The substantia gelatinosa Rolandi of the rat. Fine structure, cytochemistry (acid phosphatase) and changes after dorsal root section

1974 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 199-217 ◽  
Author(s):  
Antonio Coimbra ◽  
B. P. Sodr�-Borges ◽  
M. M. Magalh�es
Keyword(s):  
Fine Structure ◽  
Acid Phosphatase ◽  
Dorsal Root ◽  
Substantia Gelatinosa ◽  
Root Section

scholarly journals Thiamine monophosphatase: a genuine marker for transganglionic regulation of primary sensory neurons.

1986 ◽  
Vol 34 (3) ◽  
pp. 363-371 ◽  
Author(s):  
E Knyihár-Csillik ◽  
A Bezzegh ◽  
S Böti ◽  
B Csillik
Keyword(s):  
Acid Phosphatase ◽  
Dorsal Root Ganglion ◽  
Dorsal Root ◽  
Ganglion Cells ◽  
Sensory Nerve ◽  
Substantia Gelatinosa ◽  
Axon Terminals ◽  
C Fibers ◽  
Dorsal Root Ganglion Cells ◽  
Thiamine Monophosphatase

Thiamine monophosphatase (TMPase) has been selectively localized in small dorsal root ganglion cells and in their central and peripheral terminals. Light microscopic localization of TMPase, and its alterations due to transganglionic effects, are identical with those of fluoride-resistant acid phosphatase (FRAP), but are not contaminated by the ubiquitous lysosomal reaction inevitable in trivial acid phosphatase-stained sections. TMPase is inhibited by 0.1 mM NaF, which is slightly less than the concentration needed to inhibit FRAP (0.2-0.4 mM). It is assumed that TMPase and FRAP are identical enzymes. In the perikaryon of small dorsal root ganglion cells, TMPase is located in the cisterns of the endoplasmic reticulum and in the Golgi apparatus. The central terminals of these cells are scalloped (sinusoid) axon terminals, surrounded by membrane-bound TMPase activity. Central terminals outline substantia gelatinosa Rolandi throughout the spinal cord, as well as the analogous nucleus spinalis trigemini in the medulla. TMPase-active central terminals outline "faisceau de la corne postérieure" in the sacral cord, as well as Lissauer's tract in the thoracic, upper lumbar, and sacral segments, and the paratrigeminal nucleus and the terminal (sensory) nucleus of the ala cinerea in the brainstem. Peripheral terminals displaying TMPase activity are fine nerve plexuses of C fibers. The TMPase activity of the central terminals disappears after dorsal rhizotomy in the course of Wallerian degeneration, and is depleted in the course of transganglionic degenerative atrophy (after transection of the related peripheral sensory nerve). TMPase is an outstanding genuine marker for the study of transganglionic regulation in Muridae.

The fine structure and selected histochemistry of ungerminated basidiospores of Agrocybe acericola

1996 ◽  
Vol 74 (5) ◽  
pp. 780-787 ◽  
Author(s):  
Donald G. Ruch ◽  
Kiki Nurtjahja
Keyword(s):  
Fine Structure ◽  
Acid Phosphatase ◽  
Glyoxylate Cycle ◽  
Outer Wall ◽  
Spore Wall ◽  
Malate Synthase ◽  
Marker Enzyme ◽  
Wall Ultrastructure ◽  
Membrane Bound ◽  
The Glyoxylate Cycle

The basidiospore wall of Agrocybe acericola is composed of two distinct layers that are continuous around the spores. At the germ pore, the outer wall is very thin and the inner wall becomes thicker. The plasma membrane is appressed to the inner wall and lacks distinct invaginations. The protoplasm is densely packed with ribosomes. Spores contain very little lipid distributed at each end. Mitochondria are well defined and distributed throughout the cytoplasm. Spores are binucleate, with the two nuclei lying on a line nearly perpendicular to the long axis of the cell. Various sizes of single membrane-bound vacuoles are widely distributed in the cytoplasm. These vacuoles were shown to contain acid phosphatase, indicating lysosomal activity. Microbody-like organelles are observed, which are probably glyoxysomes, since assays of malate synthase, a marker enzyme of the glyoxylate cycle, are positive. Keywords: Agrocybe, spore wall ultrastructure, basidiospore ultrastructure, glyoxylate cycle, malate synthase, acid phosphatase.

