Linear and nonlinear kinetics of drug elimination I. Kinetics on the basis of a single capacity-limited pathway of elimination with or without simultaneous supply-limited elimination

1974 ◽  
Vol 2 (5) ◽  
pp. 395-415 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. A. M. van Ginneken ◽  
J. M. van Rossum ◽  
H. L. J. M. Fleuren
Keyword(s):  
Drug Elimination ◽  
Nonlinear Kinetics ◽  
Linear And Nonlinear ◽  
Kinetics Of

Thermodynamic Structure of Nonlinear Macrokinetics in Reaction-Diffusion Systems

2004 ◽  
Vol 11 (02) ◽  
pp. 185-202 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stanisław Sieniutycz
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Reactions ◽  
Reaction Diffusion ◽  
Transport Processes ◽  
Mass Action ◽  
Nonlinear Kinetics ◽  
Reaction Diffusion Systems ◽  
Thermodynamic Structure ◽  
Far From Equilibrium ◽  
Physical Consequences ◽  
Kinetics Of

Affinity picture — new for transport phenomena — and the traditional Onsagerian picture are shown to constitute two equivalent representations for kinetics of chemical reactions and transfer processes. Two competing directions in elementary chemical or transport steps are analyzed. Nonequilibrium systems are described by equations of nonlinear kinetics of Marcelin-Kohnstamm-de Donder type that contain terms exponential with respect to the Planck potentials and temperature reciprocal. Simultaneously these equations are analytical expressions characterizing the transport of the substance or energy through the energy barrier. We regard kinetics of this sort as potential representations of a generalized law of mass action that includes the effect of transfer phenomena and external fields. We also consider physical consequences of these kinetics closely and far from equilibrium, and show how diverse processes can be described. In these developments we point out the significance of nonlinear symmetries and generalized affinity. Correspondence with the Onsager's theory is shown in the vicinity of thermodynamic equilibrium. Yet, the theory shows that far from equilibrium the rates of transport processes and chemical reactions cannot be determined uniquely in terms of their affinities because these rates depend on all state coordinates of the system.

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