Occupational pursuits of free women in early America: An examination of eighteenth-century newspapers

1988 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 89-109 ◽  
Author(s):  
Martin Schultz ◽  
Herman R. Lantz
Keyword(s):  
Eighteenth Century ◽  
Early America ◽  
Free Women

The Philadelphia Printer: A Study of an Eighteenth-Century Businessman

1966 ◽  
Vol 40 (1) ◽  
pp. 24-46 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter J. Parker
Keyword(s):  
Eighteenth Century ◽  
Early America

This composite portrait of a “community” of printers reveals the composition of their trade and the unique mixture of businessman and publicist they represented in early America.

“A Church-going People are a Dress-loving People”: Clothes, Communication, and Religious Culture in Early America

1989 ◽  
Vol 58 (1) ◽  
pp. 36-51 ◽  
Author(s):  
Leigh Eric Schmidt
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
North Carolina ◽  
Eighteenth Century ◽  
Religious Culture ◽  
Early America ◽  
Early Nineteenth Century

When the early nineteenth-century pastor William Henry Foote reflected upon the eighteenth-century Christians who were his forebears in North Carolina and Virginia, he paused at one point to make an observation about the clothes they wore. “A church-going people are a dress-loving people”, he said; “The sanctity and decorum of the house of God are inseparably associated with a decent exterior; and the spiritual, heavenly exercises of the inner man are incompatible with a defiled and tattered, or slovenly mein. All regular Christian assemblies cultivate a taste for dress, and none more so than the hardy pioneer settlers of Upper Carolina, and the valley and mountains of Virginia” As they readied themselves for worship, Foote elaborated, the faithful “put on their best and carefully preserved dress” in preparation for “their approach to the King of Kings”.

scholarly journals Tropical Hospitality, British Masculinity, and Drink in Late Eighteenth-Century Jamaica

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-22
Author(s):  
Trevor Burnard
Keyword(s):  
Eighteenth Century ◽  
White Male ◽  
Sexual Exploitation ◽  
Excessive Drinking ◽  
Enslaved Women ◽  
Late Eighteenth Century ◽  
Late Eighteenth ◽  
Drinking Culture ◽  
The Tropics ◽  
Free Women

Abstract White Jamaicans developed a drinking culture that drew on British precedents, but which mutated in the tropics into a form of sociability different from how sociability operated in mid-eighteenth Enlightenment Europe, where civility was a much-aspired-to norm. In this article, I use works by eighteenth-century social commentators on Jamaica – Edward Long and especially J. B. Moreton – to explore how white Jamaicans developed a form of sociability which in Long was praised as showing Jamaicans as a generous and hospitable people but which in Moreton was described, more accurately, as a distinctive and unattractive form of debauchery, oriented around excessive drinking and sexual exploitation of enslaved women and free women of colour. The overwhelming importance of slavery in Jamaica accentuated the trends towards a debauched version of hospitality that stressed white male pleasure over everything else as a central animating value in society.

Timothy Dwight's Rhetorical Ideology of Taste in Federalist Connecticut

2001 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
pp. 93-124
Author(s):  
Mark Garrett Longaker
Keyword(s):  
Eighteenth Century ◽  
Rhetorical Theory ◽  
Economic Environment ◽  
The Political ◽  
Early America ◽  
Early American ◽  
Morality Politics ◽  
American Federalism ◽  
American Rhetoric ◽  
Political Figure

Recent histories of early American rhetoric have not contextualized the rhetorics studied sufficiently, resulting particularly in an ahistorical portrait of Timothy Dwight as a “civic rhetor”. This essay situates Dwight's rhetorical theory in the political, social, and economic environment of early America. Particularly, it argues that Dwight's ideas about rhetoric, morality, politics, and theology were all tied together by his conception of “taste”, and in his career as a public minister, as a teacher at Yale, and as an active political figure in eighteenth-century Connecticut, Dwight pushed an ideology of taste that supported early American Federalism.

