Further validation of a measure of irrational belief

1987 ◽  
Vol 5 (3) ◽  
pp. 189-193 ◽  
Author(s):  
John M. Malouff ◽  
JoAnne Valdenegro ◽  
Nicola S. Schutte
Keyword(s):  
Irrational Belief

scholarly journals La irracionalidad y el auto-engaño

1983 ◽  
Vol 15 (45) ◽  
pp. 25-50
Author(s):  
Silvia Bello
Keyword(s):  
Irrational Beliefs ◽  
Irrational Belief ◽  
Propositional Attitude ◽  
Belief Formation ◽  
Dividing Line

In this paper I have tried to present what seem to me the main problems to be confronted in explaining the formation of motivated, irrational beliefs, and the most important recent contributions to a solution of such problems. First, I make some classifications and present some important features of the different cases of motivated irrational belief formation. After expounding the problems and the central points that stand in need of explanation, I consider Davidson's view of the conflict between our standard way of describing and explaining mental phenomena and the idea that such phenomena can be irrational. Then, I present Davidson's suggestion to reconcile an explanation that shows a belief to be irrational with the element of rationality inherent in the description of any propositional attitude. I consider Davidson's and Pears' criteria for drawing a dividing line between mental systems, and argue that Davidson's criterion seems too wide and should be restricted to cases where motivation is involved. I also argue that it is the weaker version of Pears' criterion that must be defended and confronted with Davidson's. [S.B.]

scholarly journals Rational emotional behavior: How to reduce irrational beliefs in victims post-natural disasters

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 01-08
Author(s):  
Mawardi Djamaluddin ◽  
Suryani Hi Umar
Keyword(s):  
Natural Disasters ◽  
Irrational Beliefs ◽  
Irrational Belief ◽  
Emotional Behavior ◽  
Traumatic Experiences ◽  
Research Subjects ◽  
Behaviour Therapy ◽  
Rational Emotive Behaviour Therapy ◽  
Rational Emotive ◽  
The Individual

Natural disasters that occur over a long period of time and the level of damage that occurs often affect the psychological condition of the individual causing individuals to experience traumatic experiences that are hard to forget. Traumatic experiences experienced as a result of natural disasters also influence one's view of the natural disaster itself. Some people may have rational views while others have irrational views. This irrational view often makes individuals feel even more traumatized by the bad experiences they have experienced. Therefore, this study aims to examine the effectiveness of rational emotive behaviour counselling in reducing irrational beliefs experienced by people experiencing natural disasters. The research method used was quantitative with an experimental design. The research subjects were earthquake victims in Tomara Village, South Halmahera Regency who had irrational beliefs in the high category based on the results of filling in data from the irrational belief scale. The results showed that rational emotive behaviour therapy counselling was effective in reducing irrational beliefs experienced by people experiencing natural disasters.

THE PATTERN OF IRRATIONAL BELIEFS ASSOCIATED WITH MAJOR DEPRESSIVE DISORDER

1992 ◽  
Vol 20 (3) ◽  
pp. 199-212 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lyne Prud'homme ◽  
Pierre Barron
Keyword(s):  
Major Depressive Disorder ◽  
Discriminant Analysis ◽  
Depressive Disorder ◽  
Symptom Severity ◽  
Irrational Beliefs ◽  
Irrational Belief ◽  
Normal Control Group ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Major Depressive ◽  
Normal Controls

In light of Rational-Emotive Theory, this study was undertaken to determine the pattern of irrational beliefs underlying Major Depressive Disorder (MDD). A total of 126 subjects (50 males, 76 females) volunteered to participate. Patients clinically diagnosed with MDD (unipolar type) and a control group of non-depressed patients were solicited from the inpatient and outpatient facilities of several Ottawa and Montreal hospitals; the normal control group comprised students and civil servants. The subjects completed questionnaires to measure irrational belief endorsement (IBT, RBI) and symptom severity (STAI, BDI) and to verify the depression diganosis (IDD). Multivariate statistics were used to determine the pattern of beliefs which best discriminates between the MDD group, the psychiatric control group, and the normal controls. Discriminant analysis of the IBT revealed a pattern of four irrational beliefs generally known as demand for approval, frustration reactivity, anxious overconcern, and helplessness over past. The implications of such findings for RET theory are discussed.

