Determination of ethyl formate in magnesium chloride used as Ziegler-Natta catalyst support by Fourier transform infrared attenuated total reflectance spectrometry

1992 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
pp. 59-64 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vito Noto ◽  
Lucia A. Magr� ◽  
Maria Viviani ◽  
Carla Marega ◽  
Antonio Marigo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fourier Transform ◽  
Magnesium Chloride ◽  
Catalyst Support ◽  
Ethyl Formate ◽  
Attenuated Total Reflectance ◽  
Reflectance Spectrometry ◽  
Total Reflectance ◽  
Natta Catalyst ◽  
Ziegler Natta Catalyst

scholarly journals Use of Attenuated Total Reflectance—Fourier Transform Infrared (ATR-FTIR) Spectroscopy in Combination with Multivariate Methods for the Rapid Determination of the Adulteration of Grape, Carob and Mulberry Pekmez

Foods ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (7) ◽  
pp. 231 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nihal Yaman ◽  
Serap Durakli Velioglu
Keyword(s):  
Fourier Transform ◽  
Ftir Spectroscopy ◽  
Rapid Determination ◽  
Fourier Transform Infrared ◽  
Attenuated Total Reflectance ◽  
Chemometric Methods ◽  
Total Reflectance ◽  
Glucose Syrup ◽  
Model Efficiency

Pekmez, a traditional Turkish food generally produced by concentration of fruit juices, is subjected to fraudulent activities like many other foodstuffs. This study reports the use of Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) in combination with chemometric methods for the detection of fraudulent addition of glucose syrup to traditional grape, carob and mulberry pekmez. FTIR spectra of samples were taken in mid-infrared (MIR) range of 400–4000 cm−1 using attenuated total reflectance (ATR) sample accessory. Partial least squares-discriminant analysis (PLS-DA) and PLS chemometric methods were built for qualitative and quantitative analysis of pekmez samples, respectively. PLS-DA models were successfully used for the discrimination of pure pekmez samples and the adulterated pekmez samples with glucose syrup. Sensitivity and specificity of 100%, and model efficiency of 100% were obtained in PLS-DA models for all pekmez groups. Detection of the adulteration ratio of pekmez samples was also accomplished using ATR-FTIR spectroscopy in combination with PLS. As a result, it was shown that ATR-FTIR spectroscopy along with chemometric methods had a great potential for determination of pekmez adulteration with glucose syrup.

scholarly journals Determination of large microplastics: wet-sieving of dewatered digested sludge, co-substrates, and compost

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Larissa Schwinghammer ◽  
Steffen Krause ◽  
Christian Schaum
Keyword(s):  
Fourier Transform ◽  
Wastewater Treatment Plants ◽  
Aquatic Systems ◽  
Attenuated Total Reflectance ◽  
Organic Fraction ◽  
Digested Sludge ◽  
Total Reflectance ◽  
Biogas Plants ◽  
Wet Sieving

Abstract Dewatered digested sludge and compost may act as a conduit for microplastics (<5 mm) in terrestrial and subsequently aquatic systems. However, standardized methods for microplastics analyses are lacking. Thus, the aim is to demonstrate the applicability of wet-sieving as a way to quantify large microplastic particles (MPP, 1–5 mm) in dewatered digested sludge and compost. Additionally, we investigated the organic fraction of municipal solid waste, expired drinks and slaughterhouse waste used as co-substrate for anaerobic digestion at wastewater treatment plants (WWTP). Therefore, we collected samples from six WWTP and two biogas plants. These were then wet-sieved and potential MPP analysed via attenuated total reflectance Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (ATR-FTIR). In dewatered digested sludge the amount of microplastics ranged from 0 to 326 MPP/kg TS (total solids) while compost contained 39–102 MPP/kg TS. Our results show that with 0–36 MPP/kg TS co-substrates are not necessarily a source of microplastics in WWTP. Furthermore, we found film to be the most abundant shape in the biogas plant samples, whereas, in WWTP samples film, fragments and fibers were detected the most. ATR-FTIR revealed that polyvinyl chloride, polyester, polypropylene, and polyethylene were the most abundant materials found across all samples.

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