Effect of soluble surface-active substances on the stability of liquid films and jets

1979 ◽  
Vol 13 (6) ◽  
pp. 816-822 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. M. Rabinovich
Keyword(s):  
Liquid Films ◽  
Surface Active ◽  
The Stability ◽  
Active Substances

The Composition and Characteristics of the Rubber in Hevea Latex

1939 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
pp. 448-464 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. F. Twiss ◽  
A. S. Carpenter
Keyword(s):  
Adsorbed Layer ◽  
Protective Layer ◽  
Aqueous Dispersion ◽  
Hydrophilic Surface ◽  
Early Date ◽  
Physical Behavior ◽  
Surface Active ◽  
Protein Components ◽  
The Stability ◽  
Active Substances

Abstract IMPORTANCE OF THE SERUM SUBSTANCES The importance of the non-rubber components of latex, and particularly the protein components, in deciding the behavior towards coagulating agents was recognized at a relatively early date. Indeed, some investigators regarded the coagulating effect as being exerted only by way of the protein, the addition of the coagulants leading initially to its precipitation from solution in the serum, and thereby to the aggregation of the rubber globules. To-day the stability of latex as an aqueous dispersion of rubber globules is still regarded as being dependent on the non-rubber components of the latex. The material actually responsible for its stability, however, is now known to be adsorbed on the surface of the globules, and the physical behavior of the latex globules towards extraneous influences depends on the adsorbed film rather than on the rubber. This is remarkable, as the adsorbed layer, based on the approximation that one gram of protein covers a surface area of 107 cm.2, probably constitutes only 0.6% of the weight of the rubber globules, or thereabouts. The protective layer is not immovably attached, although in fresh latex it is possibly more firmly held than in preserved latex. It should be noted that the adsorbed coating normally represents only a small fraction of the total hydrophilic surface-active substances in the latex, and the stability of latex is less influenced by decrease in the proportion of the non-rubber components than might at first be expected. Latex purified by triply centrifuging shows little, if any, increased tendency to coagulation.

scholarly journals INFLUENCE OF EMULATOR'S NATURE ON DISPERSION AND STABILITY OF ARTIFICIAL LATEX

2017 ◽  
Vol 12 (5) ◽  
pp. 28-33
Author(s):  
A. N. Stuzhuk ◽  
I. A. Gritskova ◽  
P. S. Gorbatov ◽  
M. M. Pavlovski ◽  
P. S. Zavyazkin
Keyword(s):  
Thermoplastic Elastomer ◽  
Correlation Spectroscopy ◽  
Surfactant Mixtures ◽  
Surface Layers ◽  
Silicone Surfactants ◽  
Combined Action ◽  
Surface Active ◽  
Size Of Particles ◽  
The Stability ◽  
Active Substances

In this paper, we consider methods for producing artificial latexes based on butadiene-styrene thermoplastic elastomer in the presence of cationic surfactants, as well as their mixtures with nonionic and silicone surfactants. The obtained results are compared for the particle size distribution, and conclusions are drawn about the stability of the polymer suspension. The size of particles of polymer suspensions was determined by the method of photon correlation spectroscopy (dynamic light scattering) using a laser particle analyzer. This method allows us to consider the properties of the resulting polymer suspensions and directly draw conclusions about the effect of nature and the concentration of surface active substances on the stability of the resulting latexes. It can be assumed that in this case, structural- mechanical and electrostatic barriers form in the surface layers of the particles. The combined action of these barriers has made it possible to obtain stable polymer emulsions. Thus, it can be concluded that the used surfactant mixtures make it possible to increase the stability of artificial latexes in the stages of emulsification and distillation.

scholarly journals Experiments on compression ignition engine powered by nano-fuels

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Janusz T. Cieśliński ◽  
Jan Krzyżak ◽  
Jacek Kropiwnicki ◽  
Zbigniew Kneba
Keyword(s):  
Fuel Consumption ◽  
Engine Performance ◽  
Al2o3 Nanoparticles ◽  
Compression Ignition ◽  
Operational Parameters ◽  
Compression Ignition Engine ◽  
Surface Active ◽  
Span 80 ◽  
The Stability ◽  
Active Substances

The use of nanoparticles in fuels provides new opportunities for modification of fuel properties, which may affect the operational parameters of engines, in particular the efficiency and fuel consumption. The paper presents comparison of compression ignition engine performance fuelled with neat diesel and nano-diesel. Alumina (Al2O3) was used as nanoparticles. Surface-active substances, including Span 80 surfactant, as well as water admixture were used to improve the stability of the produced fuel. Measurements of the thermal conductivity and dynamic viscosity of the produced mixtures were conducted. In this study was used naturally aspirated, water cooled, four-stroke diesel engine. Addition of Al2O3 nanoparticles result in 4% reduced fuel consumption, addition of TiO2 nanoparticles result in 10% reduced fuel consumption with respect to neat diesel fuel.

Wind-generated waves in thin liquid films with soluble contaminant

1971 ◽  
Vol 45 (3) ◽  
pp. 527-544 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. I. P. Smith ◽  
Alex D. D. Craik
Keyword(s):  
Surface Active Agent ◽  
Active Agent ◽  
Theoretical Work ◽  
Liquid Films ◽  
Stream Flows ◽  
Surface Active Agents ◽  
Air Stream ◽  
Surface Active ◽  
The Stability

Craik (1968) has previously examined the stability of horizontal liquid films when an air stream flows over the liquid surface and when the surface is contaminated by an insoluble surface-active agent. The present theoretical work extends this investigation to examine the role of soluble surface-active agents for cases where the liquid Reynolds number is small. This role is found to be a rather complex one which, under suitable conditions, may be either stabilizing or destabilizing.Related experimental work is described which yields results in qualitative agreement with the theoretical analysis.

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