Technique for determining effects of banded fertilizer on soil solution composition and root growth

1988 ◽  
Vol 18 (3) ◽  
pp. 251-256 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. W. Moody
Keyword(s):  
Root Growth ◽  
Soil Solution ◽  
Solution Composition

Effect of banded fertilizers on soil solution composition and short-term root-growth .2. Mono-ammonium and di-ammonium phosphates

Soil Research ◽  
1995 ◽  
Vol 33 (4) ◽  
pp. 689 ◽  
Author(s):  
PW Moody ◽  
DG Edwards ◽  
LC Bell
Keyword(s):  
Root Growth ◽  
Soil Solution ◽  
Root Elongation ◽  
Ammonium Phosphate ◽  
Contact Period ◽  
Solution Composition ◽  
Solution Ph ◽  
Organic C ◽  
Precipitation Reactions ◽  
Relative Root

A layer of mono- or di-ammonium phosphate (MAP and DAP, respectively) was placed in contact for 5 days with duplicate columns of soil at a water content equivalent to 10 kPa matric suction. This was designed to simulate the effects of banded fertilizer on soil solution composition. Five soils were used: 0-10 cm samples from a Kurosol, a Ferrosol, a Vertosol and a Kandosol, and a 50-60 cm sample from the Kandosol. After the contact period, soil sections were recovered at successive 5 mm intervals from the fertilizer layer, the last section being 45-60 mm from the layer. Soybean (Glycine max (L.) Merr.) seedlings were grown for 48 h in each section and relative root elongation was determined. Soil solution was then extracted from each section and analysed. The amount of inorganic P in the soil solution (P-i) was summed over all soil sections for each soil and each P source and was found to be correlated with distance of P movement from the simulated band (r = 0 . 792, P < 0.01). Of several soil chemical parameters of the control (unfertilized) soils regressed against Pi, the following showed significant (P = 0.05) negative correlations: Ca and Mg concentrations in the soil solution for Pi from both MAP and DAP, exchangeable Ca and Mg for DAP, and citrate-dithionite extractable Fe and Al for MAP. These results suggest that adsorption (and possibly precipitation) reactions with Fe and Al hydrous oxides contributed to the removal of P-i from solution in the presence of MAP. However, with DAP as the fertilizer source, precipitation reactions involving Ca and Mg were the predominant factors. Dissolved organic C in the soil solution increased adjacent to both DAP and MAP, with larger amounts in proximity to DAP being a consequence of the higher soil solution pH (~ 7). Soil solution Si increased in all soils adjacent to both DAP and MAP, with concentrations being higher in the MAP treatments. Dissolution of aluminosilicates in the acidic conditions near MAP (pH ~5) was the probable cause. Relative root elongation (RRE) of soybean was restricted in soil sections close to the fertilizer. When RRE was plotted against each of soil solution EC, NH3 activity, and calcium activity ratio (CAR), a single curvilinear function described the relationship between RRE and CAR for all soils and both P sources. It is concluded that a salt-induced Ca deficiency was the cause of restricted root growth in proximity to DAP and MAP, rather than an osmotic effect or NH3 toxicity.

Amelioration of subsurface acidity in sandy soils in low rainfall regions .2. Changes to soil solution composition following the surface application of gypsum and lime

Soil Research ◽  
1994 ◽  
Vol 32 (4) ◽  
pp. 847 ◽  
Author(s):  
CDA Mclay ◽  
GSP Ritchie ◽  
WM Porter ◽  
A Cruse
Keyword(s):  
Ionic Strength ◽  
Soil Solution ◽  
Ion Pairs ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Sandy Soils ◽  
Soil Surface ◽  
Field Trials ◽  
Annual Rainfall ◽  
First Year ◽  
Solution Composition

Two field trials were sampled to investigate the changes to soil solution chemical properties of a yellow sandplain soil with an acidic subsoil following the application of gypsum and lime to the soil surface in 1989. The soils were sandy textured and located in a region of low annual rainfall (300-350 mm). Soil was sampled annually to a depth of 1 m and changes in soil solution composition were estimated by extraction of the soil with 0.005 M KCl. Gypsum leaching caused calcium (Ca), sulfate (SO4) and the ionic strength to increase substantially in both topsoil and subsoil by the end of the first year. Continued leaching in the second year caused these properties to decrease by approximately one-half in the topsoil. Gypsum appeared to have minimal effect on pH or total Al (Al-T), although the amount of Al present as toxic monomeric Al decreased and the amount present as non-toxic AlSO+4 ion pairs increased. Magnesium (Mg) was displaced from the topsoil by gypsum and leached to a lower depth in the subsoil. In contrast, lime caused pH to increase and Al to decrease substantially in the topsoil, but relatively little change to any soil solution properties was observed in the subsoil. There was an indication that more lime may have leached in the presence of gypsum in the first year after application at one site. Wheat yields were best related to the soil acidity index Al-T/EC (where EC is electrical conductivity of a 1:5 soil:water extract), although the depth at which the relationship was strongest in the subsoil varied between sites. The ratio Al-T/EC was strongly correlated with the activity of monomeric Al species (i.e. the sum of the activities of Al3+, AlOH2+ and Al(OH)+2 in the soil solution. An increase in the concentration of sulfate in the subsoil solution (which increased the ionic strength, thereby decreasing the activity of Al3+, and also increased the amount of Al present as the AlSO+4 ion pair) was probably the most important factor decreasing Al toxicity to wheat. The results indicated that gypsum could be used to increase wheat growth in aluminium toxic subsoils in sandy soils of low rainfall regions and that a simple soil test could be used to predict responses.

scholarly journals Effects of Liming on Grass Growth, Soil Solution Composition, and Microbial Activities

1987 ◽  
Vol 33 (2) ◽  
pp. 177-185 ◽  
Author(s):  
Masayuki Hojito ◽  
Shuji Higashida ◽  
Akira Nishimune ◽  
Kinya Takao
Keyword(s):  
Soil Solution ◽  
Microbial Activities ◽  
Solution Composition ◽  
Grass Growth

Organic matter mobilization as affected by soil-solution composition and prevailing clay minerals

2002 ◽  
Vol 33 (13-14) ◽  
pp. 2291-2299 ◽  
Author(s):  
Roberto S. Martínez ◽  
Pablo Zalba ◽  
María B. Villamil ◽  
Norman Peinemann
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Clay Minerals ◽  
Soil Solution ◽  
Solution Composition
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