Determination of oil ? Water interface using a 6?8 MeV electron beam

1973 ◽  
Vol 34 (6) ◽  
pp. 594-596
Author(s):  
M. M. Dorosh ◽  
A. M. Parlag ◽  
V. A. Shkoda-Ul'yanov ◽  
I. I. Danilich ◽  
V. M. Mazur ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Electron Beam ◽  
Water Interface ◽  
Oil Water

Polarizability and nonpolarizability of oil-water interfaces with relevance to a.c. impendance measurements

1991 ◽  
Vol 56 (1) ◽  
pp. 112-129 ◽  
Author(s):  
Takashi Kakiuchi ◽  
Mitsugi Senda
Keyword(s):  
Charge Transfer ◽  
Numerical Calculation ◽  
Supporting Electrolyte ◽  
Water Interface ◽  
Migration Effect ◽  
Ac Current ◽  
Stationary Interface ◽  
Oil Water ◽  
Anion Transfer

We have estimated the degree of polarizability of a polarized oil-water interface used as a working interface and that of the nonpolarizability of a nonpolarized interface used as a reference oil-water interface from the numerical calculation of dc and ac current vs potential behavior at both interfaces. Theoretical equations of dc and ac currents for simultaneous cation and anion transfer of supporting electrolytes have been derived for the planar stationary interface for reversible and quasi-reversible cases. In the derivation, the migration effect and the coupling of the cation and anion transfer have been incorporated. The transfer of ions constituting a supporting electrolyte contributes to the total admittance of the interface even in the region where the interface may be considered as polarized in dc sense, as pointed out first by Samec et al. (J. Electroanal. Chem. 126, 121 (1981)). Moreover, the reference oil-water interface is not ideally reversible, so that the contribution from this interface to the measured admittance cannot be negligible, unless the area of the reference oil-water interface is much larger than that of the working oil-water interface. The effect of non-ideality of the reference oil-water interface on the determination of double layer capacitances and kinetic parameters of charge transfer at the working oil-water interface has been estimated.

Red blood cell adhesion. I. Determination of the ionic conditions for adhesion to an oil-water interface

1980 ◽  
Vol 41 (1) ◽  
pp. 125-133
Author(s):  
I. Todd ◽  
D. Gingell
Keyword(s):  
Chloride Concentration ◽  
Liquid Hydrocarbon ◽  
Water Interface ◽  
Human Red Blood Cells ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Oil Water ◽  
Physical Forces ◽  
Concentration Cells ◽  
Do So

We have examined the adhesion of glutaraldehyde-treated human red blood cells to a clean liquid hydrocarbon interface as a function of sodium chloride concentration. Cells adhere reversibly to the interface over a wide range of concentrations but fail to do so below about 0.1 mM. Adherent cells do not alter the tension of the oil/water interface. These results show that cells can adhere by physical forces in special situations without biochemical interactions. The data provide a basis for calculating the size of the physical forces.

The Analysis of Dislocations Using a Symmetry Criterion

1972 ◽  
Vol 30 ◽  
pp. 660-661
Author(s):  
J. C. Ingram ◽  
P. R. Strutt ◽  
Wen-Shian Tzeng
Keyword(s):  
Electron Beam ◽  
Electron Microscope ◽  
Displacement Field ◽  
Standard Technique ◽  
Residual Image ◽  
Symmetry Criterion

The invisibility criterion which is the standard technique for determining the nature of dislocations seen in the electron microscope can at times lead to erroneous results or at best cause confusion in many cases since the dislocation can still show a residual image if the term is non-zero, or if the edge and screw displacements are anisotropically coupled, or if the dislocation has a mixed character. The symmetry criterion discussed below can be used in conjunction with and in some cases supersede the invisibility criterion for obtaining a valid determination of the nature of the dislocation.The symmetry criterion is based upon the well-known fact that a dislocation, because of the symmetric nature of its displacement field, can show a symmetric image when the dislocation is correctly oriented with respect to the electron beam.

