Asymptotic solution of the euler equations in the shock layer on a blunt body in nonuniform flow with gas injection from the body surface

1990 ◽  
Vol 24 (6) ◽  
pp. 931-938 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. N. Pilyugin ◽  
R. F. Talipov
Keyword(s):  
Asymptotic Solution ◽  
Euler Equations ◽  
Body Surface ◽  
Shock Layer ◽  
Blunt Body ◽  
Gas Injection ◽  
The Body ◽  
Nonuniform Flow

Determination of the sonic line in hypersonic flow past a blunt body

1965 ◽  
Vol 21 (3) ◽  
pp. 495-501 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. I. G. Bloor
Keyword(s):  
Circular Cylinder ◽  
Hypersonic Flow ◽  
Body Surface ◽  
Blunt Body ◽  
The Body ◽  
Newtonian Theory ◽  
Plane Symmetric ◽  
Sonic Line ◽  
Subsonic Region

The Newtonian theory of inviscid hypersonic flow is extended to obtain a solution uniformly valid in the subsonic region, and that is used to determine the position and shape of the sonic line. The main modification to the theory has to be made near the body surface and an expansion, essentially in terms of the stream function, is employed.For simplicity the solution is limited to the cases of axially- and plane-symmetric flows. As an illustration of the theory the flows past a sphere and a circular cylinder are treated in some detail. Comparison with the numerical results of Garabedian and Lieberstein gives favourable agreement.

Aerodynamic and Numerical Study on the Influence of Spike Shapes at Mach 1.5

2014 ◽  
Vol 1046 ◽  
pp. 177-181
Author(s):  
Yong Hong Li ◽  
Xin Wu Tang ◽  
Wei Qun Zhou
Keyword(s):  
Hypersonic Flow ◽  
Body Surface ◽  
Blunt Body ◽  
Numerical Study ◽  
Aerodynamic Characteristics ◽  
The Body ◽  
Bow Shock ◽  
Aerodynamic Heating ◽  
Recirculation Flow ◽  
Flight Vehicles

Taking into account the issue of configuration or aerodynamic heating, most supersonic and hypersonic flight vehicles have to use the blunt-nosed body. However, in supersonic especially in hypersonic flow the strong bow shock ahead of the blunt nose introduces a rather high shock drag that affects the aerodynamic performance of the vehicles seriously. A spike mounted on a blunt body during its flight pushes the strong bow shock away from the body surface and forms recirculation flow with low pressure ahead of the body surface, and then decreases the drag. The drag reduction effects of spikes in high supersonic and hypersonic flow had been validated through experimental and numerical methods. In order to analyze the influence of the spike on aerodynamic characteristics at low supersonic (M=1.5) flow past blunt-nosed bodies, numerical studies were carried out which included the influence of the spike shape, the analysis of the fluid flow structures and the effect on the aerodynamic characteristics of a blunt body.

The Role of Computer Modeling in Electrocardiography

1990 ◽  
Vol 29 (04) ◽  
pp. 282-288 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. van Oosterom
Keyword(s):  
Electrical Activity ◽  
Computer Modeling ◽  
Body Surface ◽  
Electrical Current ◽  
The Body ◽  
Volume Conductor ◽  
Current Generator ◽  
Cardiac Electrical Activity ◽  
Source Models

AbstractThis paper introduces some levels at which the computer has been incorporated in the research into the basis of electrocardiography. The emphasis lies on the modeling of the heart as an electrical current generator and of the properties of the body as a volume conductor, both playing a major role in the shaping of the electrocardiographic waveforms recorded at the body surface. It is claimed that the Forward-Problem of electrocardiography is no longer a problem. Several source models of cardiac electrical activity are considered, one of which can be directly interpreted in terms of the underlying electrophysiology (the depolarization sequence of the ventricles). The importance of using tailored rather than textbook geometry in inverse procedures is stressed.

