
Vol 76 (3) ◽  
pp. 687-717 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. Marder ◽  
R. L. Calabrese
Keyword(s):  
Motor Pattern ◽  
Pattern Generation ◽  
Rhythmic Movements ◽  
Motor Patterns ◽  
Nervous Systems ◽  
Cellular Processes ◽  
Rhythmic Motor ◽  
Computational Analyses ◽  
Motor Pattern Generation ◽  
Rhythmic Motor Pattern

Rhythmic movements are produced by central pattern-generating networks whose output is shaped by sensory and neuromodulatory inputs to allow the animal to adapt its movements to changing needs. This review discusses cellular, circuit, and computational analyses of the mechanisms underlying the generation of rhythmic movements in both invertebrate and vertebrate nervous systems. Attention is paid to exploring the mechanisms by which synaptic and cellular processes interact to play specific roles in shaping motor patterns and, consequently, movement.

scholarly journals Molecular Underpinnings of Motor Pattern Generation: Differential Targeting of Shal and Shaker in the Pyloric Motor System

2000 ◽  
Vol 20 (17) ◽  
pp. 6619-6630 ◽  
Author(s):  
Deborah J. Baro ◽  
Amir Ayali ◽  
Lauren French ◽  
Nathaniel L. Scholz ◽  
Jana Labenia ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Motor System ◽  
Motor Pattern ◽  
Pattern Generation ◽  
Motor Pattern Generation

scholarly journals Impact of cercal air currents on singing motor pattern generation in the cricket (Gryllus bimaculatus DeGeer)

2015 ◽  
Vol 114 (5) ◽  
pp. 2649-2660 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pedro F. Jacob ◽  
Berthold Hedwig
Keyword(s):  
Motor Pattern ◽  
Low Frequency ◽  
Inhibitory Response ◽  
Pattern Generation ◽  
Inhibitory Input ◽  
Cercal System ◽  
Singing Activity ◽  
Sensory Activity ◽  
Motor Pattern Generation

The cercal system of crickets detects low-frequency air currents produced by approaching predators and self-generated air currents during singing, which may provide sensory feedback to the singing motor network. We analyzed the effect of cercal stimulation on singing motor pattern generation to reveal the response of a singing interneuron to predator-like signals and to elucidate the possible role of self-generated air currents during singing. In fictive singing males, we recorded an interneuron of the singing network while applying air currents to the cerci; additionally, we analyzed the effect of abolishing the cercal system in freely singing males. In fictively singing crickets, the effect of short air stimuli is either to terminate prematurely or to lengthen the interchirp interval, depending on their phase in the chirp cycle. Within our stimulation paradigm, air stimuli of different velocities and durations always elicited an inhibitory postsynaptic potential in the singing interneuron. Current injection in the singing interneuron elicited singing motor activity, even during the air current-evoked inhibitory input from the cercal pathway. The disruptive effects of air stimuli on the fictive singing pattern and the inhibitory response of the singing interneuron point toward the cercal system being involved in initiating avoidance responses in singing crickets, according to the established role of cerci in a predator escape pathway. After abolishing the activity of the cercal system, the timing of natural singing activity was not significantly altered. Our study provides no evidence that self-generated cercal sensory activity has a feedback function for singing motor pattern generation.

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