Methods for exploring management options to reduce greenhouse gas emissions from tropical grazing systems

1994 ◽  
Vol 27 (1) ◽  
pp. 49-70 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Mark Howden ◽  
David H. White ◽  
Greg M. Mckeon ◽  
Joe C. Scanlan ◽  
John O. Carter
Keyword(s):  
Greenhouse Gas Emissions ◽  
Greenhouse Gas ◽  
Management Options ◽  
Gas Emissions ◽  
Grazing Systems

scholarly journals The Climate Change Impact of Possible Municipal Solic Waste Management Scenarios in Estonia

2017 ◽  
pp. 78
Author(s):  
Harri Moora ◽  
Evelin Urbel-Piirsalu ◽  
Viktoria Voronova
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Waste Management ◽  
Greenhouse Gas Emissions ◽  
Greenhouse Gas ◽  
Climate Change Impact ◽  
Municipal Waste ◽  
Management Scenarios ◽  
Management Options ◽  
Gas Emissions ◽  
Change Impact

Waste management has an influence on the greenhouse gas (GHG) formation. The emissions of greenhouse gases vary between the EU countries depending on waste treatment practices and other regional factors such us composition of waste. The aim of this paper was to examine, from a life-cycle perspective, Municipal Solid Waste (MSW) management in the context of greenhouse gas formation and to evaluate the possible reduction of climate change potential of alternative waste management options in Estonia. The paper summarises the results of a case study in Estonia, assessing the climate change impact by 2020 in terms of net greenhouse gas emissions from two possible management scenarios. As a result it can be concluded that better management of municipal waste and diversion of municipal waste away from landfills could significantly reduce the emissions of GHG and, if high rates of recycling and incineration with energy recovery are attained, the net greenhouse gas emissions may even become negative. It means that these waste management options can partly offset the emissions that occurred when the products were manufactured from virgin materials and energy was produced from fossil fuels. This is especially important concerning the climate change impact.

Food waste in campus dining operations: Inventory of pre- and post-consumer mass by food category, and estimation of embodied greenhouse gas emissions

2015 ◽  
Vol 31 (3) ◽  
pp. 191-201 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christine Costello ◽  
Esma Birisci ◽  
Ronald G. McGarvey
Keyword(s):  
Greenhouse Gas Emissions ◽  
Greenhouse Gas ◽  
Food Waste ◽  
Fruits And Vegetables ◽  
Ghg Emissions ◽  
Capital Investments ◽  
Management Options ◽  
Food Category ◽  
Gas Emissions ◽  
University Of Missouri

AbstractThere are many economic, social and environmental reasons to reduce the occurrence of food that is wasted. As communities consider options for managing their food waste streams, an understanding of the volume, composition and variability of these streams is needed to inform the decision-making process and potentially justify the capital investments needed for separation and treatment operations. This more detailed inventory also allows for the estimation of embodied resources in food that is wasted, demonstrated herein for greenhouse gas emissions (GHGs). Pre- and post-consumer food waste was collected from four all-you-care-to-eat Campus Dining Services (CDS) facilities at the University of Missouri, Columbia over 3 months in 2014. During the study period approximately 246.3 metric tons (t) of food reached the retail level at the four facilities. 232.4 t of this food was served and 13.9 t of it (10.1 t of edible and 3.8 t of inedible), was lost as pre-consumer waste. Over the same time period, an estimated 26.4 t of post-consumer food waste was generated at these facilities, 21.2 t of the waste edible and 5.3 t of it inedible. Overall, 5.6% of food reaching the retail level was lost at the pre-consumer stage and 10.7% was lost at the post-consumer stage. Out of the food categories examined, ‘fruits and vegetables’ constituted the largest source of food waste by weight, with grains as the second largest source of food waste by weight. GHGs embodied in edible food waste were calculated. Over the study period an estimated 11.1 t CO2e (100-yr) were embodied in the pre-consumer food waste and 56.1 t were embodied in post-consumer food waste for a total of 67.2 t. The ‘meat and protein’ category represents the largest embodiment of GHG emissions in both the pre- and post-consumer categories despite ranking fourth in total weight. Beef represents the largest contribution to post-consumer GHG emissions embodied in food waste with an estimated 34.1 t CO2e. This distinction between the greatest sources of food waste by weight and the greatest sources of GHG emissions is relevant when considering alternative management options for food waste.

