X-ray-TV and fluoroscopic control of weld joints

1986 ◽  
Vol 22 (2) ◽  
pp. 69-71
Author(s):  
V. I. �tingov ◽  
V. I. Lebedev ◽  
V. G. Treskin
Keyword(s):  
X Ray ◽  
Weld Joints ◽  
Fluoroscopic Control

Special Features of Reactor Coolant Pipe Inspection Exampled by Testing of Weld Specimen

NDT World ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 18 (4) ◽  
pp. 42-48
Author(s):  
Титов ◽  
Vyacheslav Titov
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Analysis ◽  
Ultrasonic Testing ◽  
Phased Array ◽  
Pulse Repetition Frequency ◽  
Flaw Detector ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Reactor Coolant ◽  
Weld Joints ◽  
Ultrasonic Flaw ◽  
Gain Adjustment

Introduction. Testing of reactor coolant pipe (RCP) weld joints and matters of testing quality ensuring are considered in the article. The aim of the study was to demonstrate the potential of phased array ultrasonic systems for testing of RCP as well as to show capabilities of portable X-ray fluorescence analyzers for composition express analysis of weld joints. Method. Real fragments of RCP weld joints Du580 were chosen for the experiment. Phased array ultrasonic flaw detector OmniScan MX was used as a testing instrument; testing data were analyzed and interpreted with TomoView software. Chemical analysis was fulfilled with PMI Master UVR and Olympus DELTA devices. Results. Fragments of RCP weld joints Du580 have been examined. Chemical analysis results have confirmed that a portable X-ray fluorescence analyzer can be used for determining the main alloying elements. Benefits and drawbacks of phased array ultrasonic testing for RCP weld joints have been revealed; recommendations for time corrected gain adjustment and pulse repetition frequency selection have been given; questions of improvement of testing productivity and quality have been considered. Conclusion. Application of phased array at ultrasonic testing of complex and important objects increases objectivity of the testing results. Using real fragments of reactor coolant pipe as specimens for adjustment makes it possible both to avoid interpretation mistakes and develop detailed testing techniques.

scholarly journals Potential Intrathecal Leakage of Solutions Injected into the Epidural Space following Combined Spinal Epidural Anaesthesia

1998 ◽  
Vol 26 (3) ◽  
pp. 256-261 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Vartis ◽  
C. B. Collier ◽  
S. P. Gatt
Keyword(s):  
Epidural Catheter ◽  
Bolus Dose ◽  
Dural Puncture ◽  
Puncture Site ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Combined Spinal Epidural ◽  
Fluoroscopic Control ◽  
Close Proximity ◽  
Epidural Anaesthetic ◽  
Spinal Epidural

A combined spinal epidural anaesthetic (CSE), by design, produces a deliberate multicompartment block across a breached dural membrane. Since the lateral holes of the epidural catheter may lie in close proximity to the dural puncture site, a bolus solution of drug injected via the epidural catheter has the potential to leak through the dural puncture into the subarachnoid space. The aim of this study was to determine the incidence of intrathecal leak by performing an epidurogram. Fifteen patients undergoing surgery with a CSE anaesthetic using a 16 gauge Tuohy/26 gauge pencil point needle were studied. Within three hours of catheter insertion, 12 ml of contrast (iohexol 300 mg/ml) was injected via the epidural catheter under fluoroscopic control with screen recording and exposure of lateral and anteroposterior X-ray plates. All films were later reviewed for evidence of intrathecal spread. We did not observe any evidence of intrathecal spread of contrast. However, caution should be observed during administration of an intraoperative bolus dose of analgesic agent via a catheter inserted as part of a combined spinal epidural anaesthetic technique, particularly with the use of hydrophilic opiods.

Detachable balloon catheter

1978 ◽  
Vol 48 (5) ◽  
pp. 717-723 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael V. DiTullio ◽  
Robert W. Rand ◽  
Eldon Frisch
Keyword(s):  
Arteriovenous Malformations ◽  
Balloon Catheter ◽  
Balloon Occlusion ◽  
Western Hemisphere ◽  
Detachable Balloon ◽  
Content Type ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Fluoroscopic Control ◽  
Widespread Interest ◽  
Fine Print

✓ Recent Russian reports have described the use of balloon occlusion in both the diagnosis and treatment of various pathological processes affecting intracranial vessels. This intraluminal approach has demonstrated successful results in vascular problems such as carotid-cavernous fistulae, arteriovenous malformations, and large inoperable aneurysms. Despite widespread interest in the neurosurgical community, the application of a similar technique in the Western hemisphere has been hindered by lack of an adequate, functional, inflatable apparatus. The authors describe their experience with the prototype of a safe, reliable, detachable balloon. Because of a unique development, the apparatus may be filled with liquid and detached from its parent catheter without subsequent leakage. In order to satisfy variable requirements, balloons are available in several sizes ranging from 0.5 to 4.0 mm in diameter. When fully inflated these devices will hold from 1 to 3 cc of fluid. The authors' study involved 18 dogs with artificially created carotid-jugular fistulae that were visualized by angiography. Under fluoroscopic control, detachment of inflated balloons on the venous side of the defect not only successfully occluded the fistulae but also preserved the arterial vasculature. X-ray films taken several weeks later failed to show any change either in size or position of theinflated devices.