Enhanced information from biological materials through technological improvements in cryo-electron microscopy

1992 ◽  
Vol 50 (1) ◽  
pp. 788-789
Author(s):  
Marc J.C. de Jong ◽  
Wim M. Busing ◽  
Max T. Otten
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Electron Beam ◽  
Biological Materials ◽  
Electron Crystallography ◽  
Cryo Electron Microscopy ◽  
Transmission Electron ◽  
The Many ◽  
Technological Improvements ◽  
Beam Damage

Biological materials damage rapidly in the electron beam, limiting the amount of information that can be obtained in the transmission electron microscope. The discovery that observation at cryo temperatures strongly reduces beam damage (in addition to making it unnecessaiy to use chemical fixatives, dehydration agents and stains, which introduce artefacts) has given an important step forward to preserving the ‘live’ situation and makes it possible to study the relation between function, chemical composition and morphology.Among the many cryo-applications, the most challenging is perhaps the determination of the atomic structure. Henderson and co-workers were able to determine the structure of the purple membrane by electron crystallography, providing an understanding of the membrane's working as a proton pump. As far as understood at present, the main stumbling block in achieving high resolution appears to be a random movement of atoms or molecules in the specimen within a fraction of a second after exposure to the electron beam, which destroys the highest-resolution detail sought.

Porous materials from cellulose nanocrystal and mxene surfactants at the oil/water interface

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bingqing qian ◽  
Haiqiao Wang ◽  
Dong Wang ◽  
Hao-Bin Zhang ◽  
Jessica Wu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Porous Materials ◽  
Cellulose Nanocrystal ◽  
Water Interface ◽  
Oil Water

scholarly journals Evidence for two asymmetric conformational states in the human erythrocyte sugar-transport system

1975 ◽  
Vol 145 (3) ◽  
pp. 417-429 ◽  
Author(s):  
J E Barnett ◽  
G D Holman ◽  
R A Chalkley ◽  
K A Munday
Keyword(s):  
Glucose Transport ◽  
Transport System ◽  
Human Erythrocyte ◽  
Partition Coefficients ◽  
External Medium ◽  
Sugar Transport ◽  
Conformational States ◽  
Glucose Transport System ◽  
Oil Water

6-O-methyl-, 6-O-propyl-, 6-O-pentyl- and 6-O-benzyl-D-galactose, and 6-O-methyl-, 6-O-propyl- and 6-O-pentyl-D-glucose inhibit the glucose-transport system of the human erythrocyte when added to the external medium. Penetration of 6-O-methyl-D-galactose is inhibited by D-glucose, suggesting that it is transported by the glucose-transport system, but the longer-chain 6-O-alkyl-D-galactoses penetrate by a slower D-glucose-insensitive route at rates proportional to their olive oil/water partition coefficients. 6-O-n-Propyl-D-glucose and 6-O-n-propyl-D-galactose do not significantly inhibit L-sorbose entry or D-glucose exit when present only on the inside of the cells whereas propyl-beta-D-glucopyranoside, which also penetrates the membrane slowly by a glucose-insensitive route, only inhibits L-sorbose entry or D-glucose exit when present inside the cells, and not when on the outside. The 6-O-alkyl-D-galactoses, like the other nontransported C-4 and C-6 derivatives, maltose and 4,6-O-ethylidene-D-glucose, protect against fluorodinitrobenzene inactivation, whereas propyl beta-D-glucopyranoside stimulates the inactivation. Of the transported sugars tested, those modified at C-1, C-2 and C-3 enhance fluorodinitrobenzene inactivation, where those modified at C-4 and C-6 do not, but are inert or protect against inactivation. An asymmetric mechanism is proposed with two conformational states in which the sugar binds to the transport system so that C-4 and C-6 are in contact with the solvent on the outside and C-1 is in contact with the solvent on the inside of the cell. It is suggested that fluorodinitrobenzene reacts with the form of the transport system that binds sugars at the inner side of the membrane. An Appendix describes the theoretical basis of the experimental methods used for the determination of kinetic constants for non-permeating inhibitors.

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