Ergodic properties of a gas of one-dimensional hard rods with an infinite number of degrees of freedom

1972 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 35-43 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ya. G. Sinai
Keyword(s):  
Infinite Number ◽  
Degrees Of Freedom ◽  
One Dimensional ◽  
Ergodic Properties ◽  
Hard Rods

scholarly journals Higher spins from exotic dualisations

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Nicolas Boulanger ◽  
Victor Lekeu
Keyword(s):  
Infinite Number ◽  
Arbitrary Number ◽  
Degrees Of Freedom ◽  
Young Tableaux ◽  
Spacetime Dimension ◽  
Massless Field ◽  
Free Level ◽  
Higher Spins

Abstract At the free level, a given massless field can be described by an infinite number of different potentials related to each other by dualities. In terms of Young tableaux, dualities replace any number of columns of height hi by columns of height D − 2 − hi, where D is the spacetime dimension: in particular, applying this operation to empty columns gives rise to potentials containing an arbitrary number of groups of D − 2 extra antisymmetric indices. Using the method of parent actions, action principles including these potentials, but also extra fields, can be derived from the usual ones. In this paper, we revisit this off-shell duality and clarify the counting of degrees of freedom and the role of the extra fields. Among others, we consider the examples of the double dual graviton in D = 5 and two cases, one topological and one dynamical, of exotic dualities leading to spin three fields in D = 3.

scholarly journals Canonical transformations for fermions in superanalysis

2014 ◽  
Vol 26 (06) ◽  
pp. 1450009
Author(s):  
Joachim Kupsch
Keyword(s):  
Infinite Number ◽  
Orthogonal Group ◽  
Degrees Of Freedom ◽  
Fock Space ◽  
Continuous Representation ◽  
Canonical Transformations ◽  
Module Extension ◽  
Bogoliubov Transformations

Canonical transformations (Bogoliubov transformations) for fermions with an infinite number of degrees of freedom are studied within a calculus of superanalysis. A continuous representation of the orthogonal group is constructed on a Grassmann module extension of the Fock space. The pull-back of these operators to the Fock space yields a unitary ray representation of the group that implements the Bogoliubov transformations.

scholarly journals Time-resolved observation of spin-charge deconfinement in fermionic Hubbard chains

Science ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 367 (6474) ◽  
pp. 186-189 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jayadev Vijayan ◽  
Pimonpan Sompet ◽  
Guillaume Salomon ◽  
Joannis Koepsell ◽  
Sarah Hirthe ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Degrees Of Freedom ◽  
Spatial Separation ◽  
Real Space ◽  
Quantum Gas ◽  
Interacting Particles ◽  
Time Resolved ◽  
One Dimensional ◽  
Quantum Numbers ◽  
Charge Correlations ◽  
The Individual

Elementary particles carry several quantum numbers, such as charge and spin. However, in an ensemble of strongly interacting particles, the emerging degrees of freedom can fundamentally differ from those of the individual constituents. For example, one-dimensional systems are described by independent quasiparticles carrying either spin (spinon) or charge (holon). Here, we report on the dynamical deconfinement of spin and charge excitations in real space after the removal of a particle in Fermi-Hubbard chains of ultracold atoms. Using space- and time-resolved quantum gas microscopy, we tracked the evolution of the excitations through their signatures in spin and charge correlations. By evaluating multipoint correlators, we quantified the spatial separation of the excitations in the context of fractionalization into single spinons and holons at finite temperatures.

Systems with Infinite Number of Degrees of Freedom

2014 ◽  
pp. 331-358
Author(s):  
Ilya Feranchuk ◽  
Alexey Ivanov ◽  
Van-Hoang Le ◽  
Alexander Ulyanenkov
Keyword(s):  
Infinite Number ◽  
Degrees Of Freedom
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