Modelling forest regeneration processes in clear-cut and burned areas in the Angara Region

1995 ◽  
Vol 82 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 155-160
Author(s):  
V. Sokolov ◽  
S. Farber ◽  
I. Danilin
Keyword(s):  
Forest Regeneration ◽  
Burned Areas ◽  
Clear Cut ◽  
Regeneration Processes

Experimental studies of potential improvements in the forest regeneration capabilities of "seed-containing aerial darts"

2000 ◽  
Vol 76 (3) ◽  
pp. 406-418 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. D. Wood
Keyword(s):  
Forest Regeneration ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Burned Areas ◽  
Spaced Seeds ◽  
Potential Applicability ◽  
Simulated Field ◽  
Ground Penetrating ◽  
Configuration Changes ◽  
Aerial Seeding

An evolving forest regeneration technique, based on the use of a "seed-containing aerial dart" (SCAD), provides for the delivery of seeds by helicopter through the distribution of darts, which serve as ground-penetrating containers for individual seeds. While many biological and technological aspects of this aerial sowing technique have been previously documented, the hitherto unpublished results of some growth experiments, carried out over a five-year period, are believed to offer the key to any future development. These simulated field experiments, although small in scale, demonstrate means for greatly improving the prospects for regeneration using aerial darts. Such means include dart configuration changes to provide for axially spaced seeds and the addition of slow-release fertilizer, when not in direct contact with seeds within the growth medium. Darts sown in the fall on mechanically undisturbed ground are shown not to be subject to frost heaving and lead to much earlier germination and faster growth than occurs with spring sowing. The presence of a surface layer of organic material is shown to be extremely beneficial in promoting vigorous seedling growth. The results confirm the potential applicability of the technique to sites, such as recently burned areas, with these characteristics, where acceptable regeneration performance is not an unrealistic objective. Key words: reforestation, regeneration, aerial reforestation, aerial seeding, aerial sowing, aerial darts, seeded darts, seed-containing darts, seed-containing aerial darts, helicopter seeding, helicopter sowing

Column experiment for purification of clear-cut forest runoff using biochar

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elham Kakaei Lafdani ◽  
Taija Saarela ◽  
Ari Laurén ◽  
Jukka Pumpanen ◽  
Marjo Palviainen
Keyword(s):  
Total Nitrogen ◽  
Water Purification ◽  
Algal Blooms ◽  
Forest Regeneration ◽  
Inorganic Nitrogen ◽  
Column Experiment ◽  
Nutrient Concentrations ◽  
Maximum Adsorption Capacity ◽  
Runoff Water ◽  
Clear Cut

<p>In drained boreal peatlands, forest regeneration is typically done using a sequence of <strong>c</strong>lear-cutting, ditch network maintenance, site preparation and planting. Following the forest regeneration, export of nutrients to water courses is increased. This results in degradation of water quality, eutrophication, and enhances the formation of harmful algal blooms. The aim of current research was to test a biochar reactor in forest runoff water purification, especially nitrogen recovery from runoff water. The biochar reactor was tested using a meso-scale laboratory experiment by circulating forest runoff water through biochar-filled columns and by monitoring water nutrient concentrations in the inlet and outlet of the columns. Adsorption rate (K<sub>ad</sub>) and maximum adsorption capacity (Q<sub>max</sub>) were quantified by fitting pseudo-first and second order as kinetic models to the experimental data. The results demonstrated that concentration of total nitrogen (TN) decreased by 58% during the 8 weeks experiment, and the majority of TN adsorption has occurred already within the first 3 days. In addition, NO<sub>3</sub>-N and NH<sub>4</sub>-N concentrations decreased below the detection limit in 5 days after the beginning of the experiment. The results demonstrated that the biochar reactor was not able to adsorb TN in low concentrations. The results suggest that biochar reactor can be a useful and effective method for runoff water purification in clear-cut forests and deserves further development and testing. This makes biochar reactor a promising water protection tool to be tested in sites where there is a risk for high rate of nutrient export after forest regeneration.</p><p><strong>Keywords</strong>: adsorption, biochar reactor, column experiment, inorganic nitrogen, total nitrogen.</p>

Microbiological and FTIR applications in Atlantic forest regeneration areas

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Laura Borma ◽  
Breno Pupin ◽  
Kumiko Sakani
Keyword(s):  
Infrared Spectroscopy ◽  
Atlantic Forest ◽  
Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽  
Forest Regeneration ◽  
Root Colonization ◽  
Temporal Dynamics ◽  
Spore Density ◽  
Water Retention Capacity ◽  
Microbial Quality ◽  
Regeneration Processes