Brachial plexus dorsal rhizotomy in the treatment of upper-limb spasticity

2000 ◽  
Vol 93 (1) ◽  
pp. 26-32 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jayme Augusto Bertelli ◽  
Marcos Flavio Ghizoni ◽  
Adalberto Michels
Keyword(s):  
Brachial Plexus ◽  
Upper Limb ◽  
Dorsal Root ◽  
Functional Improvement ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Root Section ◽  
Dorsal Rhizotomy ◽  
Movement Ability ◽  
Limb Spasticity ◽  
Fine Print

Object. This study was conducted to evaluate the effects of dorsal rhizotomy on upper-limb spasticity, functional improvement, coordination, and hand sensibility.Methods. Fifteen spastic upper limbs in 13 patients were selected and prospectively studied. Brachial plexus dorsal rhizotomy was performed in which two, three, or four dorsal roots were completely sectioned. Patients were followed up for at least 12 months after surgery; the mean follow-up period was 15.6 months and the maximum period was 30 months. A remarkable relief of spasticity was observed in all cases. Recurrence was observed in only one patient and was caused by insufficient dorsal root section. Functional improvement was observed in all cases, and functional improvement in the hand was found to be related to the presence of active finger extension in the preoperative period. Even when extended dorsal root section was performed, no hand anesthesia, either total or partial, was observed. No patient lost movement ability in the postoperative period, and no ataxic limbs were observed.Conclusions. Brachial plexus dorsal rhizotomy is very effective as a treatment for upper-limb spasticity and results in functional improvement without loss of sensation in the hand.

Effect of dorsal root section on the arrhythmias associated with coronary occlusion

1976 ◽  
Vol 231 (3) ◽  
pp. 923-928 ◽  
Author(s):  
PJ Schwartz ◽  
RD Foreman ◽  
HL Stone ◽  
AM Brown
Keyword(s):  
Coronary Artery ◽  
Dorsal Root ◽  
Coronary Occlusion ◽  
Absolute Number ◽  
Root Section ◽  
Dorsal Roots ◽  
Somatic Afferents ◽  
Afferent Fibers ◽  
Surgical Preparation ◽  
Ectopic Beats

In anesthetized vagotomized dogs and cats the circumflex and/or the anterior descending coronary artery were briefly occluded (5-90 s), and ectopic beats occurring during the occlusion and for 60 s following release were counted. When arrhythmias were regularly produced for a given occlusion, the dorsal roots from C8 to T5 were transected and the occlusions were repeated. Dorsal root section produced minor changes in heart rate and blood pressure. Dogs and cats did not differ in their responses. Dorsal root section was performed in eight animals and decreased the absolute number of ectopic beats by 63 +/- 19% compared to control values (P less than 0.05). In four animals the effect on ectopic beats produced by repeated occlusions without dorsal root section was investigated and found to be increased by 35 +/- 24% compared to contrl values. Most of the somatic afferents contained in the dorsal roots were damaged by the surgical preparation. Therefore, repeated occlusions and interruption of somatic afferents do not appear to have influenced our results. The arrhythmogenic interaction between the local effects of myocardial ischemia and the sympathetic activity, whose outlow contained in the ventral roots remained intact, was still possible after dorsal root section and this explains why ectopic beats were reduced but not almost suppressed as is usually the case after bilateral stellectomy. We conclude that dorsal root section reduces the number of ectopic beats associated with short-lasting coronary artery occlusions and that the most likely mechanism is the interruption of the cardiocardiac sympathetic reflex which depends upon afferent fibers running through the dorsal roots.

