Ribosomal function and its inhibition by antibiotics in prokaryotes

1980 ◽  
Vol 67 (5) ◽  
pp. 234-250 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. H. Nierhaus ◽  
H. G. Wittmann
Keyword(s):  
Ribosomal Function

Eukaryotic protein uS19: a component of the decoding site of ribosomes and a player in human diseases

2021 ◽  
Vol 478 (5) ◽  
pp. 997-1008
Author(s):  
Dmitri Graifer ◽  
Galina Karpova
Keyword(s):  
Ribosome Biogenesis ◽  
Lymphocytic Leukemia ◽  
Human Diseases ◽  
Tumor Suppressor P53 ◽  
Translational Fidelity ◽  
Gene Encoding ◽  
Ribosomal Subunits ◽  
Translational Machinery ◽  
Diamond Blackfan Anemia ◽  
Ribosomal Function

Proteins belonging to the universal ribosomal protein (rp) uS19 family are constituents of small ribosomal subunits, and their conserved globular parts are involved in the formation of the head of these subunits. The eukaryotic rp uS19 (previously known as S15) comprises a C-terminal extension that has no homology in the bacterial counterparts. This extension is directly implicated in the formation of the ribosomal decoding site and thereby affects translational fidelity in a manner that has no analogy in bacterial ribosomes. Another eukaryote-specific feature of rp uS19 is its essential participance in the 40S subunit maturation due to the interactions with the subunit assembly factors required for the nuclear exit of pre-40S particles. Beyond properties related to the translation machinery, eukaryotic rp uS19 has an extra-ribosomal function concerned with its direct involvement in the regulation of the activity of an important tumor suppressor p53 in the Mdm2/Mdmx-p53 pathway. Mutations in the RPS15 gene encoding rp uS19 are linked to diseases (Diamond Blackfan anemia, chronic lymphocytic leukemia and Parkinson's disease) caused either by defects in the ribosome biogenesis or disturbances in the functioning of ribosomes containing mutant rp uS19, likely due to the changed translational fidelity. Here, we review currently available data on the involvement of rp uS19 in the operation of the translational machinery and in the maturation of 40S subunits, on its extra-ribosomal function, and on relationships between mutations in the RPS15 gene and certain human diseases.

scholarly journals Serotonergic neuron ribosomes regulate the neuroendocrine control of Drosophila development.

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lisa P Deliu ◽  
Deeshpaul Jadir ◽  
Abhishek Ghosh ◽  
Savraj S Grewal
Keyword(s):  
Developmental Delay ◽  
Ribosomal Proteins ◽  
Growth Control ◽  
Prothoracic Gland ◽  
Neuroendocrine Control ◽  
Ribosomal Function ◽  
A Cell ◽  
Animal Growth ◽  
Main Regulator ◽  
Mechanism Of Growth

The regulation of ribosome function is a conserved mechanism of growth control. While studies in single cell systems have defined how ribosomes contribute to cell growth, the mechanisms that link ribosome function to organismal growth are less clear. Here we explore this issue using Drosophila Minutes, a class of heterozygous mutants for ribosomal proteins (Rps). These animals exhibit a delay in larval development caused by decreased production of the steroid hormone ecdysone, the main regulator of larval maturation. We found that this developmental delay is not caused by decreases in either global ribosome numbers or translation rates. Instead, we show that they are due in part to loss of Rp function specifically in a subset of serotonin (5-HT) neurons that innervate the prothoracic gland to control ecdysone production. We found that these 5-HT neurons have defective secretion in Minute animals, and that overexpression of synaptic vesicle proteins in 5-HTergic cells can partially reverse the Minute developmental delay. These results identify a cell-specific role for ribosomal function in the neuroendocrine control of animal growth and development.

scholarly journals Ethylicin Prevents Potato Late Blight by Disrupting Protein Biosynthesis of Phytophthora infestans

Pathogens ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 299
Author(s):  
Shumin Zhang ◽  
Meiquan Zhang ◽  
A. Rehman Khalid ◽  
Linxuan Li ◽  
Yang Chen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Late Blight ◽  
Phytophthora Infestans ◽  
Protein Biosynthesis ◽  
Potato Late Blight ◽  
Inhibitory Effect ◽  
Integrated Analysis ◽  
Irish Famine ◽  
Great Irish Famine ◽  
Ribosomal Function ◽  
Sporulation Capacity

Phytophthora infestans, the causal agent of potato late blight, triggered the devastating Great Irish Famine that lasted from 1845 to 1852. Today, it is still the greatest threat to the potato yield. Ethylicin is a broad-spectrum biomimetic-fungicide. However, its application in the control of Phytophthora infestans is still unknown. In this study, we investigated the effects of ethylicin on Phytophthora infestans. We found that ethylicin inhibited the mycelial growth, sporulation capacity, spore germination and virulence of Phytophthora infestans. Furthermore, the integrated analysis of proteomics and metabolomics indicates that ethylicin may inhibit peptide or protein biosynthesis by suppressing both the ribosomal function and amino acid metabolism, causing an inhibitory effect on Phytophthora infestans. These observations indicate that ethylicin may be an anti-oomycete agent that can be used to control Phytophthora infestans.

