The effect of pregnant mare serum gonadotropin on mouse embryos fertilized in vivo or in vitro

1986 ◽  
Vol 3 (6) ◽  
pp. 353-357 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fumihiko Sato ◽  
Richard P. Marrs
Keyword(s):  
Mouse Embryos ◽  
Pregnant Mare Serum Gonadotropin ◽  
Serum Gonadotropin

scholarly journals The Absence of ER-β Results in Altered Gene Expression in Ovarian Granulosa Cells Isolated From In Vivo Preovulatory Follicles

Endocrinology ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 154 (6) ◽  
pp. 2174-2187 ◽  
Author(s):  
April K. Binder ◽  
Karina F. Rodriguez ◽  
Katherine J. Hamilton ◽  
Patricia S. Stockton ◽  
Casey E. Reed ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Estrogen Receptor ◽  
Granulosa Cells ◽  
Altered Expression ◽  
Ovarian Granulosa Cells ◽  
Stage Of Development ◽  
Pregnant Mare Serum Gonadotropin ◽  
Expression Of Genes ◽  
Serum Gonadotropin

Abstract Determining the spatial and temporal expression of genes involved in the ovulatory pathway is critical for the understanding of the role of each estrogen receptor in the modulation of folliculogenesis and ovulation. Estrogen receptor (ER)-β is highly expressed in ovarian granulosa cells, and mice lacking ER-β are subfertile due to inefficient ovulation. Previous work has focused on isolated granulosa cells or cultured follicles and, although informative, provides confounding results due to the heterogeneous cell types present including granulosa and theca cells and oocytes and exposure to in vitro conditions. Herein we isolated preovulatory granulosa cells from wild-type (WT) and ERβ-null mice using laser capture microdissection to examine the genomic transcriptional response downstream of pregnant mare serum gonadotropin (mimicking FSH) and pregnant mare serum gonadotropin/human chorionic gonadotropin (mimicking LH) stimulation. This allows for a direct comparison of in vivo granulosa cells at the same stage of development from both WT and ERβ-null ovaries. ERβ-null granulosa cells showed altered expression of genes known to be regulated by FSH (Akap12 and Runx2) as well as not previously reported (Arnt2 and Pou5f1) in WT granulosa cells. Our analysis also identified 304 genes not previously associated with ERβ in granulosa cells. LH-responsive genes including Abcb1b and Fam110c show reduced expression in ERβ-null granulosa cells; however, novel genes including Rassf2 and Megf10 were also identified as being downstream of LH signaling in granulosa cells. Collectively, our data suggest that granulosa cells from ERβ-null ovaries may not be appropriately differentiated and are unable to respond properly to gonadotropin stimulation.

Lethality of a tritiated amino acid in early mouse embryos

Development ◽  
1985 ◽  
Vol 88 (1) ◽  
pp. 209-217
Author(s):  
Janet L. Wiebold ◽  
Gary B. Anderson
Keyword(s):  
Specific Activity ◽  
Subsequent Development ◽  
Blastocyst Stage ◽  
Mouse Embryos ◽  
Radiation Induced ◽  
Specific Activities ◽  
Tritiated Amino Acids ◽  
Early Mouse

2- to 4-cell and morula- to blastocyst-stage mouse embryos were cultured for 1 h in tritiated leucine at two specific activities and their subsequent development followed in vitro and in vivo (after transfer to recipients), respectively. 2- to 4-cell embryos that incorporated an average of 42 d.p.m. per embryo were impaired in their ability to develop to the morula and blastocyst stage. Recipients receiving morulae and blastocysts that had incorporated an average of 384 d.p.m. per embryo failed to produce young. Reduction of the specific activity improved the viability of embryos both in vitro and in vivo but development was still less than that of unlabelled embryos. Protein degradation curves were different for both 2- to 4-cell and morulato blastocyst-stage embryos labelled at the two different specific activities. Most studies using tritiated amino acids have employed higher specific activities than those used here and they may have to be reevaluated due to the possibility of radiation-induced artifacts.