The role of solid waste composting in mitigating climate change in Jordan

2019 ◽  
Vol 37 (8) ◽  
pp. 833-842 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hani Abu Qdais ◽  
Christoph Wuensch ◽  
Christina Dornack ◽  
Abdallah Nassour
Keyword(s):  
Anaerobic Digestion ◽  
Greenhouse Gas Emissions ◽  
Greenhouse Gas ◽  
Solid Waste ◽  
Solid Waste Management ◽  
Integrated Management ◽  
Management Options ◽  
Gas Emissions ◽  
Business As Usual ◽  
Waste Sector

Solid waste composting has never been practised on a full scale in Jordan. However, the National Solid Waste Management Strategy recommended five major composting facilities to be put into operation starting from 2025. According to the Ministry of Environment, the waste sector is contributing to 10.6% of the total greenhouse gas emissions of the country. The main objective of this study was to assess the potential of solid waste composting in mitigating greenhouse gas emissions in Jordan. Applying the upstream-operating-downstream account framework and developing a model that estimates the greenhouse gas emissions, it was possible to estimate the emissions associated with composting of source-segregated bio-waste, which was compared with three other scenarios, including business as usual (dumping and landfilling), sanitary landfilling, and anaerobic digestion. The assessment revealed that composting and anaerobic digestion of the total generated source-segregated bio-waste (Scenarios 3 and 4) have the least net greenhouse gas emissions with 1.1 million Mg CO2-eq y-1, while engineered sanitary landfilling and dumping have net emissions of 2.6 and 3.75 million Mg CO2-eq y-1, respectively. The findings of this research are paving the way to make informed and responsible decisions in the Jordanian solid waste sector to adopt sustainable and integrated management options.

scholarly journals Methane efflux from an American bison herd

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (3) ◽  
pp. 961-975
Author(s):  
Paul C. Stoy ◽  
Adam A. Cook ◽  
John E. Dore ◽  
Natascha Kljun ◽  
William Kleindl ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Greenhouse Gas Emissions ◽  
Greenhouse Gas ◽  
Eddy Covariance ◽  
Bison Bison ◽  
Flux Footprint ◽  
Gas Emissions ◽  
Total Uncertainty ◽  
Eddy Covariance Measurements ◽  
Grazing Systems ◽  
Methane Efflux

Abstract. American bison (Bison bison L.) have recovered from the brink of extinction over the past century. Bison reintroduction creates multiple environmental benefits, but impacts on greenhouse gas emissions are poorly understood. Bison are thought to have produced some 2 Tg yr−1 of the estimated 9–15 Tg yr−1 of pre-industrial enteric methane emissions, but few measurements have been made due to their mobile grazing habits and safety issues associated with measuring non-domesticated animals. Here, we measure methane and carbon dioxide fluxes from a bison herd on an enclosed pasture during daytime periods in winter using eddy covariance. Methane emissions from the study area were negligible in the absence of bison (mean ± standard deviation = −0.0009 ± 0.008 µmol m−2 s−1) and were significantly greater than zero, 0.048 ± 0.082 µmol m−2 s−1, with a positively skewed distribution, when bison were present. We coupled bison location estimates from automated camera images with two independent flux footprint models to calculate a mean per-animal methane efflux of 58.5 µmol s−1 per bison, similar to eddy covariance measurements of methane efflux from a cattle feedlot during winter. When we sum the observations over time with conservative uncertainty estimates we arrive at 81 g CH4 per bison d−1 with 95 % confidence intervals between 54 and 109 g CH4 per bison d−1. Uncertainty was dominated by bison location estimates (46 % of the total uncertainty), then the flux footprint model (33 %) and the eddy covariance measurements (21 %), suggesting that making higher-resolution animal location estimates is a logical starting point for decreasing total uncertainty. Annual measurements are ultimately necessary to determine the full greenhouse gas burden of bison grazing systems. Our observations highlight the need to compare greenhouse gas emissions from different ruminant grazing systems and demonstrate the potential for using eddy covariance to measure methane efflux from non-domesticated animals.

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