<p>Soil regulates plant productivity in terrestrial ecosystems and maintains the balance of biogeochemical cycles through biotransformations mediated by living organisms, which are responsible for 80 to 90% of these functions. Therefore, it is necessary to evaluate whether restoration/natural regeneration processes in land degraded areas may allow the soil to partially or fully recover its microbial functions reflecting thus, in the fertility of these soils and consequently in the regeneration of forests. The use of microbiological attributes combined with infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) offers many opportunities to understand temporal dynamics and spatial variability in the recovery of important ecosystems during forest regeneration stages.The present work aims to evaluate the evolution of microbial quality in soils under three Atlantic Forest areas at different stages of regeneration (R40 - advanced, R12 - intermediate and RP - early regeneration pasture area) located in São Paulo state, Brazil. We used as indicators of the soil microbial quality the number of colony-forming units (CFU) of total bacteria and fungi, spore density and root colonization by arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF). We also analyzed these soils by Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR-UATR). For each area, seven soil samples and plant roots were randomly collected at a depth of 0-20 cm at the end of the dry season (October 2019). In terms of dry soil, the CFU bacteria for each area was, respectively, 7.7, 4.6 and 3.2 x 10<sup>5</sup> CFU g<sup>-1</sup>; fungi, 1.2, 1.0 and 0.6 x 10<sup>3</sup> g<sup>-1</sup>, and AMF spore density, 39, 33 and 27 spores 50 ml<sup>-1</sup>. On average, AMF root colonization was 26 (R40), 25 (R12) and 21% (PR). For the FTIR spectrum, the major bands and their assignments were identified as a 3.370 cm<sup>-1</sup> wide band assigned to the O-H groupings; a peak at 1.635 cm<sup>-1</sup> attributed to aromatic C=C vibration, with contribution of C=O of the COO<sup>-</sup> and a peak at 1.072 cm<sup>-1</sup> attributed to the carbohydrate C-O bond. No difference was attributed to the composition of the main functional groups (O-H, C=O, COO- and C-O) between the soils from R40 and R12, but this difference was more evident when compared to the RP area.  The microbiological results show good similarity between the tree areas in terms of spores, fungi and root colonization. However, in terms of bacteria, there is a more pronounced difference between the recent (RP) and the older regeneration areas (R12 and RP). Similar pattern was pointed by the FTIR results. Considering pasture as a strongly degrading area, these results are interesting since they show the differences in the soil quality between the three areas is not highly pronounced. They also show that in twelve years of regeneration, in many aspects’ soils become similar to the area with forty years regeneration. Given these results, a further investigation on soil physics of these areas is being developed to relate soil regeneration processes and soil physical properties such as porosity, density and water retention capacity, all of them important to the maintenance of vegetation and ecosystem services of water and climate regulation.</p>

scholarly journals OVERVIEW OF DESIGNS OF TREE-PLANTING MACHINE FOR OPEN AREAS AND CLEARED FELLING

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 29-34
Author(s):  
S. Bubnov ◽  
Sergey Malyukov ◽  
Aleksey Aksenov
Keyword(s):  
Natural Regeneration ◽  
Forest Regeneration ◽  
Economic Value ◽  
Root Systems ◽  
Tree Planting ◽  
Burned Areas ◽  
Priority Task ◽  
Long Time ◽  
Natural Forest Regeneration

Reforestation is the main, priority task of the modern forest complex. Natural forest regeneration has long been considered a priority. Natural regeneration, as a way of reforestation, has a number of significant drawbacks. Firstly, the natural regeneration of forests in burned areas and deforestation does not occur immediately after deforestation, but over a fairly long time ̶ reforestation period, during which various unfavorable processes ̶ soil erosion, sodding develop on an unforested area. Secondly, natural renewal quite often leads to a change of species, i.e. desired valuable breeds do not grow. As a result, the territory is overgrown with minor soft-leaved species that have low economic value. Mechanized landing, i.e. artificial reforestation, also has a number of disadvantages. Therefore, planting operations carried out under various conditions are the most labor-intensive and responsible operations. The technological process of planting seedlings and seedlings of various tree species with both open and closed root systems is presented. The analysis of existing designs of forest planting machines for open areas, fires and clearings is carried out. Deficiencies were identified that affect the quality of the planting process and reduce the survival rate of planted seedlings and seedlings.

Soil respiration following Chinese fir plantation clear-cut: Comparison of two forest regeneration approaches

2020 ◽  
Vol 709 ◽  
pp. 135980
Author(s):  
Shangbin Bai ◽  
Wanting Qiu ◽  
Hui Zhang ◽  
Yixiang Wang ◽  
Frank Berninger
Keyword(s):  
Soil Respiration ◽  
Forest Regeneration ◽  
Chinese Fir ◽  
Clear Cut ◽  
Chinese Fir Plantation

scholarly journals Effects of prescribed forest burning on carabid beetles (Coleoptera: Carabidae): a case study in south-eastern Norway

