Information constraints in medical encounters

1984 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 116-126 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rachelle D. Hollander
Keyword(s):  
Information Constraints

The economic analysis of rationality in the tradition of Harvey Leibenstein

2020 ◽  
pp. 21-38
Author(s):  
Ivan V. Rozmainsky ◽  
Yulia I. Pashentseva
Keyword(s):  
Economic Analysis ◽  
Real Life ◽  
Informal Institutions ◽  
External Information ◽  
Urban Residents ◽  
The Future ◽  
Information Constraints ◽  
High Degree ◽  
Market Capitalism

The paper is devoted to the economic analysis of rationality in the tradition of Harvey Leibenstein: the authors perceive rationality as “calculatedness” when making decisions, while the degree of this “calculatedness” is interpreted as a variable. Thus, this approach does not correspond to the generally accepted neoclassical interpretation of rationality, according to which rationality is both full and constant. The authors believe that such a neoclassical approach makes too stringent requirements for the abilities of people. In real life, people do not behave like calculating machines. The paper discusses various factors limiting the degree of rationality of individuals. One group of factors is associated with external information constraints such as the complexity and extensiveness of information, as well as the uncertainty of the future. Another group of factors is related to informal institutions. In particular, the paper states that the system of planned socialism contributes to less rationality than the system of market capitalism. Thus, in the post-socialist countries, including contemporary Russia, one should not expect a high degree of rationality of the behavior of economic entities. The paper mentions, in particular, the factors of rationality caused by informal institutions, such as the propensity to calculate, the propensity to be independent when making decisions and the propensity to set goals. The authors also believe that people who live on their own are usually more rational than people who share a common household with someone else. This assumption is verified econometrically based on data on young urban residents collected by the authors. It turned out that the behavior of people included in this database, in general, corresponds to what the authors believed.

Using cognitive work analysis to design a continuous quality improvement monitoring system for medical school accreditation

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
◽  
Lisa A. Royse
Keyword(s):  
Quality Improvement ◽  
Medical School ◽  
Monitoring System ◽  
Continuous Quality Improvement ◽  
Cognitive Work Analysis ◽  
Work Analysis ◽  
Continuous Quality ◽  
Cognitive Work ◽  
Oversight Committee ◽  
Information Constraints

[ACCESS RESTRICTED TO THE UNIVERSITY OF MISSOURI AT AUTHOR'S REQUEST.] The purpose of this study is to apply phases of Cognitive Work Analysis (CWA) to identify human and information constraints in how a medical school tracks and monitors the Liaison Committee of Medical Education (LCME) accreditation elements and use the identified constraints to guide design decisions for development of a Continuous Quality Improvement (CQI) Tracker system that will be used to facilitate the LCME Oversight Committee meetings. The researcher answered the following questions: What do the phases of CWA reveal about system constraints of a LCME CQI monitoring system at a medical school? More specifically, what are the design implications for a system that supports an oversight committee in the continuous monitoring of accreditation elements at a medical school? Direct observations, document review, and interviews with 17 members of the LCME Oversight Committee were conducted. Findings from qualitative analysis of interview transcripts were mapped to three phases of CWA. Findings were then used to create models that allowed the researcher to gain a deep understanding of the human and information constraints to consider when designing an LCME CQI tracking system.

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