scholarly journals The Dutch twin register: Growth data on weight and height

1992 ◽  
Vol 22 (2) ◽  
pp. 247-251 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. I. Boomsma ◽  
J. F. Orlebeke ◽  
G. C. M. van Baal
Keyword(s):  
Growth Data ◽  
Dutch Twin Register

Modeling COVID-19 Growing Trends to Reveal the Differences in the Effectiveness of Non-Pharmaceutical Interventions among Countries in the World (Preprint)

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
You Chen ◽  
Yubo Feng ◽  
Chao Yan ◽  
Xinmeng Zhang ◽  
Cheng Gao
Keyword(s):  
Secondary Analysis ◽  
Reproduction Rate ◽  
Cumulative Number ◽  
Linear Regression Models ◽  
Growth Data ◽  
Dynamic Changes ◽  
The World ◽  
Four Levels ◽  
Almost All ◽  
Pharmaceutical Interventions

BACKGROUND Adopting non-pharmaceutical interventions (NPIs) can affect COVID-19 growing trends, decrease the number of infected cases, and thus reduce mortality and healthcare demand. Almost all countries in the world have adopted non-pharmaceutical interventions (NPIs) to control the spread rate of COVID-19; however, it is unclear what are differences in the effectiveness of NPIs among these countries. OBJECTIVE We hypothesize that COVID-19 case growth data reveals the efficacy of NPIs. In this study, we conduct a secondary analysis of COVID-19 case growth data to compare the differences in the effectiveness of NPIs among 16 representative countries in the world. METHODS This study leverages publicly available data to learn patterns of dynamic changes in the reproduction rate for sixteen countries covering Asia, Europe, North America, South America, Australia, and Africa. Furthermore, we model the relationships between the cumulative number of cases and the dynamic reproduction rate to characterize the effectiveness of the NPIs. We learn four levels of NPIs according to their effects in the control of COVID-19 growth and categorize the 16 countries into the corresponding groups. RESULTS The dynamic changes of the reproduction rate are learned via linear regression models for all of the studied countries, with the average adjusted R-squared at 0.96 and the 95% confidence interval as [0.94 0.98]. China, South Korea, Argentina, and Australia are at the first level of NPIs, which are the most effective. Japan and Egypt are at the second level of NPIs, and Italy, Germany, France, Netherlands, and Spain, are at the third level. The US and UK have the most inefficient NPIs, and they are at the fourth level of NPIs. CONCLUSIONS COVID-19 case growth data provides evidence to demonstrate the effectiveness of the NPIs. Understanding the differences in the efficacy of the NPIs among countries in the world can give guidance for emergent public health events. CLINICALTRIAL NA

Thermotropic lipid and protein transitions in Chinese hamster lung cell membranes: relationship to hyperthermic cell killing

1983 ◽  
Vol 61 (6) ◽  
pp. 421-427 ◽  
Author(s):  
James R. Lepock ◽  
Kwan-Hon Cheng ◽  
Hisham Al-Qysi ◽  
Jack Kruuv
Keyword(s):  
Mammalian Cells ◽  
Plasma Membranes ◽  
Chinese Hamster ◽  
Cell Killing ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Growth Data ◽  
Protein Fluorescence ◽  
Polar Groups ◽  
Spin Resonance ◽  
Intrinsic Protein Fluorescence

Exposure of mammalian cells to hyperthermic temperatures (ca. 41–45 °C) appears to act as a direct or triggering effect to produce some later response such as cell death, thermotolerance, or heat-shock protein synthesis. The high activation energy of cell killing indicates that the direct effect of hyperthermia might be a thermotropic transition in some cellular component, for this particular response. Both hyperthermic survival and growth data imply that the temperature for the onset of hyperthermic cell killing is 40–41.5 °C for Chinese hamster lung V79 cells. Studies using the electron spin resonance label 2,2-dimethyl-5-dodecyl-5-methyloxazolidine-N-oxide and the fluorescent probe 1,6-diphenyl-1,3,5-hexatriene show the existence of lipid transitions at approximately 7–8 and 23–36 °C (or a broad transition between these temperatures) in mitochondria and whole cell homogenates, that correlate well with changes in growth and hypothermic killing. No lipid transition was detected near 40–41.5 °C that could correlate with hyperthermic killing in either mitochondrial or plasma membranes, but measurements of intrinsic protein fluorescence and protein fluorophore to trans-paranaric acid energy transfer demonstrate the existence of an irreversible transition in protein structure or arrangement above ca. 40 °C in both mitochondrial and plasma membranes. This transition is due to protein rearrangement and (or) unfolding such that there is increased exposure of protein tryptophan and tyrosine residues to polar groups and to paranaric acid. The strength of the transition implies that a significant fraction of total membrane protein is involved in this transition, which may be analogous to the heat-induced denaturation of water-soluble proteins. This alteration in membrane structure above ca. 40 °C could cause many of the observed changes in plasma membrane and mitochondrial function, which may further be involved in cellular responses to hyperthermia.

scholarly journals Estimating COVID-19 cases infected with the variant alpha (VOC 202012/01): an analysis of screening data in Tokyo, January-March 2021