Space and Time Distribution of Hard X-Ray Emission in a Loop at the Beginning of a Flare

1994 ◽  
Vol 144 ◽  
pp. 275-277
Author(s):  
M. Karlický ◽  
J. C. Hénoux
Keyword(s):  
Time Distribution ◽  
Electron Bombardment ◽  
Spatial Evolution ◽  
Superthermal Electrons ◽  
Flare Loop ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Superthermal Electron ◽  
Flare Loops ◽  
Chromospheric Evaporation ◽  
Temporal And Spatial

AbstractUsing a new ID hybrid model of the electron bombardment in flare loops, we study not only the evolution of densities, plasma velocities and temperatures in the loop, but also the temporal and spatial evolution of hard X-ray emission. In the present paper a continuous bombardment by electrons isotropically accelerated at the top of flare loop with a power-law injection distribution function is considered. The computations include the effects of the return-current that reduces significantly the depth of the chromospheric layer which is evaporated. The present modelling is made with superthermal electron parameters corresponding to the classical resistivity regime for an input energy flux of superthermal electrons of 109erg cm−2s−1. It was found that due to the electron bombardment the two chromospheric evaporation waves are generated at both feet of the loop and they propagate up to the top, where they collide and cause temporary density and hard X-ray enhancements.

Some Problems in Understanding the Solar Corona

1994 ◽  
Vol 144 ◽  
pp. 1-9
Author(s):  
A. H. Gabriel
Keyword(s):  
Solar Corona ◽  
Solar Atmosphere ◽  
Theoretical Modelling ◽  
Total System ◽  
Major Advance ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Proper Perspective ◽  
Space Observations

The development of the physics of the solar atmosphere during the last 50 years has been greatly influenced by the increasing capability of observations made from space. Access to images and spectra of the hotter plasma in the UV, XUV and X-ray regions provided a major advance over the few coronal forbidden lines seen in the visible and enabled the cooler chromospheric and photospheric plasma to be seen in its proper perspective, as part of a total system. In this way space observations have stimulated new and important advances, not only in space but also in ground-based observations and theoretical modelling, so that today we find a well-balanced harmony between the three techniques.

White-Light Coronal Structures: Streamers and CMEs

1994 ◽  
Vol 144 ◽  
pp. 82
Author(s):  
E. Hildner
Keyword(s):  
Emission Line ◽  
Electron Density ◽  
White Light ◽  
Coronal Mass Ejections ◽  
X Rays ◽  
Solar Cycles ◽  
Temperature Function ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Eclipse Observations ◽  
Coronal Structures

AbstractOver the last twenty years, orbiting coronagraphs have vastly increased the amount of observational material for the whitelight corona. Spanning almost two solar cycles, and augmented by ground-based K-coronameter, emission-line, and eclipse observations, these data allow us to assess,inter alia: the typical and atypical behavior of the corona; how the corona evolves on time scales from minutes to a decade; and (in some respects) the relation between photospheric, coronal, and interplanetary features. This talk will review recent results on these three topics. A remark or two will attempt to relate the whitelight corona between 1.5 and 6 R⊙to the corona seen at lower altitudes in soft X-rays (e.g., with Yohkoh). The whitelight emission depends only on integrated electron density independent of temperature, whereas the soft X-ray emission depends upon the integral of electron density squared times a temperature function. The properties of coronal mass ejections (CMEs) will be reviewed briefly and their relationships to other solar and interplanetary phenomena will be noted.

Iron K-Line Emission from X-Ray Binaries

1988 ◽  
Vol 102 ◽  
pp. 47-50
Author(s):  
K. Masai ◽  
S. Hayakawa ◽  
F. Nagase
Keyword(s):  
Accretion Disk ◽  
Radiative Recombination ◽  
Characteristic Temperature ◽  
Line Emission ◽  
Ionization Front ◽  
Continuum Radiation ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Low Mass ◽  
X Ray Binaries

AbstractEmission mechanisms of the iron Kα-lines in X-ray binaries are discussed in relation with the characteristic temperature Txof continuum radiation thereof. The 6.7 keV line is ascribed to radiative recombination followed by cascades in a corona of ∼ 100 eV formed above the accretion disk. This mechanism is attained for Tx≲ 10 keV as observed for low mass X-ray binaries. The 6.4 keV line observed for binary X-ray pulsars with Tx> 10 keV is likely due to fluorescence outside the He II ionization front.

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