Carefulness

2021 ◽  
pp. 58-80
Author(s):  
Nathan L. King
Keyword(s):  
Irrational Belief ◽  
Intellectual Virtue ◽  
Statistical Reasoning ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Reasoning Skills

Whereas curiosity is the central intellectual virtue that motivates us to seek truth, knowledge, and understanding, carefulness is the central virtue that repels us from falsehood and irrational belief. This chapter explores the nature of carefulness. It begins with a series of problems designed to test the reader’s statistical reasoning skills, as a way to underscore the importance of carefulness. It then gives an account of the virtue itself. The virtue of intellectual carefulness lies between extremes of carelessness (a deficient attention to evidence) and scrupulousness (an excess). The chapter argues for the importance of carefulness across a wide range of applications, while resisting the idea that skepticism itself is a virtue. It closes with a suggested routine—the CSQ or Claim, Support, Question routine—designed to foster intellectual carefulness.

Religion

2020 ◽  
pp. 98-141
Author(s):  
Angela Dalle Vacche
Keyword(s):  
Irrational Belief ◽  
Social Anthropology ◽  
Avant Garde ◽  
Spiritual Dimension ◽  
Belief In God ◽  
Literary Adaptations ◽  
Fair Game ◽  
Hidden God ◽  
The Senses

Bazin argues that miracles are inexplicable events that test science. Wary of the supernatural and transcendence, he does not approve of Pius XII’s standards of sainthood. All religions are fair game for social anthropology, even if they address mankind’s spiritual dimension. Irrational belief in God is necessary to maintain hope in eternal justice, since human laws are imperfect. Cinema’s illusionism turns irrational belief into a spiritual sensibility even for those who do not believe in any religion. Opposed to the dogmatic tendencies of any religion, Bazin argues that, in comparison to Jean Delannoy’s literary adaptations, Robert Bresson’s Diary of a Country Priest (1951) stands out as an avant-garde film that is a masterpiece. This film explores Blaise Pascal’s notion of the Hidden God, by remapping the senses in such a way as to mark a new stage in the evolution of cinematic language. It is an example of pure cinema, comparable to Vittorio De Sica’s very different Bicycle Thieves (1948).

Introduction

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-15
Author(s):  
Angela Dalle Vacche
Keyword(s):  
Fairy Tales ◽  
Irrational Belief ◽  
Film Theory ◽  
Human Perception ◽  
The Other ◽  
Human Being ◽  
Rational Animal ◽  
Automatic Response

Bazin’s work explores a key question: What is a human, in contrast to an animal, a plant, an object or a machine? A human is simultaneously a rational animal and an irrational being. Human irrationality can lead to cruelty and madness unless it becomes creativity through art, or it turns into spirituality through irrational belief. Well aware that a human being can reduce the Other to an animal or an object, Bazin’s anti-anthropocentric ethos upholds empathy and coexistence. At the same time, Bazin approves of the anthropomorphic nature of human perception. For him, anthropomorphism is an automatic response that taps into the unavoidable contiguity of humans, animals, and things. Notorious for his dislike of Soviet montage, Bazin’s essays on children’s fairy tales, animal documentaries, and Robert Montgomery’s Lady in The Lake (1947) prove that, in his film theory, editing is as important as camera movement in filmmaking.

HOW RATIONAL BELIEFS AND IRRATIONAL BELIEFS AFFECT PEOPLE'S INFERENCES: AN EXPERIMENTAL INVESTIGATION

2000 ◽  
Vol 28 (1) ◽  
pp. 33-43 ◽  
Author(s):  
Frank W. Bond ◽  
Windy Dryden
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Investigation ◽  
Irrational Beliefs ◽  
Irrational Belief ◽  
Rational Belief ◽  
Rational Beliefs ◽  
Behaviour Therapy ◽  
Principal Mechanism ◽  
Primary Mechanism ◽  
Rational Emotive Behaviour Therapy ◽  
Functional Content

Rational Emotive Behaviour Therapy (REBT) hypothesizes that the functionality of inferences is primarily affected by the preferential and demanding nature of rational and irrational beliefs, respectively. It is then, secondarily, influenced by the functional and dysfunctional contents to which rational and irrational beliefs, respectively, refer. This hypothesis was tested by asking 96 participants to imagine themselves holding one of four specific beliefs: a rational belief with a preference and a functional content, an irrational belief with a demand and a dysfunctional content, a rational belief with a functional content and no preference, and an irrational belief with a dysfunctional content and no demand. Participants imagined themselves holding their belief in an imaginary context, whilst rating the extent of their agreement to 14 functional and dysfunctional inferences. Contrary to REBT theory, results indicated that rational and irrational beliefs had the same magnitude of effect on the functionality of inferences, whether they referred to a preference/demand+contents, or only contents. The discussion maintains that preferences and demands may not constitute the principal mechanism through which rational and irrational beliefs affect the functionality of inferences. Instead, consistent with Beck's cognitive therapy, belief contents may constitute this primary mechanism.

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