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Hiroaki Murayama ◽  
Taishi Kayano ◽  
Hiroshi Nishiura
Keyword(s):  
Confidence Interval ◽  
Growth Model ◽  
Exponential Growth ◽  
Reproduction Number ◽  
Hypergeometric Distribution ◽  
Actual Number ◽  
Growth Data ◽  
Exponential Growth Model

Abstract Background In Japan, a part of confirmed patients’ samples have been screened for the variant of concern (VOC), including the variant alpha with N501Y mutation. The present study aimed to estimate the actual number of cases with variant alpha and reconstruct the epidemiological dynamics. Methods The number of cases with variant alpha out of all PCR confirmed cases was estimated, employing a hypergeometric distribution. An exponential growth model was fitted to the growth data of variant alpha cases over fourteen weeks in Tokyo. Results The weekly incidence with variant alpha from 18–24 January 2021 was estimated at 4.2 (95% confidence interval (CI): 0.7, 44.0) cases. The expected incidence in early May ranged from 420–1120 cases per week, and the reproduction number of variant alpha was on the order of 1.5 even under the restriction of contact from January-March, 2021, Tokyo. Conclusions The variant alpha was predicted to swiftly dominate COVID-19 cases in Tokyo, and this has actually occurred by May 2021. Devising the proposed method, any country or location can interpret the virological sampling data.

NINE YEARS OF DEVELOPMENTS IN A MATURE MIXEDWOOD STAND, GREEN RIVER NEW BRUNSWICK

1960 ◽  
Vol 36 (1) ◽  
pp. 6-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. L. Hughes
Keyword(s):  
New Brunswick ◽  
Growth Data ◽  
Green River ◽  
Growth Capacity ◽  
Birch Trees

Growth data collected on three permanent one-acre sample plots, established in a mixedwood stand in northwestern New Brunswick in 1947 and remeasured in 1956, indicate (1) growth capacity of the site may be as high as 79 cubic feet per acre per year, (2) birch trees weakened by dieback do not provide much competition to softwoods and (3) because of the mortality of birch attributed to birch dieback, the stand is evolving from a mature mixedwood towards an irregularly-aged softwood stand.

scholarly journals Optimization of hormonal dose during masculinization of tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) fry

2012 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 359-364 ◽  
Author(s):  
Z Ferdous ◽  
MM Ali
Keyword(s):  
Weight Gain ◽  
Oreochromis Niloticus ◽  
Fish Growth ◽  
Daily Weight Gain ◽  
Optimum Dose ◽  
Trial Period ◽  
Growth Data ◽  
Average Daily Weight Gain ◽  
Male Population ◽  
Commercial Feed

The experiment was conducted to optimize the dose of 17?-methyl testosterone (MT) during masculinization of tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) fry. Five treatments were designed with various doses of hormone to find out the most effective one. The treatments were designated as T1 (0 mg MT/kg), T2 (40 mg MT/kg), T3 (50 mg MT/kg), T4 (60 mg MT/kg) and T5 (70 mg MT/kg). MT was administered orally by using nursery feed and Ethanol (as hormone carrier solvents) diet to tilapia fry for 28 days in hapa. After completion of the trial period of 28 days nursing of the experimental fry was continued for further 2 months with commercial feed. At the end of experiment the sex ratio was      determined by examining gonad after dissecting the fish. Growth performance was monitored by recording the morphometric characteristics i.e. weight gain (g), average daily weight gain (g). The analysis of growth data showed significant variation in weight, % weight gain, SGR (% /day) of fish among the different treatments. SGR increases with the increase of hormone dose. The present study demonstrated that all MT receiving treatments showed a significantly (p<0.01) higher male proportion (94.28%) than control (48.57%). The dose of 60 mg MT/kg of feed resulted in maximum male population (94.28%). The result indicated that the optimum dose of MT hormone was 60 mg /kg with a feeding period of 28 days after hatching.   DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/jbau.v9i2.11052   J. Bangladesh Agril. Univ. 9(2): 359–364, 2011

Graphical displays of growth data

1983 ◽  
Vol 38 (1) ◽  
pp. 145-147 ◽  
Author(s):  
J R Hebert ◽  
C Waternaux
Keyword(s):  
Growth Data ◽  
Graphical Displays

The effect of plane of nutrition on the carcasses of pigs and lambs when variations in fat content are excluded

1964 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 141-154 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. W. H. Elsley ◽  
I. McDonald ◽  
V. R. Fowler
Keyword(s):  
Head And Neck ◽  
Fat Content ◽  
Fat Deposition ◽  
Total Weight ◽  
Review Of The Literature ◽  
Growth Data ◽  
Relative Retardation ◽  
Numerical Expression

1. From a review of the literature it has been shown that there are two opposing views regarding the best method of interpreting growth data, which arise from conflicting opinions as to the role of fat deposition in the growth of the animal.2. Data of McMeekan and Palsson and Verges have been re-analysed and their own results are compared with results obtained when the effects of variation in fat content are eliminated.3. No evidence has been found of any effect of plane of nutrition on the total weights of bone and muscle relative to the weight of bone plus muscle together.4. The weight of bone plus muscle in the head and neck was increased relative to the total weight of bone plus muscle during periods of restricted nutrition. Apart from this there was no clear evidence of a relationship between the order of maturity of the joints and their relative retardation of development.5. Huxley's allometry equation was found appropriate for standardising the measurements, and the exponent was taken as a numerical expression of the relative maturity of each tissue or part.

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