Morphine blocks the increase in acid phosphatase in the substantia gelatinosa during pain

1983 ◽  
Vol 35 (3) ◽  
pp. 307-310 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eve A. Hershberger ◽  
Robert M. Kantner ◽  
Margaret L. Kirby
Keyword(s):  
Acid Phosphatase ◽  
Substantia Gelatinosa

Pain relief from dorsal root entry zone lesions made with argon and carbon dioxide microsurgical lasers

1984 ◽  
Vol 61 (5) ◽  
pp. 841-847 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stephen K. Powers ◽  
John E. Adams ◽  
Michael S. B. Edwards ◽  
James E. Boggan ◽  
Yoshio Hosobuchi
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Dorsal Root ◽  
Subjective Evaluation ◽  
Sensory Nerve ◽  
Substantia Gelatinosa ◽  
Preoperative Pain ◽  
Entry Zone ◽  
Dorsal Root Entry Zone ◽  
Root Entry Zone ◽  
Clinical Series

✓ Argon and carbon dioxide microsurgical lasers were used to produce lesions in the dorsal root entry zone (DREZ) experimentally in six cats and surgically in 21 patients who had denervation pain syndromes. The technique of producing lesions, the histological and physiological changes seen in the cat spinal cord, and the results of treatment in the clinical series are discussed. Lesions were produced within the DREZ without new involvement of the dorsal column system or corticospinal tract in all but one patient. Based on their subjective evaluation, two-thirds of the patients were relieved of more than 50% of their preoperative pain. These experimental results and clinical experience suggest that the argon and carbon dioxide lasers effectively produce localized microsurgical lesions in the DREZ. The concept that an abnormality involving either neurons in the substantia gelatinosa or internuncial fibers in Lissauer's tract is responsible for pain in patients with primary sensory nerve deafferentation is discussed.

Adenosine inhibition of synaptic transmission in the substantia gelatinosa

1994 ◽  
Vol 72 (4) ◽  
pp. 1611-1621 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Li ◽  
E. R. Perl
Keyword(s):  
Synaptic Transmission ◽  
Dorsal Root ◽  
Potassium Conductance ◽  
Outward Current ◽  
Postsynaptic Membrane ◽  
Substantia Gelatinosa ◽  
Equilibrium Potential ◽  
Primary Afferent ◽  
Primary Afferent Fibers ◽  
Sustained Outward Current

1. We studied adenosine's action on synaptic transmission from primary afferent fibers to neurons of the substantia gelatinosa (SG) using tight-seal whole cell recordings in transverse slices of hamster spinal cord. Adenosine had two actions, hyperpolarization of the postsynaptic membrane and depression of the excitatory postsynaptic currents (EPSCs) evoked by dorsal root stimulation. 2. Under voltage clamp adenosine elicited a sustained outward current at a holding potential of -70 mV. The outward current was blocked by a combination of intracellular cesium and tetraethylammonium, an effect characteristic of potassium channels. The adenosine-induced current reversed at -97 +/- 6 (SD) mV, close to the potassium equilibrium potential. These observations suggest that adenosine activates a potassium conductance in SG neurons so as to inhibit primary afferent synaptic transmission postsynaptically. 3. Adenosine reduced the miniature EPSC frequency without significantly changing the amplitude. In contrast, the glutamate receptor competitive antagonist 6-cyano-7-nitroquinoxaline-2,3-dione (CNQX) substantially reduced the amplitudes of miniature EPSCs while producing a much smaller effect on the miniature frequency than adenosine. In evoked EPSCs adenosine reduced unitary content without reducing unitary amplitude. The effects on both miniature and evoked EPSCs suggest that adenosine inhibits synaptic currents by suppressing presynaptic transmitter release. 4. EPSCs evoked by dorsal root stimuli were subdivided into monosynaptic and polysynaptic categories. Adenosine at superfusion concentrations of 20-300 microM suppressed all polysynaptic EPSCs. Less than half of monosynaptic EPSCs were inhibited, usually those evoked by the slowest-conducting primary afferents. These observations were interpreted to indicate that a principal action of adenosine in SG is on interneuronal communication.

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