2006 ◽  
Vol 17 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Konstantin Gongalsky ◽  
Fred Midtgaard ◽  
Hans Overgaard
Keyword(s):  
Forest Fires ◽  
Prescribed Burning ◽  
Abundant Species ◽  
Carabid Beetles ◽  
Burned Area ◽  
Burned Areas ◽  
Clear Cut ◽  
Se Norway ◽  
Eastern Norway

The influence of prescribed burning on ground beetles was studied in a single 12 ha stand that was partially clear-cut, selectively-cut and retained (= standing forest), and was compared to an unburned stand in 2002 in SE Norway. Thirty-two species were collected using Barber pitfall traps. Carabids were more numerous and more diverse in the burned area, compared to the unburned forest. Overall abundance was highest in the selectively-cut treatment, followed by the clear-cut and standing forest. Species diversity tended to increase in the sequence unburned forest – burned standing forest – burned selectively-cut – burned clearcut. Species composition differed little between the burned treatments. Pterostichus adstrictus, a species associated with open habitats and which frequently colonizes burned areas, was the most abundant species collected. It was most common in the burned area, particularly in the selectively-cut treatment. Our results suggest that burning of a single stand may support some carabid species, even endangered ones, although larger forest fires are probablymore effective for conservation purposes.

scholarly journals Short-Term Effects of Moderate- to High-Severity Wildfire on a Disturbance-Dependent Flycatcher in Northwest California

The Auk ◽  
2003 ◽  
Vol 120 (4) ◽  
pp. 1102-1113
Author(s):  
Timothy D. Meehan ◽  
T. Luke George
Keyword(s):  
Odds Ratio ◽  
Forest Regeneration ◽  
Site Occupancy ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Burned Areas ◽  
High Severity ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Nest Loss ◽  
Short Term Effects

Abstract Previous studies have shown Olive-sided Flycatchers (Contopus cooperi) to be associated with burned forest, which suggests that wildfire is beneficial to the species. To examine that more closely, we studied the short-term effects (first two years after disturbance) of moderate- to high-severity wildfire on Olive-sided Flycatchers breeding in northwestern California. During summers of 2000 and 2001, we investigated distribution of and compared the relative nest loss, foraging rates, and aerial arthropod biomass at Olive-sided Flycatcher territories in burned and adjacent unburned forest. The probability of postfire site occupancy was best predicted by the presence of pre-existing forest edges (odds ratio = 8:1). Probability of relative nest loss was much higher in the presence of fire (odds ratio = 9:1). Adult female peak foraging rates were nearly twice as high in unburned (2000 = 2.1 attacks min−1, 2001 = 2.5) as in burned (2000 = 1.0, 2001 = 1.5) territories, and relative aerial arthropod biomass was nearly twice as high in unburned (2000 = 1,909 mg 2 m−2 40 days−1, 2001 = 3,200) as in burned (2000 = 1,105, 2001 = 1,751) territories. Although Olive-sided Flycatchers occupied recently burned areas, fire had apparent negative effects on reproduction. Poor reproduction appeared to be partially related to reduced food availability in recently burned areas. Our data suggest a need for detailed investigations of the relationship between Olive-sided Flycatchers and wildfire as postfire forest regeneration progresses.

Impact of postfire management on forest regeneration in a managed hemiboreal forest, Estonia

2015 ◽  
Vol 45 (9) ◽  
pp. 1192-1197 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kristi Parro ◽  
Marek Metslaid ◽  
Getter Renel ◽  
Allan Sims ◽  
John A. Stanturf ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Forest Regeneration ◽  
Tree Height ◽  
Fire Damage ◽  
Light Conditions ◽  
Mixed Stands ◽  
Burned Areas ◽  
Regeneration Period ◽  
Dead Trees ◽  
Dense Stand ◽  
Postfire Management

Fire is a significant agent for the development of boreal and hemiboreal forests, altering soil and light conditions, affecting seedbanks, and removing seed trees. Burned areas should be managed with care, as inappropriate techniques prolong the regeneration period and reduce the diversity and resilience of stands to disturbances. To study the effects of fire and postfire management on the successional changes in regeneration abundance, species composition and tree height sample plots were established in sandy pine forests in northwestern Estonia on areas burned 2 or 22 years ago. Five types of sample plots were established: (i) areas without fire damage, (ii) burned uncleared areas, (iii) burned forest areas cleared after forest fire, (iv) burned uncleared areas with live trees, and (v) burned uncleared areas with dead trees. Three main tree species common to hemiboreal forests were analyzed: Betula spp., Pinus sylvestris L., and Populus tremula L. Results showed that clearing burned areas after wildfire significantly reduced the abundance of regeneration compared with burned uncleared areas but favored height growth of P. sylvestris in later development. To regenerate and maintain mixed stands after wildfire, retaining some residual trees can facilitate regeneration compared with complete clearing, although a dense stand with live trees or a large amount of deadwood can hinder regeneration.

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