Comprehensive kinetic model for electron-beam-excited XeCs+ ionic excimers

1995 ◽  
Vol 60 (4) ◽  
pp. 391-403 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. L. Lawless ◽  
D. Lo
Keyword(s):  
Electron Beam ◽  
Kinetic Model

scholarly journals A simple kinetic model for electron-beam-pumped KrF lasers

1991 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 659-673 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. C. Harvey ◽  
M. J. Shaw
Keyword(s):  
Electron Beam ◽  
Kinetic Model ◽  
Gas Composition ◽  
Gain Saturation ◽  
Laser Amplifiers ◽  
Saturation Intensity ◽  
Fundamental Relationship ◽  
Pump Rate ◽  
Simple Kinetic Model ◽  
Analytical Expressions

A kinetic model for KrF is presented that, by neglecting all but the most important kinetic processes, adequately describes the performance of electron-beam-pumped KrF lasers by a few, simple analytical expressions. The expression for the saturation intensity as a function of pump rate and gas composition is checked by measurements of gain saturation in both argon-rich and krypton-rich laser mixtures. The effects of fluorine burn-up are considered and are shown to impose a fundamental relationship between output fluence and efficiency of KrF laser amplifiers.

scholarly journals A comprehensive kinetic model of the electron‐beam‐excited xenon chloride laser

1989 ◽  
Vol 66 (12) ◽  
pp. 5707-5725 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thomas H. Johnson ◽  
Harry E. Cartland ◽  
Thomas C. Genoni ◽  
Allen M. Hunter
Keyword(s):  
Electron Beam ◽  
Kinetic Model ◽  
Xenon Chloride ◽  
Xenon Chloride Laser

Kinetic model of the active medium of an XeCl laser pumped by an electron beam

1989 ◽  
Vol 19 (2) ◽  
pp. 182-184 ◽  
Author(s):  
A M Boĭchenko ◽  
V I Derzhiev ◽  
A G Zhidkov ◽  
Sergei I Yakovlenko
Keyword(s):  
Electron Beam ◽  
Kinetic Model ◽  
Active Medium ◽  
Xecl Laser

Coupled thermodynamic/kinetic model for hydrogen transport during electron beam welding of titanium alloy

2012 ◽  
Vol 28 (4) ◽  
pp. 500-508 ◽  
Author(s):  
J L Huang ◽  
J-C Gebelin ◽  
M Strangwood ◽  
R C Reed ◽  
N Warnken
Keyword(s):  
Titanium Alloy ◽  
Electron Beam ◽  
Kinetic Model ◽  
Electron Beam Welding ◽  
Hydrogen Transport

Techniques for Transmission Electron Microscopy of Fiber-Matrix Interfaces in Aluminum Alloy-Boron Composites by Ion Erosio

1971 ◽  
Vol 29 ◽  
pp. 204-205
Author(s):  
G. G. Shaw
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Transmission Electron Microscopy ◽  
Aluminum Alloy ◽  
Electron Beam ◽  
Pure Aluminum ◽  
Ion Milling ◽  
Transmission Electron ◽  
Fiber Matrix ◽  
Ion Erosion ◽  
Row Of Fibers

The morphology and composition of the fiber-matrix interface can best be studied by transmission electron microscopy and electron diffraction. For some composites satisfactory samples can be prepared by electropolishing. For others such as aluminum alloy-boron composites ion erosion is necessary.When one wishes to examine a specimen with the electron beam perpendicular to the fiber, preparation is as follows: A 1/8 in. disk is cut from the sample with a cylindrical tool by spark machining. Thin slices, 5 mils thick, containing one row of fibers, are then, spark-machined from the disk. After spark machining, the slice is carefully polished with diamond paste until the row of fibers is exposed on each side, as shown in Figure 1.In the case where examination is desired with the electron beam parallel to the fiber, preparation is as follows: Experimental composites are usually 50 mils or less in thickness so an auxiliary holder is necessary during ion milling and for easy transfer to the electron microscope. This holder is pure aluminum sheet, 3 mils thick.

Temperature Dependence of the Critical Electron Dose for Fatty Acid Monolayers

1982 ◽  
Vol 40 ◽  
pp. 78-79
Author(s):  
Kenneth H. Downing ◽  
Robert M. Glaeser
Keyword(s):  
Electron Beam ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Inelastic Scattering ◽  
Temperature Dependence ◽  
Structural Damage ◽  
Direct Result ◽  
Second Step ◽  
Strong Temperature Dependence ◽  
Electron Dose ◽  
Covalent Bonds

The structural damage of molecules irradiated by electrons is generally considered to occur in two steps. The direct result of inelastic scattering events is the disruption of covalent bonds. Following changes in bond structure, movement of the constituent atoms produces permanent distortions of the molecules. Since at least the second step should show a strong temperature dependence, it was to be expected that cooling a specimen should extend its lifetime in the electron beam. This result has been found in a large number of experiments, but the degree to which cooling the specimen enhances its resistance to radiation damage has been found to vary widely with specimen types.

Lithography below 100 nm

1983 ◽  
Vol 41 ◽  
pp. 96-99
Author(s):  
L. D. Jackel
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Distribution ◽  
Electron Beam ◽  
Electron Scattering ◽  
Electron Beam Lithography ◽  
Substrate Material ◽  
Local Electron ◽  
Electron Dose ◽  
Positive Resist ◽  
Exposure Process

Most production electron beam lithography systems can pattern minimum features a few tenths of a micron across. Linewidth in these systems is usually limited by the quality of the exposing beam and by electron scattering in the resist and substrate. By using a smaller spot along with exposure techniques that minimize scattering and its effects, laboratory e-beam lithography systems can now make features hundredths of a micron wide on standard substrate material. This talk will outline sane of these high- resolution e-beam lithography techniques.We first consider parameters of the exposure process that limit resolution in organic resists. For concreteness suppose that we have a “positive” resist in which exposing electrons break bonds in the resist molecules thus increasing the exposed resist's solubility in a developer. Ihe attainable resolution is obviously limited by the overall width of the exposing beam, but the spatial distribution of the beam intensity, the beam “profile” , also contributes to the resolution. Depending on the local electron dose, more or less resist bonds are broken resulting in slower or faster dissolution in the developer.

Domain Formation in Synthetic Quartz

1971 ◽  
Vol 29 ◽  
pp. 156-157
Author(s):  
Joseph J. Comer
Keyword(s):  
Electron Beam ◽  
Room Temperature ◽  
Domain Formation ◽  
Synthetic Quartz ◽  
Transmission Electron ◽  
Black Spots ◽  
Diffraction Mode ◽  
Domain Boundaries ◽  
Kikuchi Lines ◽  
Straight Lines

Domains visible by transmission electron microscopy, believed to be Dauphiné inversion twins, were found in some specimens of synthetic quartz heated to 680°C and cooled to room temperature. With the electron beam close to parallel to the [0001] direction the domain boundaries appeared as straight lines normal to <100> and <410> or <510> directions. In the selected area diffraction mode, a shift of the Kikuchi lines was observed when the electron beam was made to traverse the specimen across a boundary. This shift indicates a change in orientation which accounts for the visibility of the domain by diffraction contrast when the specimen is tilted. Upon exposure to a 100 KV electron beam with a flux of 5x 1018 electrons/cm2sec the boundaries are rapidly decorated by radiation damage centers appearing as black spots. Similar crystallographio boundaries were sometimes found in unannealed (0001) quartz damaged by electrons.

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