The use of Body Surface Index as a Better Clinical Health indicators Compare to Body Mass Index and Body Surface Area for Clinical Application

2018 ◽  
pp. 131-136
Author(s):  
Shirazu I. ◽  
Theophilus. A. Sackey ◽  
Elvis K. Tiburu ◽  
Mensah Y. B. ◽  
Forson A.
Keyword(s):  
Surface Area ◽  
Body Surface Area ◽  
Clinical Application ◽  
Body Surface ◽  
Body Height ◽  
Health Indicators ◽  
The Body ◽  
Body Parameters ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Individual Body

The relationship between body height and body weight has been described by using various terms. Notable among them is the body mass index, body surface area, body shape index and body surface index. In clinical setting the first descriptive parameter is the BMI scale, which provides information about whether an individual body weight is proportionate to the body height. Since the development of BMI, two other body parameters have been developed in an attempt to determine the relationship between body height and weight. These are the body surface area (BSA) and body surface index (BSI). Generally, these body parameters are described as clinical health indicators that described how healthy an individual body response to the other internal organs. The aim of the study is to discuss the use of BSI as a better clinical health indicator for preclinical assessment of body-organ/tissue relationship. Hence organ health condition as against other body composition. In addition the study is `also to determine the best body parameter the best predict other parameters for clinical application. The model parameters are presented as; modeled height and weight; modelled BSI and BSA, BSI and BMI and modeled BSA and BMI. The models are presented as clinical application software for comfortable working process and designed as GUI and CAD for use in clinical application.

Mannose-binding C-type lectins as defense molecules on the body surface of the sea urchin Pseudocentrotus depressus

2021 ◽  
Vol 116 ◽  
pp. 103915
Author(s):  
Chihiro Iiyama ◽  
Fuyu Yoneda ◽  
Masaya Tsutsumi ◽  
Shigeyuki Tsutsui ◽  
Osamu Nakamura
Keyword(s):  
Sea Urchin ◽  
Body Surface ◽  
The Body ◽  
Mannose Binding ◽  
Defense Molecules

Development and Validation of a New Scoring Tool to Evaluate the Clinical Evolution of Adult Patients with Nonsegmental Vitiligo

Dermatology ◽  
2021 ◽  
pp. 1-9
Author(s):  
María Luisa Peralta-Pedrero ◽  
Denisse Herrera-Bringas ◽  
Karla Samantha Torres-González ◽  
Martha Alejandra Morales-Sánchez ◽  
Fermín Jurado Santa-Cruz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Surface ◽  
Task Force ◽  
Intraclass Correlation ◽  
The Body ◽  
Response To Treatment ◽  
Similar Response ◽  
Clinical Evolution ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Patient Reported ◽  
Extreme Groups

<b><i>Background:</i></b> Vitiligo has an unpredictable course and a variable response to treatment. Furthermore, the improvement of some vitiligo lesions cannot be considered a guarantee of a similar response to the other lesions. Instruments for patient-reported outcome measures (PROM) can be an alternative to measure complex constructions such as clinical evolution. <b><i>Objective:</i></b> The aim of this study was to validate a PROM that allows to measure the clinical evolution of patients with nonsegmental vitiligo in a simple but standardized way that serves to gather information for a better understanding of the disease. <b><i>Methods:</i></b> The instrument was created through expert consensus and patient participation. For the validation study, a prospective cohort design was performed. The body surface area affected was measured with the Vitiligo Extension Score (VES), the extension, the stage, and the spread by the evaluation of the Vitiligo European Task Force assessment (VETFa). Reliability was determined with test-retest, construct validity through hypothesis testing, discriminative capacity with extreme groups, and response capacity by comparing initial and final measurements. <b><i>Results:</i></b> Eighteen semi-structured interviews and 7 cognitive interviews were conducted, and 4 dermatologists were consulted. The instrument Clinical Evolution-Vitiligo (CV-6) was answered by 119 patients with a minimum of primary schooling. A wide range was observed in the affected body surface; incident and prevalent cases were included. The average time to answer the CV-6 was 3.08 ± 0.58 min. In the test-retest (<i>n</i> = 53), an intraclass correlation coefficient was obtained: 0.896 (95% CI 0.82–0.94; <i>p</i> &#x3c; 0.001). In extreme groups, the mean score was 2 (2–3) and 5 (4–6); <i>p</i> &#x3c; 0.001. The initial CV-6 score was different from the final one and the change was verified with VES and VETFa (<i>p</i> &#x3c; 0.05, <i>n</i> = 92). <b><i>Conclusions:</i></b> The CV-6 instrument allows patient collaboration, it is simple and brief, and it makes it easier for the doctor to focus attention on injuries that present changes at the time of medical consultation.

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