scholarly journals Inactivation of KsgA, a 16S rRNA Methyltransferase, Causes Vigorous Emergence of Mutants with High-Level Kasugamycin Resistance

2008 ◽  
Vol 53 (1) ◽  
pp. 193-201 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kozo Ochi ◽  
Ji-Yun Kim ◽  
Yukinori Tanaka ◽  
Guojun Wang ◽  
Kenta Masuda ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
16S Rrna ◽  
High Frequency ◽  
Resistance Mutations ◽  
Gene Encoding ◽  
Adenosylmethionine Decarboxylase ◽  
Ribosomal Function ◽  
High Level ◽  
Antibiotic Resistance Mutations ◽  
Modest Level ◽  
Level Resistance

ABSTRACT The methyltransferases RsmG and KsgA methylate the nucleotides G535 (RsmG) and A1518 and A1519 (KsgA) in 16S rRNA, and inactivation of the proteins by introducing mutations results in acquisition of low-level resistance to streptomycin and kasugamycin, respectively. In a Bacillus subtilis strain harboring a single rrn operon (rrnO), we found that spontaneous ksgA mutations conferring a modest level of resistance to kasugamycin occur at a high frequency of 10−6. More importantly, we also found that once cells acquire the ksgA mutations, they produce high-level kasugamycin resistance at an extraordinarily high frequency (100-fold greater frequency than that observed in the ksgA + strain), a phenomenon previously reported for rsmG mutants. This was not the case for other antibiotic resistance mutations (Tspr and Rifr), indicating that the high frequency of emergence of a mutation for high-level kasugamycin resistance in the genetic background of ksgA is not due simply to increased persistence of the ksgA strain. Comparative genome sequencing showed that a mutation in the speD gene encoding S-adenosylmethionine decarboxylase is responsible for the observed high-level kasugamycin resistance. ksgA speD double mutants showed a markedly reduced level of intracellular spermidine, underlying the mechanism of high-level resistance. A growth competition assay indicated that, unlike rsmG mutation, the ksgA mutation is disadvantageous for overall growth fitness. This study clarified the similarities and differences between ksgA mutation and rsmG mutation, both of which share a common characteristic—failure to methylate the bases of 16S rRNA. Coexistence of the ksgA mutation and the rsmG mutation allowed cell viability. We propose that the ksgA mutation, together with the rsmG mutation, may provide a novel clue to uncover a still-unknown mechanism of mutation and ribosomal function.

Hypersensitivity of Rhodobacter sphaeroides ribosomes to protein synthesis inhibitors: structural and functional implications

1994 ◽  
Vol 40 (9) ◽  
pp. 699-704 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. Sánchez ◽  
J. Teixidó ◽  
R. Guerrero ◽  
R. Amils
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Protein Synthesis ◽  
Rhodobacter Sphaeroides ◽  
Photosynthetic Bacteria ◽  
Protein Synthesis Inhibitors ◽  
Chemical Structures ◽  
Elongation Cycle ◽  
Functional Differences ◽  
Functional Implications ◽  
Ribosomal Function

The elongation cycle of protein synthesis systems of purple nonsulfur photosynthetic bacteria Rhodobacter sphaeroides, grown both phototrophically and chemotrophically, was studied using 33 inhibitors with different chemical structures and functional and domain specificities. No functional differences between phototrophic and chemotrophic ribosomal systems were detected. Rhodobacter sphaeroides ribosomes exhibited strong hypersensitivity to nine functional inhibitors when compared with Escherichia coli ribosomes. Most of the R. sphaeroides ribosomal hypersensitivities corresponded to peptidyltransferase inhibitors, implying that this important functional neighborhood must be somehow different in the two organisms.Key words: protein synthesis inhibitors, ribosomal function, peptidyltransferase, photosynthetic bacteria.

tRNA Structure and Ribosomal Function

1994 ◽  
Vol 235 (5) ◽  
pp. 1395-1405 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dennis W. Schultz ◽  
Michael Yarus
Keyword(s):  
Trna Structure ◽  
Ribosomal Function

Thermal stability of ribosomes from a psychrophilic and a mesophilic yeast

1969 ◽  
Vol 15 (9) ◽  
pp. 1116-1118 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. H. Nash ◽  
D. W. Grant
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Stability ◽  
Candida Utilis ◽  
Thermal Stabilities ◽  
Similar Treatment ◽  
Psychrophilic Yeast ◽  
Ribosomal Function ◽  
Physical Degradation ◽  
Thermal Stability Of

Ribosomes from the obligately psychrophilic yeast, Candida gelida, are rendered completely non-functional after exposure to 40 C for 5 minutes. This heat-induced impairment of ribosomal function is characterized by a reduced capacity to bind charged sRNA and is accompanied by physical degradation. Ribosomes from the mesophilic yeast, Candida utilis, however, are functionally and physically unaffected when subjected to similar treatment. The dissimilar thermal stabilities may be attributed to marked differences in the ribonucleoproteins present in the two species.

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