Let the Children Come: The Religion of the Protestant Child in Early America

2007 ◽  
Vol 76 (4) ◽  
pp. 750-777 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. Brooks Holifield
Keyword(s):  
Eighteenth Century ◽  
New England ◽  
Kingdom Of God ◽  
Jonathan Edwards ◽  
Early America ◽  
Sunday Schools ◽  
The Bible ◽  
Middle Colonies ◽  
Special Instruction ◽  
Christian Practices

In 1844, the Congregationalist minister Enoch Pond in Bangor, Maine, reminded his fellow clergy that they had been commissioned not only to feed the sheep of their flocks but also to nurture the lambs. Under no circumstances, he cautioned, would a good minister neglect the children, for both Christian parents and their pastors felt “the deepest anxiety” that the children of American parishes would not “receive that wise government, that faithful discipline, that Christian instruction and restraint, which, by the blessing of God, shall result in their speedy conversion, and bring them early and truly into the fold of Christ.” He called for pastors to pray for the children, to convene meetings of praying parents, to pay attention to children during pastoral visits, to impart special instruction to children from the pulpit, to visit their schools, to institute Sunday schools, to teach children the Bible, and to offer catechetical instruction. The devoted pastor would acquaint himself with children, “enter into their feelings, and interest himself in their affairs; and thus engage their affections, and win their confidence.“Christian clergy in America had long heeded such admonitions. Seventeenth-century Puritan ministers made serious, if sporadic, efforts to teach the catechism, often invited groups of children into their homes for instruction, contended over the implications of the baptismal covenant, and urged parents to teach their offspring religious truths and Christian practices. Eighteenth-century Anglican clergy made similar efforts to instruct children, and their revivalist counter-parts in New England and the Middle Colonies encouraged the conversion of children at younger than customary ages. Jonathan Edwards devoted careful attention to his four-year-old convert Phebe Bartlet, who followed in the path of her converted eleven-year-old brother by announcing, after anguished prayers and cries for mercy, that “the kingdom of God had come” to her.

scholarly journals Convict the Deviant: Masculinity and Rape in Early America

Elements ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Katherine Quigley
Keyword(s):  
Eighteenth Century ◽  
Early America ◽  
Male Behavior ◽  
Deviant Behaviors ◽  
Late Eighteenth Century ◽  
Late Eighteenth

<p>In the late eighteenth century, the proper expression of masculinity was essential<br />for citizenship and acceptance into the patriarchal community. Rapists were considered<br />to be prime examples of unmanly deviants expressing their sexuality outside of<br />culturally acceptable norms. Despite this, rapes often went unpunished or ignored,<br />as respectable and oftentimes wealthy men serving as judges and in juries strove to<br />protect their access to women. The few men they chose to prosecute and execute for<br />rape were overwhelmingly marginalized people who refused to conform to acceptable<br />standards of male behavior. Through criminal narratives, accused rapists—often<br />with the input of a minister —explained their crimes in the context of their past<br />actions and circumstances, and warned others to conform to acceptable standards.<br />The use of criminal narratives to emphasize the gender and socially deviant behaviors<br />of convicted rapists popularized the belief that it was primarily unmanly outsiders,<br />rather than respectable patriarchs, who committed such crimes.</p>

scholarly journals Recovering Washington's Body-Double: Disability and Manliness in the Life and Legacy of a Founding Father

2012 ◽  
Vol 32 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Thomas A. Foster
Keyword(s):  
Eighteenth Century ◽  
Historical Memory ◽  
Historical Context ◽  
Early America ◽  
Mobility Impairment ◽  
Founding Father ◽  
Institutional Discrimination ◽  
Early American ◽  
American Founder

<p>This essay closely examines early American Founder, Gouverneur Morris's personal diaries that he kept while in Paris from 1789 to 1793. Morris's writings make him an obvious candidate for a case study that uses recent and developing literature on the histories of early American disability, sexuality, and masculinity to try to understand Morris's historical context and experiences. Historical memory of Morris depicts his mobility impairment as a personal challenge that he overcame. Although he experienced some negative responses from able-bodied individuals in both America and Europe, he lived in a world that had moved past viewing disability as a physical marker of Godlessness but that had not yet embraced the modern medicalized conceptualization of abnormality and accompanying institutional discrimination. Morris's diaries offer a rare glimpse at the experiences and identity of an eighteenth-century American with a disability.</p><p>Keywords</p><p>sexuality, early America, disability, Founding Father, masculinity</p>

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