Neural tube development in mutant (curly tail) and normal mouse embryos: the timing of posterior neuropore closure in vivo and in vitro

Development ◽  
1982 ◽  
Vol 69 (1) ◽  
pp. 151-167
Author(s):  
A. J. Copp ◽  
M. J. Seller ◽  
P. E. Polani
Keyword(s):  
Neural Tube ◽  
Neural Tube Defects ◽  
Mouse Embryos ◽  
Injection Technique ◽  
Posterior Neuropore ◽  
Curly Tail ◽  
Mechanisms Of Development ◽  
Delayed Closure

A dye-injection technique has been used to determine the developmental stage at which posterior neuropore (PNP) closure occurs in normal and mutant curly tail mouse embryos. In vivo, the majority of non-mutant embryos undergo PNP closure between 30 and 34 somites whereas approximately 50% of all mutant embryos show delayed closure, and around 20% maintain an open PNP even at advanced stages of development. A similar result has been found for embryos developing in vitro from the headfold stage. Later in development, 50–60% of mutant embryos in vivo develop tail flexion defects, and 15–20% lumbosacral myeloschisis. This supports the view that delayed PNP closure is the main developmental lesion leading to the appearance of caudal neural tube defects in curly tail mice. The neural tube is closed in the region of tail flexion defects, but it is locally overexpanded and abnormal in position. The significance of these observations is discussed in relation to possible mechanisms of development of lumbosacral and caudal neural tube defects. This paper constitutes the first demonstration of the development of a genetically induced malformation in vitro.

Localization of cytoskeletal proteins in preimplantation mouse embryos

Development ◽  
1980 ◽  
Vol 55 (1) ◽  
pp. 211-225
Author(s):  
E. Lehtonen ◽  
R. A. Badley
Keyword(s):  
Blastocyst Stage ◽  
Cytoskeletal Proteins ◽  
Mouse Embryos ◽  
Trophectoderm Cells ◽  
Apparent Concentration ◽  
Preimplantation Mouse ◽  
Early Mouse ◽  
Filament Protein

The immunofluorescence technique was used to detect the presence and distribution of actin, alpha-actinin, tubulin and 10 nm filament protein in early mouse embryos. Actin and alpha-actinin stainings showed a distinct concentration to a peripheral layer in the cleavage-stage blastomeres and in trophectoderm cells. Dots of fluorescence appeared in this cortical staining pattern. The distribution of tubulin staining in the blastomere cytoplasm was relatively even with apparent concentration at the perinuclear region and frequently at wide intercellular contact areas. 10 nm filament protein was distributed evenly in the blastomere cytoplasm without cortical concentration of the label. At the blastocyst stage, the trophectoderm cells in blastocyst outgrowths in vitro developed well organized cytoskeletons including both microfilament, microtubule and 10 nm filament elements. Comparable structures were not observed in blastocysts in vivo, or in late hatched blastocysts cultured in suspension. The morphogenetic significance of the observations is discussed.

scholarly journals Divergent functions and distinct localization of the Notch ligands DLL1 and DLL3 in vivo

2007 ◽  
Vol 178 (3) ◽  
pp. 465-476 ◽  
Author(s):  
Insa Geffers ◽  
Katrin Serth ◽  
Gavin Chapman ◽  
Robert Jaekel ◽  
Karin Schuster-Gossler ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Golgi Apparatus ◽  
Mouse Embryos ◽  
Functional Equivalence ◽  
Presomitic Mesoderm ◽  
Drosophila Wing ◽  
Wing Discs ◽  
Golgi Network ◽  
Notch Ligands

The Notch ligands Dll1 and Dll3 are coexpressed in the presomitic mesoderm of mouse embryos. Despite their coexpression, mutations in Dll1 and Dll3 cause strikingly different defects. To determine if there is any functional equivalence, we replaced Dll1 with Dll3 in mice. Dll3 does not compensate for Dll1; DLL1 activates Notch in Drosophila wing discs, but DLL3 does not. We do not observe evidence for antagonism between DLL1 and DLL3, or repression of Notch activity in mice or Drosophila. In vitro analyses show that differences in various domains of DLL1 and DLL3 individually contribute to their biochemical nonequivalence. In contrast to endogenous DLL1 located on the surface of presomitic mesoderm cells, we find endogenous DLL3 predominantly in the Golgi apparatus. Our data demonstrate distinct in vivo functions for DLL1 and DLL3. They suggest that DLL3 does not antagonize DLL1 in the presomitic mesoderm and warrant further analyses of potential physiological functions of DLL3 in the Golgi network.

scholarly journals Changes of the adenine ribonucleotide content during preimplantation development of mouse embryos in vivo and in vitro

Reproduction ◽  
1984 ◽  
Vol 71 (2) ◽  
pp. 467-473 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. Spielmann ◽  
U. Jacob-Mueller ◽  
P. Schulz ◽  
A. Schimmel
Keyword(s):  
Mouse Embryos ◽  
Preimplantation Development
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